添加In对SAC305焊料显微组织和性能的影响

在Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(SAC305)焊料中熔入0.5%~10%(质量分数)的In粉以改变钎料的显微组织,进而改善焊料的性能。实验结果表明:β-Sn(In)、Ag_(3)(Sn,In)和Cu_(6)(Sn,In)_(5)相存在于所有的含In钎料中,在SAC305-10In焊料中发现了InSn_(4)物相。随着In含量的增加,β-Sn晶粒形核点增加,其形核模型由{101}转变为{301},从而细化β-Sn晶粒,使得β-Sn的形态由粗大晶粒转变为交错晶粒,最后转变为多晶粒。结果表明,这种β-Sn晶粒形态转变引起细晶强化与固溶强化的联合作用,使得SAC305-xIn焊料的显微硬度随着In添加量的增加而显著升高。

小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼的中远期疗效

目的:观察小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼的中远期临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2010-01/2022-09于云南大学附属医院行小梁切除术治疗的色素性青光眼患者38例51眼的临床资料。术后随访3~144mo,分析纳入患者的眼压、视力及屈光状态,记录并发症情况,评估手术疗效。结果:纳入患者术前平均使用降眼压药物种类2.90±0.12种,平均眼压18.89±7.40mmHg,术后3d, 1、3、6mo, 1a、末次随访时平均眼压分别为14.68±5.08、13.99±2.95、14.25±2.50、14.36±2.83、14.33±2.66、14.94±1.95mmHg,术后各时间点眼压均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),术后各时间点眼压均无明显差异(P>0.05)。随访期间,纳入患者视力基本保持稳定,均无眼内炎、恶性青光眼发生。末次随访时,手术完全成功率为90%,部分成功率为8%,失败率为2%。结论:小梁切除术治疗色素性青光眼可以解除反向瞳孔阻滞,有效控制眼压、稳定视力,是安全有效的治疗方法。

氯离子通道蛋白-3对宫颈癌细胞生长、转移的影响

目的探讨氯离子通道蛋白-3(CIC-3)对宫颈癌细胞生长和转移的影响。方法通过免疫组织化学、qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测60例宫颈鳞癌组织和相应癌旁组织中CIC-3的表达。使用靶向CIC-3的siRNA转染SiHa细胞,并通过CCK-8、流式细胞术、伤口愈合实验和Transwell实验考察CIC-3对细胞生长和转移的影响。使用Western blotting检测细胞中PI3K、p-AKT、Bcl-2和p21的表达。此外,通过将转染CIC-3siRNA的SiHa细胞接种到BALB/c-nu/nu裸鼠背部复制体内肿瘤异种移植模型。结果免疫组织化学染色结果显示,CIC-3蛋白主要表达于子宫颈鳞状上皮细胞胞质区。癌组织CIC-3的阳性染色评分、CIC-3 mRNA相对表达量、CIC-3/β-actin相对表达量较癌旁组织高(P <0.05)。SiHa细胞CIC-3 mRNA相对表达量、CIC-3/β-actin相对表达量较H8细胞高(P <0.05)。不同肿瘤直径、TNM分期和是否有淋巴结转移患者CIC-3高表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。下调CIC-3能抑制SiHa细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并促进细胞凋亡(P <0.05)。在接种si-CIC-3转染的细胞后,裸鼠的肿瘤体积变小(P <0.05)。下调CIC-3能抑制PI3K、p-AKT和Bcl-2的蛋白表达,但促进p21的表达。结论 CIC-3在宫颈鳞癌中高表达,下调CIC-3可抑制宫颈鳞癌的生长和转移。CIC-3对宫颈鳞癌细胞凋亡的调控作用部分通过PI3K-AKT信号通路介导。

Acupuncture through Baihui (DU20) to Qubin (GB7) mitigates neurological impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage

