Structure and immunomodulatory activity of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides modified by probiotic fermentation

Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.

Degradation analysis and doping modification optimization for high-voltage P-type layered cathode in sodium-ion batteries

Advancing high-voltage stability of layered sodium-ion oxides represents a pivotal avenue for their progress in energy storage applications.Despite this,a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underpinning their structural deterioration at elevated voltages remains insufficiently explored.In this study,we unveil a layer delamination phenomenon of Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NNM)within the 2.0-4.3 V voltage,attributed to considerable volumetric fluctuations along the c-axis and lattice oxygen reactions induced by the simultaneous Ni^(3+)/Ni^(4+)and anion redox reactions.By introducing Mg doping to diminished Ni-O antibonding,the anion oxidation-reduction reactions are effectively mitigated,and the structural integrity of the P2 phase remains firmly intact,safeguarding active sites and precluding the formation of novel interfaces.The Na_(0.67)Mg_(0.05)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NMNM-5)exhibits a specific capacity of100.7 mA h g^(-1),signifying an 83%improvement compared to the NNM material within the voltage of2.0-4.3 V.This investigation underscores the intricate interplay between high-voltage stability and structural degradation mechanisms in layered sodium-ion oxides.

Numerical simulations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)from OMIP experiments and its sensitivity to surface forcing

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the Earth’s climate system and is also a key metrical tool to verify oceanic general circulation models.Two OMIP(Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 1 and 2)simulations with LICOM3(version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model)developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP),are compared in this study.Both simulations well reproduce the fundamental characteristics of the AMOC,but the OMIP1 simulation shows a significantly stronger AMOC than the OMIP2 simulation.Because the LICOM3 configurations are identical between these two experiments,any differences between them must be attributed to the surface forcing data.Further analysis suggests that sea surface salinity(SSS)differences should be mainly responsible for the enhanced AMOC in the OMIP1 simulation,but sea surface temperature(SST)also play an unignorable role in modulating AMOC.In the North Atlantic,where deep convection occurs,the SSS in OMIP1 is more saline than that in OMIP1.We find that in the major region of deep convection,the change of SSS has more significant effect on density than the change of SST.As a result,the SSS was more saline than that in OMIP2,leading to stronger deep convection and subsequently intensify the AMOC.We conduct a series of numerical experiments with LICOM3,and the results confirmed that the changes in SSS have more significant effect on the strength of AMOC than the changes in SST.

Pathfinding Pulsar Observations with the CVN Incorporating the FAST

The importance of Very Long Baseline Interferometry(VLBI)for pulsar research is becoming increasingly prominent and receiving more and more attention.We present the pathfinding pulsar observation results with the Chinese VLBI Network(CVN)incorporating the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).On MJD 60045(11th April 2023),PSRs B0919+06 and B1133+16 were observed with the phase-referencing mode in the L-band using four radio telescopes(FAST,TianMa,Haoping,and Nanshan)and correlated with the pulsar binning mode of the distributed FX-style software correlator in Shanghai.After further data processing with the NRAO Astronomical Image Processing System(AIPS),we detected these two pulsars and fitted their current positions with accuracy at the milliarcsecond level.By comparison,our results show significantly better agreement with predicted values based on historical VLBI observations than those with previous timing observations,as pulsar astrometry with the VLBI provides a more direct and model-independent method for accurately obtaining related parameters.

Twin-Capture Rydberg State Excitation Enhanced with Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

Quantum excitation is usually regarded as a transient process occurring instantaneously,leaving the underlying physics shrouded in mystery.Recent research shows that Rydberg-state excitation with ultrashort laser pulses can be investigated and manipulated with state-of-the-art few-cycle pulses.We theoretically find that the efficiency of Rydberg state excitation can be enhanced with a short laser pulse and modulated by varying the laser intensities.We also uncover new facets of the excitation dynamics,including the launching of an electron wave packet through strong-field ionization,the re-entry of the electron into the atomic potential and the crucial step where the electron makes a U-turn,resulting in twin captures into Rydberg orbitals.By tuning the laser intensity,we show that the excitation of the Rydberg state can be coherently controlled on a sub-optical-cycle timescale.Our work paves the way toward ultrafast control and coherent manipulation of Rydberg states,thus benefiting Rydberg-state-based quantum technology.

GaN based ultraviolet laser diodes

In the past few years,many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes(UV LDs).Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist.In this article,we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes,and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed.With these techniques,room temperature(RT)pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA(ultraviolet A)LD has been realized,with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm.Combining with the suppression of thermal effect,the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.

