AIM: To optimize the viral persistence rate in a hydrodynamic injection(HI) based hepatitis B virus(HBV) transfection mouse model.METHODS:(1) 5-6-wk-old male C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice were hydrodynamically injected wi...AIM: To optimize the viral persistence rate in a hydrodynamic injection(HI) based hepatitis B virus(HBV) transfection mouse model.METHODS:(1) 5-6-wk-old male C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice were hydrodynamically injected with 10 μg endotoxin-free p AAV/HBV1.2 plasmid DNA via the tail vein. Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag), hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) and HBV DNA, both in the serum and liver, were detected at different time points post HI by ELISA, immunohistochemical staining or quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR);(2) male C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice, either hydrodynamically injected mice at 10 wk post HI or na?ve mice, were all immunized subcutaneously with 5 μg HBs Ag formulated in complete Freund's adjuvant three times at a 2-wk interval. Two weeks after the final immunization, splenocytes were isolated for T cell function analysis by ELISPOT assay; and(3) five weeks post HI, C3H/He N mice were intragastrically administered 0.1 mg/kg entecavir once a day for 14 d, or were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg interferon(IFN)-α twice a week for 2 wk, or were treated with PBS as controls. The sera were collected and assayed for HBV DNA on days 0, 7 and 14 after drug treatment. RESULTS:(1) Approximately 90%(22/25) of the injected C3H/He N mice were still HBs Ag-positive at 46 wk post HI, whereas HBs Ag in C57BL/6 mice were completely cleared at 24 wk. Serum levels of HBe Ag in C3H/He N mice were higher than those in C57BL/6 mice from 4 wk to 46 wk. HBV DNA levels in the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice were higher than those in the C57BL/6 mice, both in the serum(from 4 wk to 46 wk) and in the liver(detected at 8 wk and 46 wk post HI). Histology showed that hepatitis B core antigen and HBs Ag were expressed longer in the liver of C3H/He N mice than in C57BL/6;(2) HBs Ag specific T cell responses after HBs Ag vaccination in hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice, or naive control mice were detected by ELISPOT assay. After stimulation with HBs Ag, the frequencies of IFN-γ producing splenocytes in the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice were significantly lower than those in hydrodynamically injected C57BL/6 mice, control C3H/He N and control C57BL/6 mice, which were 0, 17 ± 7, 18 ± 10, and 41 ± 10 SFCs/106 splenocytes, respectively, and the mean spot sizes showed the same pattern. Even just stimulated with PMA and ionomysin, T-cell responses elicited in the vaccinated control C3H/He N were much higher than those in hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice; and(3) For drug treatment experiments on the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice, serum HBV DNA levels in the entecavir treatment group declined(131.2 folds, P < 0.01) on day 7 after treatment and kept going down. In the group of IFN-α treatment, serum HBV DNA levels declined to a lowest point(6.42 folds, P < 0.05) on 7 d after treatment and then rebounded.CONCLUSION: We have developed a novel HI-based HBV transfection model using C3H/He N mice, which had a higher HBV persistence rate than the classic C57BL/6 mouse model.展开更多
Fluoropolymers get increasing attention in energetic materials application due to the high fluorine content.To explore the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(P(VDF-HFP))on Al/MnO_(2) nanothermi...Fluoropolymers get increasing attention in energetic materials application due to the high fluorine content.To explore the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(P(VDF-HFP))on Al/MnO_(2) nanothermite,the samples with different contents are prepared and characterized by SEM,TGDSC,XRD,and their ignition and combustion behavior are tested and recorded.The results show that P(VDF-HFP)as an energetic binder can combine the nanothermite components together,even exist in the gaps.The integrity of energetic materials has been improved.Thermal analysis shows that the addition of P(VDF-HFP)greatly changes the thermal reaction processes,and the exothermic peaks appear early,but the utilization of fuel and oxidizer is not efficient from the XRD results.Furthermore,the appropriate addition of P(VDF-HFP)can directly reduce the ignition energy threshold and increase the combustion time,which is necessary for the potential ignition charge application.The possible reasons for above phenomena are discussed and analyzed.This research provides a reference for improvement of thermitebased ignition charge formulation.展开更多
An electrospun poly（lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） membrane was prepared and used to perform the anti-adhesion of Achilles tendon. Throughout the experiments, the membrane showed an appropriate degradation rate, and...An electrospun poly（lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） membrane was prepared and used to perform the anti-adhesion of Achilles tendon. Throughout the experiments, the membrane showed an appropriate degradation rate, and the pH values of degradation media were maintained at around 7.4. Simultaneously, the excellent biocompatibility of the membrane in vitro and in vivo was confirmed by live/dead and histopathological analyses. Meanwhile, the membrane can reduce tendon adhesion significantly and promote functional recovery effectively. The encouraging results were further demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E）, and Masson＇s trichrome stainings, and type I collagen immunohistochemical analysis. It was concluded that the model treated with the electrospun PLGA membrane was significantly better with respect to the adhesion prevention and tissue repair than that without treatment. Considering the results of degradation and adhesion prevention efficacy, the electrospun PLGA membrane would be a great candidate for the prevention of postoperative tendon adhesion.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Fund for Science and Technology Development,No.13140902200 and No.12140900300National Key Basic Research Development Program(973 Program),No.2012CB519005