Inflammation plays an important role in nerve defects caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. Repairing brain damage by inhibiting the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin/spleen tyrosine kinase （Mincle/Syk） signaling pathway is a potential new target for treating cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture through Baihui （DU20） to Qubin （GBT） is an effective treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage through the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established by autol- ogous blood infusion into the caudate nucleus. Acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin was performed for 30 minutes, once every 12 hours, for a total of three times. Piceatannol （34.62 mg/kg）, a Syk inhibitor, was intraperitoneally injected as a control. Modified neurological severity score was used to assess neurological function. Brain water content was measured. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay were used to detect immunoreactivity and protein expression levels of Minde, Syk, and CARD9. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine interleukin-1[~ mRNA levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes. Our re- suits showed that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin remarkably improved neurological function and brain water content, and inhibited immunoreactivity and expression of Mincle, Syk, CARDg, and interkeukin-1β Moreover, this effect was similar to piceatannol. These find- ings suggest that acupuncture through Baihui to Qubin can improve neurological impairment after cerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the Mincle/Syk signaling pathway.

Venous thromboembolism in the emergency department:A survey of current best practice awareness in physicians and nurses in China

BACKGROUND: For emergency department(ED) patients, risk assessment, prophylaxis, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of venous thromboembolism(VTE) are essential for preventing morbidity and mortality. This study aimes to investigate knowledge amongst emergency medical staff in the management of VTE. METHODS: We designed a questionnaire based on multiple scales. The questionnaire was distributed to the medical and nursing clinical staff in the large urban ED of a medical center in Northern China. Data was described with percentages and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare ranked data between different groups. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 22.0 software.RESULTS: In this survey, 180 questionnaires were distributed and 174 valid responses(response rate of 96.67%) were collected and analyzed. In scores of VTE knowledge, no signifi cant differences were found with respect to job(doctor vs. nurse), the number of years working in clinical medicine, education level, and current position, previous hospital experience and nurses' current work location within the ED. However, in pair wise comparison, we found participants who worked in ED for more than 5 years(n=83) scored signifi cantly higher on the questionnaire than those under 5 years(n=91)(95.75 vs. 79.97, P=0.039). There was a signifi cant difference in some questions based on gender, age, job, and nurse work location, number of working years, education level, and different ED working lifetime.CONCLUSION: Our survey has shown defi ciencies among ED medical staff in knowledge and awareness of the management of VTE. We recommend several changes be considered, such as the introduction of an interdisciplinary workshop for medical staff; the introduction of a standardized VTE protocol; a mandatory study module on VTE for new physicians and nurses; the introduction of a mandatory reporting system for adverse events(including VTE).

Correlation between resilience and social support and anxiety in obstetric nurses

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between psychological resilience and social support and anxiety in obstetric nurses and to provide theoretical basis for improving the mental health of obstetric nurses.Methods: In this study, 190 obstetric nurses were included, using the general information questionnaire and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale, and survey of Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale.Results: There are differences in the type of work and the score of psychological resilience(P<0.05), obstetric nurses’ resilience score was 65.58±10.65; self-rating anxiety score of obstetric nurses was 36.89±6.87; and social support score of obstetric nurses was44.3717.86. The psychological elasticity score and anxiety were negatively related(P<0.01), whereas the resilience score and total score of social support were positively related(P<0.01).Conclusions: Obstetric nurses have many responsibilities and stress. Nursing managers should focus on obstetric nurses’ mental health, lighten the obstetric nurses’ anxiety, and thus improve their mental flexibility and optimize the quality of nursing service better,with more passion into work.

Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SARS patients

AIM: To investigate the role of inflammatory and anti-viral genes in the pathogenesis of SARS.METHODS: cDNA microarrays were used to screen the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in two SARS patients (one in the acute severe phase and the other in the convalescent phase)and a healthy donor. In addition, real-time qualitative PCR was also performed to verify the reproducibility of the microarray results. The data were further analyzed.RESULTS: Many inflammatory and anti-viral genes were differentially expressed in SARS patients. Compared to the healthy control or the convalescent case, plenty of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, IL-8, and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly upregulated in the acute severe case. However, anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-4 receptor, IL-13 receptor, IL-1Ra,and TNF-α-induced proteins 3 and 6 also increased dramatically in the acute severe case. On the contrary, a lot of IFN-stimulated genes like PKR, GBP-1 and 2, CXCL-10and 11, and JAK/STAT signal pathway were downregulated in the acute severe case compared to the convalescent case.CONCLUSION: Gene expression in SARS patients mirrors a host state of inflammation and anti-viral immunity at the transcription level, and understanding of gene expression profiles may make contribution to further studies of the SARS pathogenesis.

