Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event,and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis.To date,approximately 15 cases have been reported.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma,which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors.The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache.During hospitalization,brain computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma.Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung,which were likely lung cancer.Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region,which was considered malignant.Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.

Serum response factor promotes axon regeneration following spinal cord transection injury

Studies have snown that serum response factor is beneficaial for axonar regeneration of peripheral herves.However,Its role after central nervous system injury remains unclear. In this study,we established a rat model of T9-T10 spinal cord transection injury.We found that the expression of serum response factor in injured spinal cord gray matter neurons gradually increased with time,reached its peak on the 7^(th) day,and then gradually decreased.To investigate the role of serum response factor,we used lentivirus vecto rs to ove rexpress and silence serum response factor in spinal cord tissue.We found that overexpression of serum response factor promoted motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury.Qualitative observation of biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tra cing showed that ove rexpression of serum response factor increased nerve fibers in the injured spinal co rd.Additionally,transmission electron microscopy showed that axon and myelin sheath morphology was restored.Silencing serum response factor had the opposite effects of ove rexpression.These findings suggest that serum response factor plays a role in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of axonal regeneration.

Effect of a disposable endoscope precleaning kit in the cleaning procedure of gastrointestinal endoscope:A multi-center observational study

BACKGROUND Precleaning is a key step in endoscopic reprocessing.AIM To develop an effective and economic endoscope cleaning method by using a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit.METHODS Altogether,228 used gastrointestinal endoscopes were selected from five high-volume endoscopy units and precleaned by a traditional precleaning bucket(group T)or a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit(group D).Each group was further subdivided based on the replacement frequency of the cleaning solution,which was replaced every time in subgroups T1 and D1 and every several times in subgroups Ts and Ds.The adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level and residual proteins were measured three times:Before and after precleaning and after manual cleaning.RESULTS After precleaning,the precleaning kit significantly reduced the ATP levels(P=0.034)and has a more stable ATP clearance rate than the traditional precleaning bucket.The precleaning kit also saved a quarter of the cost of enzymatic detergent used during the precleaning process.After manual cleaning,the ATP levels were also significantly lower in the precleaning kit group than in the traditional precleaning bucket group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the number of uses of the cleaning solution(up to four times)has no significant impact on the cleaning effect(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Considering its economic cost and cleaning effect,the use of a disposable endoscope bedside precleaning kit can be an optimal option in the precleaning stage with the cleaning solution being replaced several times in the manual cleaning stage.

Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury

AIM:To study the effects of combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation on septic shockinduced lung and intestine injuries.METHODS:Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Group A,n = 15);septic shock group(Group B,n = 15);early fluid resuscitation-treated septic shock group(Group C,n = 15);and early fluid resuscitation and inhalation of 2% hydrogentreated septic shock group(Group D,n = 15).The activity of hydroxyl radicals,myeloperoxidase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),diamine oxidase(DAO),and the concentration of malonaldehyde(MDA) in the lung and intestinal tissue were assessed according to the corresponding kits.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to detect the pathology of the lung and intestine.The expression levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung and intestine tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.The expression levels of Fas and Bcl2 in lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS:Septic shock elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA(10.17 ± 1.12 nmol/mg protein vs 2.98 ± 0.64 nmol/mg protein) and MPO(6.79 ± 1.02 U/g wet tissue vs 1.69 ± 0.14 U/g wet tissue) in lung tissues.These effects were not significantly decreased by Group C pretreatment,but were significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment(MDA:4.45 ± 1.13 nmol/mg protein vs 9.56 ± 1.37 nmol/mg protein;MPO:2.58 ± 0.21 U/g wet tissue vs 6.02 ± 1.16 U/g wet tissue).The activity of SOD(250.32 ± 8.56 U/mg protein vs 365.78 ± 10.26 U/mg protein) in lung tissues was decreased after septic shock,and was not significantly increased by Group C pretreatment,but was significantly enhanced by Group D pretreatment(331.15 ± 9.64 U/mg protein vs 262.98 ± 5.47 U/mg protein).Histological evidence of lung hemorrhage,neutrophil infiltration and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α was observed in lung tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further alleviated by Group D pretreatment.Septic shock also elicited a significant increase in the levels of MDA,MPO and DAO(6.54 ± 0.68 kU/L vs 4.32 ± 0.33 kU/L) in intestinal tissues,all of which were further increased by Group C,but significantly reduced by Group D pretreatment.Increased Chiu scoring and overexpression of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were observed in intestinal tissues,all of which were attenuated by Group C and further attenuated by Group D pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation may protect the lung and intestine of the septic shock rats from the damage induced by oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction.

