TC21合金在不同温度下进行连续多步置氢处理时的显微组织及室温力学性能

利用OM、XRD、TEM以及压缩试验等方法研究TC21钛合金经不同温度连续多步置氢处理后的显微组织及室温力学性能。结果表明:当氢处理温度超过1073 K时,α相的尺寸明显降低,β相成为主要相。随着氢处理温度的升高,δ氢化物的含量呈先增加后逐渐降低的趋势。当氢处理温度超过1073 K时,TC21钛合金在室温压缩变形过程中出现应变软化现象,且该现象随氢处理温度的升高而越来越显著。随着氢处理温度的升高,TC21钛合金的极限变形率呈先降低后增加的趋势。当氢处理温度为1123 K时,TC21钛合金的极限变形率比原始合金增加67.51%。

Carotid-subclavian bypass and endovascular aortic repair of Kommerell’s diverticulum with aberrant left subclavian artery:A case report

BACKGROUND Kommerell’s diverticulum(KD)with aberrant left subclavian artery is a rare congenital deformity and also has very little research literature about it(35%of case study).There are three types of aortic arch diverticulum.Even literature concerning the treatment options are limited.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a 50-year-old male with KD in the right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery.We conducted a total endovascular repair procedure,which is innovative and will spread more light in the medical world.Our patient has no past medical history and is a non-smoker and non-alcoholic.Patient presented with shortness of breath,chest pain and dizziness for six months.Blood tests were done and computerized tomography(CT)angiogram of the chest confirmed the diagnosis,illustrating showed a 3.9 cm KD.On Day 1,the CT angiogram showed mild dilatation of the thoracic aorta,adjacent esophagus,trachea was compressed and displaced.Surgery was planned as the treatment modality.Carotid-Subclavian artery bypass and endovascular aortic repair was conducted.We used prolene 5-0 C1 sutures to precisely anastomose a 6-mm Dacron graft to the left subclavian artery.Haemostasis was secured and wounds were closed.Protamine was administered and patient was shifted to intensive care unit.Post-operative,patient responded favorably and was discharged.Regular follow-up is done.CONCLUSION The procedure we performed is novel.This will help the cardio-thoracic surgeons a better insight about the full procedures we conducted,thereby bringing more light and better treatment options in managing KD with aberrant subclavian artery.

中老年睫毛蠕形螨感染与睑板腺功能障碍的相关性分析

目的:调查中老年睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者睫毛蠕形螨的感染情况,以分析睫毛蠕形螨感染与MGD的相关性。方法:将2017-09/2018-03于福建省老年医院眼科门诊就诊的中老年患者(年龄≥40岁),分为MGD组患者137例137眼和非MGD组患者96例96眼,进行裂隙灯下检查睑缘情况、睑板腺脂质分泌性状、角膜荧光染色及泪膜破裂时间等相关检查。同时取受检者眼部睫毛,在显微镜下查找蠕形螨并计算其数量。比较两组患者蠕形螨检出阳性率,并分析蠕形螨感染数量与睑缘评分、睑板腺脂质分泌性状评分、角膜荧光染色评分、泪膜破裂时间的相关性。结果:MGD组患者蠕形螨检出阳性率为89. 1%,高于非MGD组患者(74. 0%,P<0. 05)。蠕形螨感染数量与睑缘评分(r=0. 89,P<0. 05)、睑板腺脂质分泌性状评分(r=0. 67,P <0. 05)、角膜荧光染色评分(r=0. 35,P <0. 05)均呈正相关,与泪膜破裂时间呈负相关(r=-0. 37,P<0. 05)。非MGD组蠕形螨感染阳性患者中轻度感染率为60. 6%,显著高于MGD组(37. 7%,P<0. 05)。结论:中度及重度以上的眼部蠕形螨感染和MGD的发生密切相关,可能是中老年MGD患者的致病因素。

催产素治疗单纯性肥胖的疗效与安全性研究

目的探讨催产素(OXT)鼻内给药治疗单纯性肥胖患者的疗效与安全性。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的方法将符合研究要求的30例单纯性肥胖患者分为治疗组和安慰剂组,分别接受催产素鼻喷剂和安慰剂(生理盐水)鼻喷剂,治疗12周。观察两组治疗前后的体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、血脂及肝肾功能变化情况,评价其临床疗效和安全性。用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测两组治疗前0周和治疗后12周血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和脂联素(APN)水平。结果治疗后12周,治疗组体重、BMI、腰围、臀围下降幅度与安慰剂组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组大于安慰剂组。治疗组治疗后12周TC、TG、LDL-C与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),均有所下降,而HDL-C在治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后12周,治疗组TC、TG、LDL-C与安慰剂组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组低于安慰剂组。治疗后12周,治疗组ALT与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后12周较治疗前下降。治疗组AST、Scr、BUN治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后12周治疗组CRP下降,APN升高(P<0.05)。与安慰剂组比较,治疗后12周治疗组CRP下降,APN升高(P<0.05)。结论催产素可以减轻单纯性肥胖患者体重,还能改善血脂紊乱,改善肥胖慢性炎症状态,未发现有肝肾功能的损害。