Pleomorphic lipoma in the anterior mediastinum: A case report

BACKGROUND Pleomorphic lipoma (PL) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor occurring predominantly in middle-aged and elderly men. It is typically found in the subcutaneous tissue of the posterior neck, back, and shoulders. There have also been a few reported cases in the face, scalp, and upper extremities. Currently, there is no report on its occurrence in the anterior mediastinum. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with PL in the anterior mediastinum. The tumor was removed by thoracoscopic surgery. There was no recurrence during the 24-mo follow-up period, and the prognosis was good. Most PL are located on the skin surface. However, they may also occur within the body, even in the mediastinum. CONCLUSION PL occurring in the anterior mediastinum is rare, and it may be differentiated from other tumors.

Multi-bond Network Hydrogels with Robust Mechanical and Self-healable Properties

Multi-bond network（MBN） which contains a single network with hierarchical cross-links is a suggested way to fabricate robust hydrogels. In order to reveal the roles of different cross-links with hierarchical bond energy in the MBN, here we fabricate poly（acrylic acid） physical hydrogels with dual bond network composed of ionic cross-links between carboxylFe3＋ interactions and hydrogen bonds, and compare these dually cross-linked hydrogels with singly and ternarily cross-linked hydrogels. Simple models are employed to predict the tensile property, and the results confirm that the multi-bond network with hierarchical distribution in the bond energy of cross-links endows hydrogel with effective energy-dissipating mechanism. Moreover, the dually cross-linked MBN gels exhibit excellent mechanical properties（tensile strength up to 500 k Pa, elongation at break ~ 2400%） and complete self-healing after being kept at 50 °C for 48 h. The factors on promoting self-healing are deeply explored and the dynamic multi-bonds are regarded to trigger the self-healing along with the mutual diffusion of long polymer chains and ferric ions.

Toughening Mechanism of Nanocomposite Physical Hydrogels Fabricated by a Single Gel Network with Dual Crosslinking-- The Roles of the Dual Crosslinking Points

A facile method to fabricate tough and highly stretchable polyacrylamide （PAM） nanocomposite physical hydrogel （NCP gel） was proposed. The hydrogels are dually crosslinked single network with the PAM grafted vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticles （VSNPs） as the analogous covalent crosslinking points and the reversible hydrogen bonds among the PAM chains as the physical crosslinking points. In order to further elucidate the toughening mechanism of the PAM NCP gel, especially to understand the role of the dual crosslinking points, the PAM hybrid hydrogels （H gels） and a series of poly（acrylamide-co-dimethylacrylamide） （P（AM-co-DMAA）） NCP gels were designed and fabricated. Their mechanical properties were compared with those of the PAM NCP gels. The PAM H gels are prepared by simply mixing the PAM chains with bare silica nanoparticles （SNPs）. Relative to the poor mechanical properties of the PAM H gel, the PAM NCP gel is remarkably tough and stretchable and also generates large number of micro-cracks to stop notch propagation, indicating the important role of PAM grafted VSNPs in toughening the NCP gel. In the P（AM-co-DMAA） NCP gels, the P（AM-co- DMAA） chains are grafted on VSNPs and the polydimethylacrylamide （PDMAA） only forms very weak hydrogen bonds between themselves. It is found that mechanical properties of the PAM NCP gel, such as the tensile strength and the elongation at break, are enhanced significantly, but those of the P（AM-co-DMAA） NCP gels decreased rapidly with decreasing AM content. This result reveals the role of the hydrogen bonds among the grafted polymer chains as the physical crosslinking points in toughening the NCP gel.