Effects of four Bifidobacteria on obesity in high-fat diet induced rats

AIM:To compare the effects of four Bifidobacteria strains(Bifidobacteria L66-5,L75-4,M13-4 and FS31-12,originated from normal human intestines) on weight gain,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism in an obese murine model induced by high-fat diet.METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups.Control group received standard chow,model group received high-fat diet,and intervention groups received high-fat diet added with different Bifidobacteria strains isolated from healthy volunteers' fresh feces.All rats were executed at the 6th weekend.Body weight(BW),obese indexes,oral glucose tolerance test,serum and liver lipid and serum insulin(INS) were tested.Liver lipid deposition was classif ied pathologically.RESULTS:Compared with the model group,B.M13-4 improved BW gains(264.27 ± 26.91 vs 212.55 ± 18.54,P = 0.001) while B.L66-5 induced a decrease in BW(188.47 ± 11.96 vs 212.55 ± 18.54,P = 0.043).The rest two strains had no significant change in BW.All the four strains can reduce serum and liver triglyceride and significantly alleviate the lipid deposition in liver.All strains showed a trend of lowing serum and liver total cholesterol while B.L66-5 and B.FS31-12 did so more significantly.In addition,all the four strains showed no significant differences in serum INS and glucose level.CONCLUSION:The response of energy metabolism to administration of Bifidobacteria is strain dependent.Different strains of Bifidobacteria might drive different directions of fat distribution.

Ulcerative colitis as a polymicrobial infection characterized by sustained broken mucus barrier

To reduce medication for patients with ulcerative colitis(UC),we need to establish the etiology of UC.The intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has been shown to differ from that of healthy controls and abundant data indicate that it changes in both composition and localization.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is significantly higher in IBD patients compared with controls.Probiotics have been investigated for their capacity to reduce the severity of UC.The luminal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract are covered by a mucus layer.This normally acts as a barrier that does not allow bacteria to reach the epithelial cells and thus limits the direct contact between the host and the bacteria.The mucus layer in the colon comprises an inner layer that is firmly adherent to the intestinal mucosa,and an outer layer that can be washed off with minimal rinsing.Some bacteria can dissolve the protective inner mucus layer.Defects in renewal and formation of the inner mucus layer allow bacteria to reach the epithelium and have implications for the causes of colitis.In this review,important elements of UC pathology are thought to be the intestinal bacteria,gut mucus,and the mucosa-associated immune system.

Expression and significance of VEGF and p53 in rat degenerated intervertebral disc tissues

Objective:To discuss the expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and p53 expression in rat degenerated intervertebral disc(IVD) tissues.Methods:A total of 78 even-aged Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(observation group) were chosen to establish a rat IVD degeneration model with anterior limbs and tail-removing method.Three months after modeling, rats were executed and degenerated IVD tissues were obtained for pathological biopsy so as to observe VEGF and p53 expression thereof.Meanwhile,IVD tissues from 8 healthy rats were gained for comparison.Results:Capillary infiltration was found in 62.8%of cases in observation group. Positive expression of VEGF and p53 was seen in 74.4%and 59.0%of cases respectively with a co-expression rate of 53.8%.VECF and p53 expression in degenerated IVD tissues with capillary infiltration was higher than that in non-infiltration group(P【0.05).Conclasion:A coordinate expression of VEGF and p53 in rat degenerated IVD tissues is demonstrated,indicating that they are both involved in neovascularization and infiltration,which accelerates IVD degeneration.