Biological Tissue-Inspired Ultrasoft,Ultrathin,and Mechanically Enhanced Microfiber Composite Hydrogel for Flexible Bioelectronics

Hydrogels offer tissue-like softness,stretchability,fracture toughness,ionic conductivity,and compatibility with biological tissues,which make them promising candidates for fabricating flexible bioelectronics.A soft hydrogel film offers an ideal interface to directly bridge thin-film electronics with the soft tissues.However,it remains difficult to fabricate a soft hydrogel film with an ultrathin configuration and excellent mechanical strength.Here we report a biological tissue-inspired ultrasoft microfiber composite ultrathin(<5μm)hydrogel film,which is currently the thinnest hydrogel film as far as we know.The embedded microfibers endow the composite hydrogel with prominent mechanical strength(tensile stress~6 MPa)and anti-tearing property.Moreover,our microfiber composite hydrogel offers the capability of tunable mechanical properties in a broad range,allowing for matching the modulus of most biological tissues and organs.The incorporation of glycerol and salt ions imparts the microfiber composite hydrogel with high ionic conductivity and prominent anti-dehydration behavior.Such microfiber composite hydrogels are promising for constructing attaching-type flexible bioelectronics to monitor biosignals.

Enhanced Extreme Ultraviolet Free Induction Decay Emission Assisted by Attosecond Pulses

We demonstrate the extreme ultraviolet free induction decay emission that can be significantly enhanced by employing isolated attosecond pulses.The near infrared pulses are applied to excite the neon atoms into Rydberg states coherently,and isolated attosecond pulses are used to manipulate populations of the Rydberg states and the subsequent free induction decay process.The time resolved experimental measurement of dependence of the resonance emission yield would help to understand the buildup dynamics of population of excited states.The enhancement assisted by attosecond pulses can serve as a mechanism to develop high-flux extreme ultraviolet light sources.

Intensity-Dependent Dipole Phase in High-Order Harmonic Interferometry

High-order harmonics are ideal probes to resolve the attosecond dynamics of strong-field recollision processes.An easy-to-implement phase mask is utilized to covert the Gaussian beam to TEM01 transverse electromagnetic mode,allowing the realization of two-source interferometry of high-order harmonics.We experimentally measure the intensity dependence of dipole phase directly with high-order harmonic interferometry,in which the driving laser intensity can be precisely adjusted.The classical electron excursion simulations reproduce the experimental findings quite well,demonstrating that Coulomb potential plays subtle roles on movement of electrons for harmonics near the ionization threshold.This work is of great importance for precision measurements of ultrafast dynamics in strong-field physics.

Chirp Compensation for Generating Ultrashort Attosecond Pulses with 800-nm Few-Cycle Pulses

We show that it is feasible to generate sub-40-attosecond pulses with near-infrared few-cycle pulses centered at 800 nm.With proper gating technique,super-broadband continuum spectrum extending from 50 eV to above 200 eV can be obtained,and the intrinsic atto-chirp can be satisfactorily compensated with C filter,producing isolated attosecond pulses with duration of 33 as.According to the wavelength scaling law of high-order harmonic generation,the proposed scheme is of great significance to develop high-flux ultrashort attosecond sources.

尼龙微粉对生物降解聚丁二酸丁二醇酯结晶性能的影响

采用溶液共混法制备了不同尼龙微粉含量的聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/尼龙微粉共混物,X射线衍射测试的结果表明尼龙微粉的加入不改变PBS结晶晶体结构;进一步采用偏光显微镜进行结晶行为的观测,结果表明尼龙微粉可诱导PBS在微粉表面快速成核结晶,成核密度增大,并且晶体只能沿着近乎垂直于微粉表面的方向生长;但是在相同结晶温度下,不同尼龙微粉含量的PBS复合材料具有相同的晶体生长速率。同时差示扫描量热研究也证实了PBS在尼龙微粉表面附生结晶的行为,并且随尼龙微粉含量的增加,其结晶峰先向高温方向移动,随后向低温方向移动,结晶度小幅降低。