ABCA1基因R219K多态性对格列美脲疗效的影响

目的观察三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)基因R219K多态性对格列美脲降糖疗效的影响,初步探讨格列美脲药效个体化差异的遗传学机制。方法选取76例初诊的2型糖尿病患者,给予格列美脲治疗12周,检测患者治疗前后临床生化指标。对所有患者行ABCA1基因R219K分型检测。结果 ABCA1基因R219K多态性存在3种基因型。格列美脲治疗前各基因型患者的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2h-BG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。格列美脲治疗12周后,各基因型患者FBG、2h-BG、Hb A1c水平下降(P<0.05);RK、KK基因型患者的Δ2h-BG(治疗前后差值)高于RR基因型患者(P<0.05);RK、KK基因型患者2h-BG水平低于RR基因型患者(P<0.05);RK、KK基因型患者Hb A1c水平低于RR基因型患者(P<0.05)。结论汉族2型糖尿病患者中存在ABCA1基因R219K多态性,其可能与格列美脲降糖疗效有关,RK、KK基因型患者的格列美脲降糖疗效优于RR基因型患者。

Role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture

AIM: To characterize the expression of members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad/ connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling pathway in the tissue of benign biliary stricture, and to investigate the effect of TGF-β signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture. METHODS: Paraffin embedded materials from 23 cases of benign biliary stricture were analyzed for members of the TGF-β/Smad/CTGF signaling pathway. TGF-β_1, TβRⅠ, TβRⅡ, Smad4, Smad7 and CTGF protein were detected by immunohistochemical strepto-advidinbiotin complex method, and CTGF mRNA was evaluated by hybridization in situ, while 6 cases of normal bile duct served as controls. The percentages of positive cells were counted. The correlation between TGF-β_1, Smad4 and CTGF was analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression ratios of TGF-β_1, TβRⅠ , TβRⅡ , Smad4, CTGF and CTGF mRNA in 23 cases with benign biliary stricture were 91.3%, 82.6%, 87.0%, 78.3%, 82.6% and 65.2%, respectively, signifi cantly higher than that in 6 cases of normal bile duct respectively (vs 33.3%, 16.7%, 50.0%, 33.3%, 50.0%, 16.7%, respectively, P < 0.05). The positiveexpression ratio of Smad7 in cases with benign biliary stricture was 70.0%, higher than that in normal bile duct, but this difference is not statistically signifi cant 70.0% vs 50%, P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between positive expression of TGF-β_1, Smad4 and CTGF in cases with benign biliary stricture. CONCLUSION: The high expression of TGF-β/Smad/ CTGF signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of benign biliary stricture.

Mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in enhanced malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer induced by antiangiogenesis therapy

Objective:To study the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the enhanced malignant phenotype of A549 cells of human non-small cell lung cancer induced by the antiangiogenesis therapy.Methods:The siRNA technique was employed to inhibit the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in A549 cells and simulate the clinical course of anti-angiogencsis therapy.Real-time PCR and western-blot were used to study the change in the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules at the mRNA and protein level respectively,as well as the effect on the epithelial mesenchymal transition in A549 cells.The proliferation and invasion abilities of tumor cells were detected to discuss the mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the enhanced malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer induced by the anti-angiogenesis therapy.Results:The specific siRNA could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF in cells to simulate the anti-angiogenesis therapy.Under the action of 50 nM VEGF siRNA,the proliferation ability of A549 significantly increased(P<0.05).After being treated with VEGF siRNA,the invasion ability of cells increased.Twenty-four hours after the transcription of 50 nM siRNA into cells,the number of cells that come through the membrane was278.3 ± 12.9.Compared with the Ctrl siRNA group,when VEGF was inhibited,the expression ofβ-catenin and Cyclin D1 increased by 86%and 55%respectively.Meanwhile,the expression of E-cadherin decreased,while the one of vimentin increased.Conclusions:siRNA can significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF.For the anti-angiogencsis therapy,the inhibited expression of VEGF can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to cause the epithelial mesenchymal transition and then the enhanced malignant phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer.