硬质支气管镜联合可弯曲支气管镜治疗12例气道良性肿瘤的临床分析

目的探讨硬质支气管镜联合可弯曲支气管镜治疗气道良性肿瘤的效果、安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年12月-2019年10月咸阳市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科通过硬质支气管镜介入联合可弯曲支气管镜治疗的气道良性肿瘤12例。观察治疗前后患者临床表现、气道内径、气促指数、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)的变化情况,并对不同类型气道良性肿瘤影像学、镜下表现进行分析。结果采用硬质支气管镜介入联合可弯曲支气管镜治疗后,12例患者临床表现均得到明显改善,治疗前后气道内径和FEV1变化情况比较,差异均有统计学意义,且气促指数明显改善,治疗过程中1例患者出血较多,约30 mL,使用球囊压迫止血后好转,无1例患者死亡。结论应用硬质支气管镜介入联合可弯曲支气管镜治疗气道良性肿瘤,可以快速清除瘤体组织,缓解气道狭窄,改善患者临床症状,是一种高效、安全的方法,具有良好的临床应用前景。

Lactobacillus species shift in distal esophagus of high-fat-diet-fed rats

AIM： To analyze the microbiota shift in the dista esophagus of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS： Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into high-fat diet and normal control groups of 10 rats each. The composition of microbiota in the mucosa from the distal esophagus was analyzed based on se- lective culture. A variety of Lactobacillus species were identified by molecular biological techniques. Bacterial DNA from Lactobacillus colonies was extracted, and 165 rDNA was amplified by PCR using bacterial uni- versal primers. The amplified 16S rDNA products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. Every single band was purified from the gel and sent to be sequenced. RESULTS： Based on mucosal bacterial culturing in the distal esophagus, Staphylococcus aureus was absent, and total anaerobes and Lactobacillus species were de- creased significantly in the high-fat diet group compared with the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）. Detailed DGGE analysis on the composition of Lactobacillus species in the distal esophagus revealed that Lactobacillus crispa- tus, Lactobacillus gasseri （L. gasser/] and Lactobacillus reuteri （L. reuterl] comprised the Lactobacillus species in the high-fat diet group, while the composition of Lactobacillus species in the normal control group consisted of L. gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii and L. reuteri. CONCLUSION： High-fat diet led to a mucosal micro- flora shift in the distal esophagus in rats, especially the composition of Lactobacillus species.

Astronomical Site Monitoring System at Lijiang Observatory

We installed two sets of Astronomical Site Monitoring Systems(ASMSs)at Lijiang Observatory(GMG),for the running of the 2.4-meter Lijiang optical telescope(LJT)and the 1.6-meter Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope(Mephisto).The Mephisto is under construction.The ASMS has been running on robotic mode since 2017.The core instruments:Cloud Sensor,All-Sky Camera and AutonomousDIMM that are developed by our group,together with the commercial Meteorological Station and Sky Quality Meter,are combined into the astronomical optical site monitoring system.The new Cloud Sensor's Cloud-Clear Relationship is presented for the first time,which is used to calculate the All-Sky cloud cover.We designed the Autonomous-DIMM located on a tower,with the same height as LJT.The seeing data have been observed for a full year.ASMS's data for the year 2019 are also analysed in detail,which are valuable to observers.

Lactobacillus crispatus M206119 exacerbates murine DSS-colitis by interfering with inflammatory responses

