Bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of a static drill rooted nodular pile in soft soil areas

The static drill rooted nodular pile is a new type of pile foundation consisting of precast nodular pile and the surrounding cemented soil.This composite pile has a relatively high bearing capacity and the mud pollution will be largely reduced during the construction process by using this type of pile.In order to investigate the bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of this pile,a group of experiments were conducted to provide a comparison between this new pile and the bored pile.The axial force of a precast nodular pile was also measured by the strain gauges installed on the pile to analyze the distribution of the axial force of the nodular pile and the skin friction supported by the surrounding soil,then 3D models were built by using the ABAQUS finite element program to investigate the load transfer mechanism of this composite pile in detail.By combining the results of field tests and the finite element method,the outcome showed that the bearing capacity of a static drill rooted nodular pile is higher than the bored pile,and that this composite pile will form a double stress dispersion system which will not only confirm the strength of the pile,but also make the skin friction to be fully mobilized.The settlement of this composite pile is mainly controlled by the precast nodular pile;meanwhile,the nodular pile and the surrounding cemented soil can be considered as deformation compatibility during the loading process.The nodes on the nodular pile play an important role during the load transfer process,the shear strength of the interface between the cemented soil and the soil of the static drill rooted pile is larger than that of the bored pile.

水泥土性质对静钻根植竹节桩抗压承载性能影响（英文）

目的:静钻根植竹节桩是一种由预制竹节桩和水泥土组成的组合桩基。通过一系列水泥土试块的无侧限抗压强度试验和静钻根植竹节桩的单桩模型试验,研究水泥土性质对静钻根植竹节桩抗压承载性能的影响。得出水泥土强度的提高对静钻根植竹节桩桩侧和桩端承载性能的影响规律,为静钻根植竹节桩的设计和推广应用提供理论依据。创新点:1.得出静钻根植竹节桩桩端扩大头中水泥土强度的提高对其桩端承载性能的影响规律;2.得到静钻根植竹节桩桩周水泥土强度的提高对其桩侧摩擦性能的影响规律。方法:1.通过改变静钻根植竹节桩桩端扩大头的水泥土强度的模型试验,得到桩端水泥土强度的提高对桩基桩端承载性能的影响规律;2.通过桩周水泥土强度不同的静钻根植竹节桩的模型试验,得出静钻根植竹节桩桩周水泥土强度的提高对其桩侧摩擦性能的影响规律。结论:1.提高水泥土强度能够改善静钻根植竹节桩的抗压承载性能;当桩周水泥土强度从0.706 MPa增加到1.21 MPa,桩端水泥土强度从11.10 MPa增加到16.02 MPa时,静钻根植竹节桩极限抗压承载力提高了36%。2.当桩周水泥土强度从0.706 MPa增加到1.21 MPa时,不同深度土层中桩侧极限摩阻力增加到1.06–1.36倍。3.桩端水泥土强度从11.10 MPa增加到16.02 MPa时,静钻根植竹节桩的极限桩端承载力增加到1.42倍。4.在静钻根植竹节桩的实际工程应用中,增加桩端扩大头处水泥土强度能够有效提高桩基的承载性能,而桩周水泥土强度的增加对桩基侧摩阻力的提高效果不明显。

Excavation collapse of Hangzhou subway station in soft clay and numerical investigation based on orthogonal experiment method

This paper studies the excavation collapse at the Xianghu subway station on Hangzhou metro line 1.The objective is to present an overview of this case study and discuss the cause of the failure.Through field investigation and preliminary analysis,the reasons for the excavation collapse were the misuse of the soil parameters,over excavation,incorrect installation of steel struts,invalid monitoring data,and inadequate ground improvement.Finally,a small strain constitutive model was used for further analysis.In order to estimate damage efficiently,the orthogonal array(OA) was introduced for screening the key factor in the numerical experiments.Six estimated indexes including deformations and internal forces of the excavation were taken,and the effectiveness of four factors which may cause the collapse was evaluated.Through numerical experiments and interaction analysis,it is found that the deformation and internal force can be well controlled by jet grouting of the subsoil under the final cutting surface,but increasing the improvement ratio of the jet grouting cannot help optimize the excavation behavior efficiently,and without jet grouting and the fourth level struts,the deformation and internal force of the excavation in this case will far surpass the allowable value.

