UPLC-MS/MS法与ELISA法测定胖大海中黄曲霉毒素的比较研究

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对胖大海中的黄曲霉毒素进行检测,比较两种方法的检测结果以及方法学差异性。方法UPLC-MS/MS法测定:样品采用70%甲醇提取经过免疫亲和柱净化,色谱柱为C_(18)(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),柱温为40℃,流动相为水含0.1%甲酸(A)-甲醇含0.1%甲酸(B),梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min^(-1),多反应检测扫描采集模式,正负离子同时扫描进行数据采集。同时采用ELISA法测定,样品采用甲醇提取,酶联免疫试剂盒反应。结果UPLC-MS/MS法测定:黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2线性关系良好,检测限分别为0.0135,0.0029,0.0086,0.0036μg·kg^(-1),定量限分别为0.0450,0.0098,0.0286,0.0119μg·kg^(-1),平均回收率分别为98.98%,100.32%,98.53%,99.56%,RSD≤2.42%(n=9)。ELISA法测定:黄曲霉毒素B1和总量的定量限分别为0.16,0.08μg·kg^(-1),检出限分别为0.05,0.02μg·kg^(-1),平均回收率分别为93.07%,89.67%,RSD≤13.99%(n=9)。两种方法测定结果的标准偏差在3.46%~7.63%之间。结论UPLC-MS/MS法的定量限低,检测限较低,加样回收率高,灵敏度和准确度较高,结果可靠。与UPLC-MS/MS法相比,ELISA法测定胖大海中黄曲霉毒素总量和黄曲霉毒素B1结果差异较小,未出现假阳性等情况。

肝内胆管结石病腹腔镜肝切除的关键技术与流程优化

肝内胆管结石病简称肝石病,是我国常见而难治的良性胆道疾患.循证医学研究表明腹腔镜肝切除安全有效.但肝石病有其自身独特的临床病理特点,在精准肝切除及加速康复外科时代,其腹腔镜肝切除亦有自身的关键技术和操作流程.关键技术包括个体化操作孔选择、入肝血流阻断、解剖性肝切除、精细断肝和其他联合技术等.其合理操作流程可能为先行肝切除,后行肝外胆管切开取石;肝切除时应优先解剖肝门、阻断患侧入肝血流,再离断肝周韧带和黏连.

超声引导下射频消融术与微创切除术治疗小肝癌的远期预后比较

目的比较超声引导下射频消融术与微创切除术治疗小肝癌的疗效。方法选取2015年3月—2018年4月海南省中医院接受治疗的80例小肝癌患者,根据自愿原则分为消融组和切除组,每组40例。消融组接受超声引导下射频消融术治疗,切除组接受微创切除术。比较两组肝功能[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)]、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC3)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)]、循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、并发症、术后复发率及生存率。结果两组患者术前ALT、AST、TBIL水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。消融组术后ALT、AST、TBIL水平低于切除组(P<0.05)。两组患者手术前与手术后CEA、GPC3、AFP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术前HGF、CTC水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。消融组术后HGF、CTC水平低于切除组(P<0.05)。消融组术后并发症发生率低于切除组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后3年总生存率、术后3年复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与微创切除术比较,超声引导下射频消融治疗小肝癌在减少肝功能损伤、术后并发症方面具有一定优势,且可在一定程度上降低HGF和CTC水平,两者具有相似的远期预后效果。

Experimental study on operative methods of pancreaticojejunostomy with reference to anastomotic patency and postoperative pancreatic exocrine function

AIM:To assess the patency of pancreaticoenterostomy and pancreatic exocrine function after three surgical methods. METHODS: A pig model of pancreatic ductal dilation was made by ligating the main pancreatic duct. After 4 wk ligation, a total of 36 piglets were divided randomly into four groups. The piglets in the control group underwent laparotomy only; the others were treated by three anastomoses: (1) end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy invagination (EEPJ); (2) end-to-side duct-to- mucosa sutured anastomosis (ESPJ); or (3) binding pancreaticojejunostomy (BPJ). Anastomotic patency was assessed after 8 wk by body weight gain, intrapancreatic ductal pressure, pancreatic exocrine function secretin test, pancreatography, and macroscopic and histologic features of the anastomotic site. RESULTS: The EEPJ group had significantly slower weight gain than the ESPJ and BPJ groups on postoperative weeks 6 and 8 (P < 0.05). The animals in both the ESPJ and BPJ groups had a similar body weight gain.Intrapancreatic ductal pressure was similar in ESPJ and BPJ. However, pressure in EEPJ was significantly higher than that in ESPJ and BPJ (P < 0.05). All three functional parameters, the secretory volume, the flow rate of pancreatic juice, and bicarbonate concentration, were significantly higher in ESPJ and BPJ as compared to EEPJ (P < 0.05). However, the three parameters were similar in ESPJ and BPJ. Pancreatography performed after EEPJ revealed dilation and meandering of the main pancreatic duct, and the anastomotic site exhibited a variable degree of occlusion, and even blockage. Pancreatography of ESPJ and BPJ, however, showed normal ductal patency. Histopathology showed that the intestinal mucosa had fused with that of the pancreatic duct, with a gradual and continuous change from one to the other. For EEPJ, the portion of the pancreatic stump protruding into the jejunal lumen was largely replaced by cicatricial fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: A mucosa-to-mucosa pancreatico- jejunostomy is the best choice for anastomotic patency when compared with EEPJ. BPJ can effectively maintain anastomotic patency and preserve pancreatic exocrine function as well as ESPJ.