文摘AIM: To optimize the viral persistence rate in a hydrodynamic injection(HI) based hepatitis B virus(HBV) transfection mouse model.METHODS:(1) 5-6-wk-old male C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice were hydrodynamically injected with 10 μg endotoxin-free p AAV/HBV1.2 plasmid DNA via the tail vein. Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag), hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag) and HBV DNA, both in the serum and liver, were detected at different time points post HI by ELISA, immunohistochemical staining or quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR);(2) male C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice, either hydrodynamically injected mice at 10 wk post HI or na?ve mice, were all immunized subcutaneously with 5 μg HBs Ag formulated in complete Freund's adjuvant three times at a 2-wk interval. Two weeks after the final immunization, splenocytes were isolated for T cell function analysis by ELISPOT assay; and(3) five weeks post HI, C3H/He N mice were intragastrically administered 0.1 mg/kg entecavir once a day for 14 d, or were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg interferon(IFN)-α twice a week for 2 wk, or were treated with PBS as controls. The sera were collected and assayed for HBV DNA on days 0, 7 and 14 after drug treatment. RESULTS:(1) Approximately 90%(22/25) of the injected C3H/He N mice were still HBs Ag-positive at 46 wk post HI, whereas HBs Ag in C57BL/6 mice were completely cleared at 24 wk. Serum levels of HBe Ag in C3H/He N mice were higher than those in C57BL/6 mice from 4 wk to 46 wk. HBV DNA levels in the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice were higher than those in the C57BL/6 mice, both in the serum(from 4 wk to 46 wk) and in the liver(detected at 8 wk and 46 wk post HI). Histology showed that hepatitis B core antigen and HBs Ag were expressed longer in the liver of C3H/He N mice than in C57BL/6;(2) HBs Ag specific T cell responses after HBs Ag vaccination in hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N and C57BL/6 mice, or naive control mice were detected by ELISPOT assay. After stimulation with HBs Ag, the frequencies of IFN-γ producing splenocytes in the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice were significantly lower than those in hydrodynamically injected C57BL/6 mice, control C3H/He N and control C57BL/6 mice, which were 0, 17 ± 7, 18 ± 10, and 41 ± 10 SFCs/106 splenocytes, respectively, and the mean spot sizes showed the same pattern. Even just stimulated with PMA and ionomysin, T-cell responses elicited in the vaccinated control C3H/He N were much higher than those in hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice; and(3) For drug treatment experiments on the hydrodynamically injected C3H/He N mice, serum HBV DNA levels in the entecavir treatment group declined(131.2 folds, P < 0.01) on day 7 after treatment and kept going down. In the group of IFN-α treatment, serum HBV DNA levels declined to a lowest point(6.42 folds, P < 0.05) on 7 d after treatment and then rebounded.CONCLUSION: We have developed a novel HI-based HBV transfection model using C3H/He N mice, which had a higher HBV persistence rate than the classic C57BL/6 mouse model.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,project no.51704302was also supported by China Scholarship Council,no.201903170086.
文摘Fluoropolymers get increasing attention in energetic materials application due to the high fluorine content.To explore the effect of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(P(VDF-HFP))on Al/MnO_(2) nanothermite,the samples with different contents are prepared and characterized by SEM,TGDSC,XRD,and their ignition and combustion behavior are tested and recorded.The results show that P(VDF-HFP)as an energetic binder can combine the nanothermite components together,even exist in the gaps.The integrity of energetic materials has been improved.Thermal analysis shows that the addition of P(VDF-HFP)greatly changes the thermal reaction processes,and the exothermic peaks appear early,but the utilization of fuel and oxidizer is not efficient from the XRD results.Furthermore,the appropriate addition of P(VDF-HFP)can directly reduce the ignition energy threshold and increase the combustion time,which is necessary for the potential ignition charge application.The possible reasons for above phenomena are discussed and analyzed.This research provides a reference for improvement of thermitebased ignition charge formulation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51303174,51321062,51233004,51390484,51273196,and 51203153)the Scientific Development Program of Jilin Province(No.20140520050JH)
文摘An electrospun poly（lactide-co-glycolide） （PLGA） membrane was prepared and used to perform the anti-adhesion of Achilles tendon. Throughout the experiments, the membrane showed an appropriate degradation rate, and the pH values of degradation media were maintained at around 7.4. Simultaneously, the excellent biocompatibility of the membrane in vitro and in vivo was confirmed by live/dead and histopathological analyses. Meanwhile, the membrane can reduce tendon adhesion significantly and promote functional recovery effectively. The encouraging results were further demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E）, and Masson＇s trichrome stainings, and type I collagen immunohistochemical analysis. It was concluded that the model treated with the electrospun PLGA membrane was significantly better with respect to the adhesion prevention and tissue repair than that without treatment. Considering the results of degradation and adhesion prevention efficacy, the electrospun PLGA membrane would be a great candidate for the prevention of postoperative tendon adhesion.
