Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on repairing the periodontal bone of Beagle canines

Objective:To investigate the repairing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)on the Beagle canines periodontal bone defect.Methods:A total of 12 Beagle dogs with periodontal bone defect model were randomly divided into control group,LIPUS group,guided tissue regeneration(GTR)group and LIPUS+GTR group,with three in each.After completion of the models,no other proceeding was performed in control group;LIPUS group adopt direct exposure to radiation line LIPUS processing 1 week after modeling;GTR group adopted treatment with GTR,following the CTR standard operation reference;LIPUS+GTR group was treated with LIPUS joint GTR.Temperature change before treatment and histopathological change of periodontal tissue after repair was observed.Results:There was no significant difference in temperature changes of periodontal tissue between groups(P>0.05).The amount and maturity of LIPUS+GTR group were superior to other groups;new cementum,dental periodontal bones of GTR group were superior to the control group but less than LIPUS group;new collagen and maturity of the control group is not high relatively.Conclusions:LIPUS can accelerate the calcium salt deposition and new bone maturation,thus it can serve as promoting periodontal tissue repair,and shortening the periodontal tissue repair time.

Breast Milk Lead and Cadmium Levels in Suburban Areas of Nanjing,China

Objective To evaluate levels of lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) in the breast milk in the second postpartum month,to investigate the relationship between Pb/Cd levels in breast milk and some sociodemographic parameters,and to explore whether these levels affect the infants' physical status or the mothers' psychological status(postpartum depression).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2009 and December 2010.Altogether 170 healthy mothers were enrolled from Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital.The inclusion criteria were:voluntary to participate in this study,healthy,with no chronic disease,breastfeeding in the second postpartum month,living in a suburban but not non-industrial area of Nanjing,and not occupationally exposed to toxic metals.All the mothers completed a questionnaire and were evaluated based on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) to identify the risk of postpartum depression.Pb and Cd levels in breast milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.The infants of these mothers were examined for their z scores of weight for age,length for age,head circumference for age,and body mass index for age.Results The median breast milk levels of Pb and Cd were 40.6 μg/L and 0.67 μg/L,respectively.In 164(96.5%) of the 170 samples,Pb levels were higher than the limit reported by the World Health Organization(> 5 μg/L).Breast milk Cd level was > 1 μg/L in 54(31.8%) mothers.The mothers with a history of anemia had a higher breast milk Pb level than those without a history of anemia(41.1 μg/L vs.37.9 μg/L,P = 0.050).The median breast milk Cd level in those who were active and passive smokers during pregnancy was significantly higher than that in non-smokers(0.88 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.025).The breast milk Cd level in the mothers not taking iron and vitamin supplements for 2 months postpartum was higher than in those taking the supplements(iron supplement:0.74 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.025;vitamin supplement:0.78 μg/L vs.0.00 μg/L,P = 0.005).Breast milk Cd level at the second postpartum month was negatively correlated with the z scores of head circumference(r = 0.248,P = 0.042) and weight for age at birth(r = 0.241,P = 0.024) in girls.No correlation was found between the breast milk Pb/Cd levels and the EPDS scores.Conclusion Considering the high levels of Pb and Cd in breast milk in this study,breast milk monitoring programs are necessary.