AIM： TO investigate the role of Lactobacillus crispatus （L. crispatus） strain China Center for Type Culture Col- lection （CCTCC） M206119 in intestinal inflammation.METHODS： Forty 8-wk-old Balb/c mice （20± 2 g） were divided into four groups of 10 mice each. Three groups that had received dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） were administered normal saline, sulfasalazine or CCTCC M206119 strain, and the fourth group received none of these. We assessed the severity of colitis using a disease activity index, measured the colon length and weight, collected stools and mesenteric lymph nodes for bacterial microflora analysis. One centimeter of the proximal colon, middle colon and distal colon were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in ethanol, and embedded in paraffin. Interleukin （IL）- 1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α expression was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protective factors zonula occludens （ZO）-1 and β-defensin 2 were detected by immunoblot-ting. The features of CCTCC M206119 strain were identified based on morphology, biochemical profile, and 16S RNA sequencing.RESULTS： DSS-colitis animals treated with CCTCC M206119 had markedly more severe disease, with greater weight loss, diarrhea, fecal bleeding, and shortened colon length. In addition, the CCTCC-M206119- treated group had comparatively higher histologi- cal scores and more neutrophil infiltration than the controls. Expression of protective factors ZO-1 and β-defensin 2 was downregulated due to destruction of the mucosal barrier after CCTCC M206119 strain treatment. An in vitro assay demonstrated that CCTCC M206119 strain increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB in epithelial cells. Intestinal proinflam- matory or anti-inflammatory cytokine responses were evaluated. Proinflammatory colonic cytokine （IL-Iβ, IL-6 and TNF-α） levels were clearly increased in CCTCC- M206119-treated animals, whereas anti-inflammatory colonic cytokine （IL-10） level was lowered compared with saline or 5-aminosalicylic-acid-treated DSS-colitis mice. Next, CCTCC M206119 strain was characterized as 1. crispatus by microscopic morphology, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene level.CONCLUSION： Not all lactobacilli are beneficial for in- testinal inflammation, and L. crispatus CCTCC M206119 strain is involved in exacerbation of intestinal inflamma- tion in DSS-colitis mice.

Preface: The LAMOST Galactic surveys and early results

By the time of this writing, the ongoing LAMOST Galactic surveys have collected approximately 4.5 million stellar spectra with signal-to-noise ratios better than 10 per pixel. This special issue is devoted to early results from the surveys, mostly based on the LAMOST Data Release 1 （DR1; Luo et al., this volume） that contains data secured by May 2013, the end of the first year of regular surveys, al- though a few studies have made use of data collected in the second year of regular surveys. LAMOST DR1 was released to the Chinese astronomical community and international partners in August 2013 and made public to the whole world in March 2015. Here we briefly review the scope and motivation, data reduction and release, as well as early results of the surveys. As the project advances, one can expect that these surveys will yield an exquisite description of the distribution, kinematics and chemistry of Galactic stellar populations, especially those within a few kpc of the Sun, a robust measurement of the local dark matter density, and, consequently, shed light on how our Galaxy, and other galaxies in general, form and evolve.

The first data release(DR1) of the LAMOST regular survey

The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.

支气管镜下氩等离子体联合冷冻治疗支气管内型肺错构瘤临床分析

目的探讨支气管镜下氩等离子体联合冷冻治疗以支气管内型为主的肺错构瘤的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2008年4月-2016年10月咸阳市中心医院经病理确诊的支气管内型错构瘤6例患者使用荧光支气管镜进行氩等离子体联合冷冻治疗的结果和临床资料,并通过支气管镜复查和胸部CT评估治疗效果。结果 6例患者中男性5例,女性1例,经支气管镜下氩等离子体联合冷冻治疗后管腔内肿块明显消失,管腔通常,患者气促评分及第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)均明显改善,所有患者无咯血、气胸等并发症。结论使用支气管镜氩等离子体联合冷冻治疗支气管内型肺错构瘤安全、有效,适合临床应用。

LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE)——The survey's science plan

We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope＇s design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.

New planetary nebulae in the outskirts of the Andromeda Galaxy discovered with the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)

Planetary nebulae （PNe） are good tracers of the stellar populations, chemical composition and dynamics of their host galaxies. This paper reports the discovery of new PNe in the outskirts of the Andromeda Galaxy （M31） with the Guoshoujing Telescope （GSJT, formerly named the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope-LAMOST） during its early commissioning phase. In total, 36 candidates selected from SDSS photometry are confirmed in terms of their PN nature, including 17 new discoveries and another 19 previously known emission line objects. Their positions, spectra, radial velocities and m5007 magnitudes are presented. We discuss the potential for detecting more PNe in M 31 with GSJT＇s multi-object spectroscopy and the related applications in studies of the dynamics and chemistry of M 31 and its assemblage history.