Study on vibration of dragon wash basin and free surface waves inside

We conducted experimental and numerical studies on the vibrating modes of a dragon wash basin (DWB) and the free surface waves inside the DWB. Both the vibration of the DWB and the sound produced were studied carefully. It was found that the DWB can be excited at different intrinsic modes under different excitation, including striking and rubbing it fast/slowly. However, with gentle rubbing, the DWB will be excited mainly at the first vibrating mode. We showed that the concave side wall of a DWB decreases the intrinsic frequencies (compared with a straight side wall), and the ears of a DWB lead to breaking of the vibrating-axisymmetry and cause the separation of modes I/II and IV/V as well. A theoretical model, in which the water is assumed to be incompressible and inviscid, is applied to the first order vibration and predicts the relation of vibrating frequency versus water depth in the system. The measurement shows that both the radial and azimuthal waves are produced as DWB is working. The frequency of the first component of the surface wave is twice as large as the second one induced by non-linear effects. For both the radial and azimuthal waves, the dispersion relation is presented in the framework of capillary wave theory.

Wetting failure condition on rough surfaces

Wetting states and processes attract plenty of interest of scientific and industrial societies. Air entrainment, i.e.,wetting failure, on smooth plate in wetting process has been investigated carefully before. Liquid bath entries of "rough"silicon wafers are studied experimentally in the present work, and the air entrainment condition is analyzed specially with the lubrication theory. The roughness effects on the moving contact lines are therefore explored. The contact line pinning is found to be the main reason for the dynamically enhanced hydrophobicity of rough surface, which implies an effective microscopic contact angle of θ_e = θ_Y + 90° where θY is the Young's contact angle of the material. Our results suggest that the solid surfaces can be considered as hydrophobic ones for a wide range of dynamic process, since they are normally rough. The work can also be considered as a starting point for investigating the high-speed advancing of moving contact line on rough surfaces.

Network Pharmacology Bridges Traditional Application and Modern Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has developed over thousands of years and has accumulated abundant clinical experience, forming a comprehensive and unique medical system. Emerging evidence has begun to illustrate TCM as an area of important medical rediscoveries. This review article briefly introduced the concept, significance, and technology of network pharmacology based on network biology and systems biology. It focused on the theoretical system and potential prospect of TCM network applied in TCM research and development including predicting new drug targets, action mechanism, new drug discovery; evaluating pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicology, quality control, and bioinformatics of drugs. We also discussed the opportunities and challenges in the development and application of network pharmacology in the modernization of TCM research.

Phytochemistry,Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.

Compound jet generated from an impacted concave dual-layer liquid surface

By impacting a concave dual-layer liquid(with the oil and the dyed water)surface in a test tube,a compound jet with a water core and an oil shell is generated.The velocities of the jet's head(Vj)and the oil-water interface(Vj')are experimentally determined against the initial thickness and the viscosity of the upper layer liquid.The results show that the oil-water interface can be roughly regarded as a pure material surface,whose velocity can be determined from the jet velocity and the initial location(or the film thickness).Furthermore,the effective density,viscosity and surface tension of the compound jet are used to evaluate the jetting velocity.The previous scaling relation for a single liquid jet can be used to give a good prediction with the effective quantities.The results of this paper can be used for the compound jet/droplet preparation.

A numerical study of the early-stage dynamics of a bubble cluster

The dynamics of multiple cavitating bubbles is numerically simulated,with the ambient pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure,using a pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)coupled with the Camahan-Starling equation of state.Dual-bubble and multi-bubble systems are tested,and the method for the bubble cluster is validated.It is found that the bubble can either grow or collapse in the early stage,depending on the configuration of the bubble cluster,characterized by the bubble number,the inter-bubble distance and the initial radii.In the induced flow,the bubbles are mutually interacted.Scaling relations of the interaction are proposed according to the numerical results.With consideration of the interactions,the simplified Rayleigh-Plesset equations(RPEs)for multiple bubbles can describe the evolution of the bubbles approximately.The results may serve as the basis for improved cavitation models.