ZD7288, a selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blocker, inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity

The selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated（HCN） channel blocker 4-（N-ethyl-N-phenylamino）-1,2-dimethyl-6-（methylamino） pyrimidinium chloride（ZD7288） blocks the induction of long-term potentiation in the perforant path-CA3 region in rat hippocampus in vivo. To explore the mechanisms underlying the action of ZD7288, we recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials in perforant path-CA3 synapses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured glutamate content in the hippocampus and in cultured hippocampal neurons using high performance liquid chromatography, and determined intracellular Ca2＋ concentration（[Ca2＋]i） using Fura-2. ZD7288 inhibited the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation, and these effects were mirrored by the nonspecific HCN channel blocker cesium. ZD7288 also decreased glutamate release in hippocampal tissue and in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, ZD7288 attenuated glutamate-induced rises in [Ca2＋]i in a concentration-dependent manner and reversed 8-Br-c AMP-mediated facilitation of these glutamate-induced [Ca2＋]i rises. Our results suggest that ZD7288 inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity both glutamate release and resultant [Ca2＋]i increases in rat hippocampal neurons.

Separation of alumina and silica from metakaolinite by reduction roasting-alkaline leaching process: Effect of CaSO_(4) and CaO

Limestone(CaCO3),which could promote sulfur fixation,was added to coal gangue during roasting in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler.CaO and CaSO_(4) were the main Ca-bearing minerals while metakaolinite was the major Al-bearing mineral in CFB slag.The effect of CaSO_(4) and CaO on the separation of alumina and silica from metakaolinite by reduction roasting−alkaline leaching process was studied.Results showed that metakaolinite was completely converted into hercynite and silica solid solutions(i.e.,quartz and cristobalite solid solutions)by reduction roasting with hematite.More than 95%of silica in the reduced specimen was removed by alkaline leaching.The addition of CaSO_(4) and CaO remarkably decreased the separation efficiency of alumina and silica in metakaolinite,which could be attributed to the formation of Si-bearing minerals:(1)Fayalite and anorthite were formed during the reduction roasting process;(2)Fayalite was stable while anorthite was converted into sodalite and wollastonite during the alkaline leaching process.This study demonstrates that sulfur in coal gangue should be fixed by treating the exhaust gas instead of controlling the combustion process of CFB to achieve the comprehensive recovery of silica and alumina from the CFB slag.

Whole-genome resequencing reveals molecular imprints of anthropogenic and natural selection in wild and domesticated sheep

The abundance of domesticated sheep varieties and phenotypes is largely the result of long-term natural and artificial selection. However, there is limited information regarding the genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation induced by the domestication and improvement of sheep. In this study, to explore genomic diversity and selective regions at the genome level, we sequenced the genomes of 100 sheep across 10 breeds and combined these results with publicly available genomic data from 225 individuals, including improved breeds, Chinese indigenous breeds,African indigenous breeds, and their Asian mouflon ancestor. Based on population structure, the domesticated sheep formed a monophyletic group,while the Chinese indigenous sheep showed a clear geographical distribution trend. Comparative genomic analysis of domestication identified several selective signatures, including IFI44 and IFI44L genes and PANK2 and RNF24 genes, associated with immune response and visual function.Population genomic analysis of improvement demonstrated that candidate genes of selected regions were mainly associated with pigmentation,energy metabolism, and growth development.Furthermore, the IFI44 and IFI44L genes showed a common selection signature in the genomes of 30domesticated sheep breeds. The IFI44 c. 54413058C>G mutation was selected for genotyping and population genetic validation. Results showed that the IFI44 polymorphism was significantly associated with partial immune traits. Our findings identified the population genetic basis of domesticated sheep at the whole-genome level, providing theoretical insights into the molecular mechanism underlying breed characteristics and phenotypic changes during sheep domestication and improvement.