乳酸脱氢酶A在不同分级胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨乳酸脱氢酶A(lactate dehydrogenase A,LDHA)在不同病理分级的胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors,GEP-NETs)患者组织中的表达及临床病理特征。方法:收集青岛大学附属医院2013年1月至2018年12月经内镜及手术切除的112例GEP-NETs患者的临床资料。根据肿瘤Ki-67增殖指数及核分裂像数分为G1级43例、G2级17例、G3级52例。通过免疫组织化学方法检测不同分级GEP-NETs组织中LDHA表达情况,并分析LDHA表达水平与患者临床病理特征、经典神经内分泌标志物、血清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)及生存预后的关系。采用χ2检验进行统计分析,Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析,Log-rank检验进行生存分析组间比较。结果:不同病理分级GEP-NETs组织中的LDHA表达水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),且分级越高,阳性表达率越高,G1、G2及G3级阳性表达率分别为48.8%、70.6%和86.5%。临床病理特征分析显示,LDHA在GEP-NETs中的表达与性别、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移相关(均P<0.05)。KaplanMeier生存分析及Log-rank检验结果显示LDHA高表达患者生存率较低表达组差异具有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论:LDHA表达水平在不同分级GEP-NETs患者存在差异,LDHA高表达提示患者预后不良。

From Micropores to Ultra-micropores inside Hard Carbon: Toward Enhanced Capacity in Room-/ Low-Temperature Sodium-Ion Storage

Pore structure of hard carbon has a fundamental influence on the electrochemical properties in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm)of hard carbon can function as ionic sieves to reduce the diffusion of slovated Na+but allow the entrance of naked Na^(+) into the pores,which can reduce the interficial contact between the electrolyte and the inner pores without sacrificing the fast diffusion kinetics.Herein,a molten diffusion-carbonization method is proposed to transform the micropores(>1 nm)inside carbon into ultra-micropores(<0.5 nm).Consequently,the designed carbon anode displays an enhanced capacity of 346 mAh g^(−1) at 30 mA g^(−1) with a high ICE value of~80.6%and most of the capacity(~90%)is below 1 V.Moreover,the high-loading electrode(~19 mg cm^(−2))exhibits a good temperature endurance with a high areal capacity of 6.14 mAh cm^(−2) at 25℃ and 5.32 mAh cm^(−2) at −20℃.Based on the in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance results,the designed ultra-micropores provide the extra Na+storage sites,which mainly contributes to the enhanced capacity.This proposed strategy shows a good potential for the development of high-performance SIBs.

Generation of 88 as Isolated Attosecond Pulses with Double Optical Gating

Isolated attosecond pulses with a duration of 88 as are generated in the spectral range of 29–72 eV using double optical gating technique.The gate width is set to be shorter than half the optical cycle to avoid carrier envelop phase stabilization of the 4.2 fs driving laser pulses centered at 800 nm.The attosecond pulse duration is measured with the technique of frequency resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts.

A flexible carbon nanotube@V_(2)O_(5) film as a high-capacity and durable cathode for zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are receiving a continuously increasing attention for mobile devices,especially for the flexible and wearable electronics,due to their non-toxicity,non-flammability,and low-cost features.Despite the significant progress in achieving higher capacities for electrode materials of ZIBs,to endow them with high flexibility and economic feasibility is,however,still a significant challenge remaining unsolved.Herein,we present a highly flexible composite film composed of carbon nanotube film and V_(2)O_(5)(CNTF@V_(2)O_(5))with high strength and high conductivity,which is prepared by simply impregnating a porous CNT film with an aqueous V_(2)O_(5)sol under vacuum.For this material,intimate incorporation between V_(2)O_(5)and CNTs has been achieved,successfully integrating the high zinc ion storage capability with high mechanical flexibility.As a result,this CNTF@V_(2)O_(5)film delivers a high capacity of 356.6 m Ah g^(-1)at 0.4 A g^(-1)and excellent cycling stability with 80.1%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g^(-1).The novel strategy and the outstanding battery performance presented in this work should shed light on the development of high-performance and flexible ZIBs.

微生物快速计数方法及其在化妆品检验中的应用分析

国内外的化妆品菌落总数检验标准方法基本一致,采用的是经典的平板计数法,该方法操作简单,但完成微生物检验过程所需的时间较长。随着微生物学技术的发展,逐渐开发出了基于各种原理的微生物快速计数方法。通过对比平板计数法和各种微生物快速计数方法在微生物检测中的优缺点,综合考虑检验时间、检验准确性以及微生物快速计数方法在化妆品微生物检验中的可行性,得出荧光显微镜计数法和流式细胞仪计数法在化妆品菌落总数检验中具有潜在的应用价值。荧光显微镜计数法和流式细胞仪计数法通过直接计数样品中的微生物数量,检验时间较短;不需要进行微生物培养,无需考虑化妆品中的防腐剂对微生物生长的抑制性,检验准确性较高。将微生物快速计数方法纳入化妆品菌落总数检测标准体系中,作为现行标准的补充,在化妆品菌落总数检验中具有重要的意义。