Tough superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite physical hydrogels fabricated by a dually cross-linked single network strategy

In this work, we report a facile method for the preparation of tough and highly stretchable physical hydrogels by dual cross-linking composed of vinyl-hybrid silica nanoparticles（VSNPs） as multivalent covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bonding as physical cross-linking. Poly（acrylic acid） nanocomposite physical hydrogels（NCP gels） are obtained without adding any organic chemical cross-linkers. When the content of VSNPs is 0.7 wt%（relative to the monomer）, the NCP gels exhibit good mechanical properties（fracture strength = 370 k Pa, elongation at break = 2200%） and a high swelling capacity in both deionized water（2300 g/g） and saline（220 g/g）. Meanwhile, the NCP gels have good recovery ability.

女性炎症性肠病患者中高危人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈瘤变:一项横断面研究

背景:采用横断面研究调查女性炎症性肠病(IBD)患者高危人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染(尤其是16和18型)和宫颈瘤变的患病率及危险因素。方法:2014年7月至2017年1月间,前瞻性入组具有性生活的中国女性IBD患者(21-60岁)及年龄匹配的对照(1:3),进行宫颈膜式液基细胞学检测(TCT)和高危HPV-DNA检测,并填写宫颈癌和HPV相关知识的问卷。宫颈瘤变分为宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)1、2和3级。结果:在124例纳入的IBD患者中(30例溃疡性结肠炎,94例克罗恩病),17例(13.7%)检测到高危HPV,其中9例(7.3%)为HPV 16/18感染,病理检查证实4例(3.2%)发生宫颈CIN(其中CIN 3级3例,1级1例)。在372例对照者中,33例(8.9%)检测到高危HPV,其中仅1例为HPV 16感染。对照组宫颈TCT仅检测到一例意义不明确的非典型鳞状细胞,无一例发现宫颈CIN。IBD组患者HPV 16/18感染率和CIN发生率均显著高于对照组(均P<0.001)。对于IBD患者,服用氨甲蝶呤(P=0.005,OR=4.74,95%CI:1.471-15.402)或两种以上免疫抑制剂者(P=0.013,OR=3.64,95%CI:1.255-10.562)HPV感染率显著增高。服用巯基嘌呤、激素、英夫利昔单抗以及疾病行为、病变部位则与HPV感染无关。在完成问卷的99例IBD患者中,仅29.3%进行过宫颈癌筛查,受调查者对HPV感染及HPV相关的宫颈癌总体认识较差。结论:女性IBD患者高危HPV感染的风险增高,可能与免疫抑制有关。推荐对所有女性IBD患者进行相关教育,并在常规随访中予以HPVDNA和TCT检测。

Phase Transition Temperature Controllable Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Nanocomposite Physical Hydrogels with High Strength

Poly（acrylamide-co-acrylic acid） nanocomposite physical （P（AAm-co-AAc）NCP） hydrogels have been prepared through the in situ free radical solution polymerization based on a ＂single network, dual cross-linkings＂ strategy. The P（AAm-co-AAc） NCP hydrogels are composed of nanobrushes of P（AAm-co-AAc） chains grafted on the surface of vinyl- hybrid silica nanoparticles （VSNPs）. In the hydrogel system, the VSNPs act as the ＂analogous chemical cross-linking points＂ once the hydrogen bonds formed between the P（AAm-co-AAc） chains of the nanobrushes, thus leading to the fabrication of high-strength P（AAm-co-AAc） NCP hydrogels. Compared with conventional thermosensitive P（AAm-co-AAc） hydrogels, the P（AAm-co-AAc） NCP hydrogels have a broader range of phase transition temperature, which can be adjusted by altering the monomer ratio, the VSNPs concentration, the addition of urea and N,N-dimethylacrylamide （DMAAm）. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the P（AAm-co-AAc） NCP hydrogels have been improved significantly by the introduction of VSNPs. Furthermore, both the phase transition and the tensile strength of the P（AAm-co-AAc） NCP hydrogels are largely influenced when Fe3＋ ions are introduced as the ionic crosslinkers into the hydrogel networks.