Biphasic anaphylaxis manifested as type I Kounis syndrome induced by ingestion of raw fi sh gallbladder:A case report

Dear editor,Anaphylaxis and acute coronary syndromes(ACS)are discrete clinical presentations that usually present independently and are commonly treated in the emergency departments(EDs).[1]Kounis syndrome(KS)is a rare condition characterized by the coexistence of allergic reactions and ACS.KS was firstly described in detail by Kounis and Zavras in 1991 as an allergic angina syndrome.[2]The primary pathophysiological mechanism of KS is believed to be coronary artery vasospasm secondary to increased levels of infl ammatory mediators such as histamine,tryptase,platelet-activating factor,and various cytokines.[3]These inflammatory mediators are released through mast cell activation in response to a range of stimuli during episodes of allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.

A method of measuring the [α/Fe] ratios from the spectra of the LAMOST survey

The [α/Fe] ratios in stars are good tracers to probe the formation history of stellar populations and the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. The spectroscopic survey of LAMOST provides a good opportunity to determine [α/Fe] of millions of stars in the Galaxy. We present a method of measuring the [α/Fe]ratios from LAMOST spectra using the template-matching technique of the LSP3 pipeline. We use three test samples of stars selected from the ELODIE and MILES libraries, as well as the LEGUE survey to validate our method. Based on the test results, we conclude that our method is valid for measuring [α/Fe]from low-resolution spectra acquired by the LAMOST survey. Within the range of the stellar parameters Teff= [5000, 7500] K, log g = [1.0, 5.0] dex and [Fe/H]= [onsistent with values derived from high-resolution spectra,-1.5, ＋0.5] dex, our [α/Fe] measurements are c and the accuracy of our [α/Fe] measurements from LAMOST spectra is better than 0.1 dex with spectral signal-to-noise higher than 20.

New background quasars in the vicinity of the Andromeda Galaxy discovered with the Guoshoujing Telescope (LAMOST)

We present preliminary analyses of spectra of quasar candidates in two Guoshoujing Telescope （GSJT, formerly named the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope - LAMOST） test fields near M 31 where one is close to the optical center of the disk and the other is towards the northeastern outskirts of the halo, obtained during the early stage of the GSJT commissioning in the last season of 2009. Both fields contain background low-redshift quasar candidates selected from the SDSS photometry. In total, 14 new quasars with redshifts up to 2 and i magnitudes between 16.7 and 19.2, are discovered, including 7 within the 2.5° central region of M 31. We briefly discuss the potential applications of these newly discovered bright quasars.

Mapping the emission line strengths and kinematics of supernova remnant S147 with extensive LAMOST spectroscopic observations

We present extensive spectroscopic observations of supernova remnant （SNR） S 147 collected with the Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope （LAMOST）. The spectra were care- fully sky-subtracted taking into account the complex filamentary structure of S 147. We have utilized all available LAMOST spectra toward S 147, including sky and stellar spectra. By measuring the prominent optical emission lines including Ha, [NII] ）λ 6584 and [S n] λλ6717, 6731, we present maps of radial velocity and line intensity ratio covering the whole nebula of S 147 with unprecedented detail. The maps spatially correlate well with the complex filamentary structure of S147. For the central 2° of S147, the radial velocity varies from - 100 to 100 krn s^-1 and has peaks between - 0 and 10 km s^-1. The intensity ratios of Hα/[S n）λλ6717,6731, [Sn] λ 6717/λ 6731 and Ha/IN Hα/λ 6584 peak at about 0.77, 1.35 and 1.48, respectively, with a scatter of 0.17, 0.19 and 0.37, respectively. The intensity ratios are consistent with the literature values. However, the range of variations of line intensity ratios estimated here, which are representative of the whole nebula, is larger than previously estimated.