带承台静钻根植竹节桩抗压承载性能试验研究（英文）

目的:研究带承台静钻根植竹节桩的抗压承载性能,承台在荷载传递过程中所起作用,带承台静钻根植竹节桩的桩侧摩擦性能和桩端承载性能。创新点:通过带承台静钻根植竹节桩的现场静载试验对其抗压承载性能进行分析。方法:在预制桩制作过程中在桩身安置钢筋应力计(图1),通过含有钢筋应力计的试桩的静载试验对其抗压承载性能(图7和8)、各级荷载作用下的桩身轴力(图9和10)、承台承载性能(图11和12)、桩侧摩擦性能(图18)以及桩端承载性能(图19和20)进行分析与研究。结论:1.静钻根植工法通过搅拌注浆能够改善承台下部土体性质,在静钻根植桩中设置承台能充分发挥静钻根植工法的优势,在该种桩基中设置承台比较合适;2.承台的存在使桩周土体产生沉降,使得试桩上部桩土相对位移较小,从而使试桩上部桩侧摩阻力减小,试桩下部土体所提供的侧摩阻力相比灌注桩都有所提高;在粘性土中试桩桩侧摩阻力值为灌注桩的1.25倍,在砂性土中达到2倍,说明试桩中水泥土-土体接触面摩擦性能优于灌注桩混凝土-桩周土体接触面的摩擦性能,且在砂性土中提高程度更大;试桩桩端荷载位移曲线基本呈线性,与双折线模型相似;由于有水泥土的渗入,桩端土的强度得到提高,使桩端承载性能也得到提高。

Drainage-induced ground response in a twin-tunnel system through analytical prediction over the seepage field

Leakage-induced hydraulic and ground responses in a twin-tunnel system are analyzed via the proposed analytical solution on the seepage field.The seepage continuity conditions are rigorously satisfied at the interface between the ground and the tunnel lining,in terms of both water pressure and seepage velocity.The analytical solution is verified by comparing the results of numerical simulations.A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to explore the effect of tunnels’spatial layouts and degraded waterproof facilities on leakageinduced hydraulic and ground response,including head decline,water inflow and ground surface settlement.Our results show that the often used single tunnel model tends to overestimate the pore pressure on the lining along with water inflow into the tunnel,and underestimate the leakage-induced ground settlement.

一种静钻根植竹节桩非线性简化沉降计算方法（英文）

目的:静钻根植竹节桩是一种由预制桩和水泥土组成的组合桩基,其桩身具有预制桩-水泥土和水泥土-桩周土体两个接触面。本文以桩土接触面剪切试验、模型试验和现场试验数据为基础,提出一种静钻根植竹节桩简化沉降计算方法,为静钻根植竹节桩的沉降计算提供依据;并通过所提出的简化计算方法对静钻根植竹节桩桩端水泥土扩大头以及桩周水泥土直径对静钻根植竹节桩承载性能的影响进行研究。创新点:1.通过剪切试验对预制桩-水泥土接触面的剪切性能进行研究,得到接触面侧摩阻力与相对位移的关系;2.建立同时考虑预制桩-水泥土接触面和水泥土-桩周土体接触面作用的静钻根植竹节桩简化沉降计算方法。方法:1.通过桩土接触面剪切试验,得到预制桩-水泥土接触面摩擦模型;2.通过对模型试验结果的分析,得到水泥土-桩周土体接触面摩擦模型;3.根据试验结果编写静钻根植竹节桩沉降计算程序,通过与试验结果的比较验证所提计算方法的可靠性;4.通过提出的静钻根植竹节桩简化计算方法对静钻根植竹节桩承载力影响因素进行分析与研究。结论:1.预制桩-水泥土接触面摩擦性能远优于水泥土-桩周土体接触面摩擦性能;2.由于水泥浆的渗透作用,水泥土-桩周土体接触面的初始剪切刚度有所提高;3.所提出的计算方法能够有效地计算出静钻根植竹节桩单桩在成层土体中的荷载位移关系曲线;4.桩端水泥土扩大头能够有效地提高静钻根植竹节桩桩端承载性能,并且增加桩周水泥土直径能够提高静钻根植竹节桩承载性能。