Clopidogrel improves aspirin response after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

We sought to assess the incidence of aspirin resistance after off-pump coronary artery bypass （OPCAB） surgery, and investigate whether clopidogrel can improve aspirin response and be safely applied early after OPCAB surgery. Sixty patients who underwent standard OPCAB surgery were randomized into two groups. One group （30 patients） received mono-antiplatelet treatment （MAPT） with aspirin 100 mg daily and the other group received dual anfiplatelet treatment （DAPT） with aspirin 100 mg daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Platelet aggregations in response to arachi- donic acid （PLAA） and adenosine diphosphate （ADP） （PLADP） were measured preoperatively and on days 1 to 6, 8 and 10 after the antiplatelet agents were administered. A PLAA level above 20% was defined as aspirin resistance. Postoperative bleeding and other perioperative variables were also recorded. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, average number of distal anastomosis, operation time, postoperative bleeding, ventilation time and postoperative hospital stay. However, the incidence of aspirin resistance was significantly lower in the DAPT group than that in the MAPT group on the first and second day after antiplatelet agents were given （62.1% vs, 32.1%, 34.5% vs. 10.7%, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in postoperative complication between the two groups. DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel can be safely applied to OPCAB patients early after the procedure. Moreover, clopidogrel reduces the incidence of OPCAB-related aspirin resistance.

GSPAC water movement in extremely dry area

Under an extremely arid condition,a PVC greenhouse was built on the top of Mogao Grottoes in gobi area.The results of 235-day constant extraction of condensed water on the greenhouse film and soil water content showed that 2.1 g/（m2·d） groundwater moved up and exported into the soil,and a phreatic water evaporation existed in the extreme dry area where the groundwater is buried deeper than 200 m.After a prolonged export,the soil water content in the greenhouse was not lower but obviously higher than the original control ones.According to the monitored parameters including relative humidity and absolute humidity of soil,and temperature outside and inside the greenhouse,it was found that there is the available condition and mechanism for the upward movement of groundwater,and also it can be sure that the exported water was not from the soil and atmosphere outside the greenhouse.Phreatic water,an important source for soil water,interacts with atmosphere moisture via soil respiration.Soil salinity also has important effects on soil water movement and spatial-temporal heterogeneity.The extremely dry climate,terrestrial heat and change of upper soil temperature are the fundamental driving forces of water transportation and phreatic water evaporation in the Groundwater-Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum（GSPAC） system.

含发酵产物类化妆品微生物检查方法适用性研究

为了考察含发酵产物类化妆品的卫生质量及探讨其防腐体系对微生物检查方法的影响,按照《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)对30批含发酵产物类化妆品进行微生物检查,同时参考《中国药典》(2020年版)控制菌方法适用性及微生物计数方法适用性试验,对含发酵产物类化妆品进行微生物检查方法适用性研究。结果表明,含发酵产物类化妆品的卫生质量较好,合格率达到了96.67%。30批含发酵产物类化妆品中,有3批化妆品需采用供试液稀释法才能通过控制菌方法适用性试验;有4批化妆品的抑菌性非常强,即使采用1∶100供试液,试验菌的回收率依然<0.5,需采用薄膜过滤法才能通过微生物计数方法适用性试验。30批含发酵产物类化妆品中共有5批化妆品具有较强的抑菌性,可能会影响化妆品微生物检验结果的准确性,因此很有必要在化妆品微生物检验之前进行微生物方法适用性试验。

Static-Output-Feedback Based Robust Fuzzy Wheelbase Preview Control for Uncertain Active Suspensions With Time Delay and Finite Frequency Constraint

This paper proposes a static-output-feedback based robust fuzzy wheelbase preview control algorithm for uncertain active suspensions with time delay and finite frequency constraint.Firstly,a Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy augmented model is established to formulate the half-car active suspension system with consideration of time delay,sprung mass variation and wheelbase preview information.Secondly,in view of the resonation between human’s organs and vertical vibrations in the frequency range of 4–8 Hz,a finite frequency control criterion in terms of H∞norm is developed to improve ride comfort.Meanwhile,other mechanical constraints are also considered and satisfied via generalized H2 norm.Thirdly,in order to maintain the feasibility of the controller despite of some state variables are not online-measured,a two stage approach is adopted to derive a static output feedback controller.Finally,numerical simulation results illustrate the excellent performance of the proposed controller.