RING finger and WD repeat domain 3 regulates proliferation and metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)exhibits high invasiveness and mortality rates,and the molecular mechanisms of HCC have gained increasing research interest.The abnormal DNA damage response has long been recognized as one of the important factors for tumor occurrence and development.Recent studies have shown the potential of the protein RING finger and WD repeat domain 3(RFWD3)that positively regulates p53 stability in response to DNA damage as a therapeutic target in cancers.AIM To investigate the relationship between HCC and RFWD3 in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying molecular signalling transduction pathways.METHODS RFWD3 gene expression was analyzed in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues.Lentivirus was used to stably knockdown RFWD3 expression in HCC cell lines.After verifying the silencing efficiency,Celigo/cell cycle/apoptosis and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis.Subsequently,cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing and transwell assays.In addition,transduced cells were implanted subcutaneously and injected into the tail vein of nude mice to observe tumor growth and metastasis.Next,we used lentiviral-mediated rescue of RFWD3 shRNA to verify the phenotype.Finally,the microarray,ingenuity pathway analysis,and western blot analysis were used to analyze the regulatory network underlying HCC.RESULTS Compared with adjacent tissues,RFWD3 expression levels were significantly higher in clinical HCC tissues and correlated with tumor size and TNM stage(P<0.05),which indicated a poor prognosis state.RFWD3 silencing in BEL-7404 and HCC-LM3 cells increased apoptosis,decreased growth,and inhibited the migration in shRNAi cells compared with those in shCtrl cells(P<0.05).Furthermore,the in vitro results were supported by the findings of the in vivo experiments with the reduction of tumor cell invasion and migration.Moreover,the rescue of RFWD3 shRNAi resulted in the resumption of invasion and metastasis in HCC cell lines.Finally,gene expression profiling and subsequent experimental verification revealed that RFWD3 might influence the proliferation and metastasis of HCC via the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.CONCLUSION We provide evidence for the expression and function of RFWD3 in HCC.RFWD3 affects the prognosis,proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of HCC by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.

Blockade of HCN2 Channels Provides Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Injury via Accelerating Autophagic Degradation in Hippocampal Neurons

In the central nervous system,hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels are essential to maintain normal neuronal function.Recent studies have shown that HCN channels may be involved in the pathological process of ischemic brain injury,but the mechanisms remain unclear.Autophagy is activated in cerebral ischemia,but its role in cell death/survival remains controversial.In this study,our results showed that the HCN channel blocker ZD7288 remarkably decreased the percentage of apoptotic neurons and corrected the excessive autophagy induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion(OGD/R)in hippocampal HT22 neurons.Furthermore,in the OGD/R group,p-mTOR,p-ULK1(Ser757),and p62 were significantly decreased,while p-ULK1(Ser317),atg5,and beclin1 were remarkably increased.ZD7288 did not change the expression of p-ULK1(Ser757),ULK1(Ser317),p62,Beclin1,and atg5,which are involved in regulating autophagosome formation.Besides,we found that OGD/R induced a significant increase in Cathepsin D expression,but not LAMP-1.Treatment with ZD7288 at 10μmol/L in the OGD/R group did not change the expression of cathepsin D and LAMP-1.However,chloroquine(CQ),which decreases autophagosome-lysosome fusion,eliminated the correction of excessive autophagy and neuroprotection by ZD7288.Besides,shRNA knockdown of HCN2 channels significantly reduced the accumulation of LC3-Ⅱand increased neuron survival in the OGD/R and transient global cerebral ischemia(TGCI)models,and CQ also eliminated the effects of HCN2-shRNA.Furthermore,we found that the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes decreased in Con-shRNAtransfected HT22 neurons exposed to OGD/R or CQ.In HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons,the percentage of LC3-positive puncta that co-localized with LAMP-1-positive lysosomes increased under OGD/R;however,the percentage was significantly decreased by the addition of CQ to HCN2-shRNA-transfected HT22 neurons.The present results demonstrated that blockade of HCN2 channels provides neuroprotection against OGD/R and TGCI by accelerating autophagic degradation attributable to the promotion of autophagosome and lysosome fusion.

Solar X-ray and EUV imager on board the FY-3E satellite

The solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager(X-EUVI),developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CIOMP),is the first space-based solar X-ray and Extreme ultraviolet(EUV)imager of China loaded on the Fengyun-3E(FY-3E)satellite supported by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)for solar observation.Since started work on July 11,2021,X-EUVI has obtained many solar images.The instrument employs an innovative dual-band design to monitor a much larger temperature range on the Sun,which covers 0.6-8.0 nm in the X-ray region with six channels and 19.5 nm in the EUV region.X-EUVI has a field of view of 42′,an angular resolution of 2.5″per pixel in the EUV band and an angular resolution of 4.1″per pixel in the X-ray band.The instrument also includes an X-ray and EUV irradiance sensor(X-EUVS)with the same bands as its imaging optics,which measures the solar irradiance and regularly calibrates the solar images.The radiometric calibration of X-EUVS on the ground has been completed,with a calibration accuracy of 12%.X-EUVI is loaded on the FY-3E satellite and rotates relative to the Sun at a uniform rate.Flat-field calibration is conducted by utilizing successive rotation solar images.The agreement between preliminarily processed X-EUVI images and SDO/AIA and Hinode/XRT images indicates that X-EUVI and the data processing algorithm operate properly and that the data from X-EUVI can be applied to the space weather forecast system of CMA and scientific investigations on solar activity.