Carotenoid components and their biosynthesis in a bud mutant of Shiranui mandarin(Citrus reticulata Blanco)with citrine flavedo

Carotenoids are secondary metabolite responsible for colored pigments in plants and microbes(Li et al.,2022).They are a class of C40 tetraterpenoids consisting of eight isoprenoid units,and can be classified into carotenes and xanthophylls on the basis of their functional groups(Saini et al.,2015).Carotenes can be lin‐ear(phytoene,phytofluene,andζ-carotene)or branched(β-carotene andα-carotene).Xanthophylls compriseβ,β-xanthophylls(β-cryptoxanthin,zeaxanthin,violaxanthins,and neoxanthin)andβ,ε-xanthophylls(α-cryptoxanthin,α-carotene,and lutein).

Variation of the Vaginal Microbiome During and After Pregnancy in Chinese Women

A comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbial communities and their variability enables an accurate description of the microbiome in women.However,there is a lack of studies available on Chinese women.In the present study,the composition of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and the 6-week postpartum period of 454 Chinese women was characterized by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene.The vaginal microbiome showed variations during pregnancy and the postpartum period based on the abortion history,hypertensive disorders,delivery mode,and maternal age.Co-variation of 22 bacterial taxa,including the Lactobacillus genus and two of its species,may account for the common characteristics of the vaginal microbiome under scenarios of different medical histories and pregnancy outcomes.In contrast,discriminant bacterial species were significantly different between women who had preterm birth(PTB)with and without premature rupture of membranes(PROM),and the community state type(CST)IV-A without any predominant Lactobacillus species in the microbiota was more prevalent during pregnancy in the PROM-PTB cases,suggesting that specific bacterial species could be considered to distinguish between different types of PTB.By providing data on Chinese women,this study will enrich the knowledge of the human microbiome and contribute to a better understanding of the association between the vaginal microbiome and reproductive health.

Outbreaks of Acute Respiratory Disease Associated with Human Adenovirus Infection in Closed Camps,China,December 2011–March 2014

Summary What is already known on this topic?Human adenovirus(HAdV)was frequently associated with acute respiratory disease(ARD)outbreaks in military camps.What is added by this report?HAdV-B7,HAdV-B14,and HAdV-B55 were determined to be responsible for 3,2,and 4 ARD outbreaks in military camps,China,respectively,with a total attack rate of 28.0%during 2011 to 2014.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Diarrheal Patients——Six PLADs,China,2016−2020

Summary What is already known on this topic?Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus)is frequently resistant to common antimicrobials such as ampicillin and generally highly susceptible to most clinically used antimicrobials.What is added by this report?V.parahaemolyticus were highly resistant to cefazolin and ampicillin:94.4% and 37.0%,respectively.

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)responses to viral infection are a form of antibody regulated immune responses mediated through the Fc fragment.Whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)triggered ADCC responses contributes to COVID-19 disease development is currently not well understood.To understand the potential correlation between ADCC responses and COVID-19 disease development,we analyzed the ADCC activity and neutralizing antibody response in 255 individuals ranging from asymptomatic to fatal infections over 1 year post disease.ADCC was elicited by 10 days post-infection,peaked by 11-20 days,and remained detectable until 400 days post-infection.In general,patients with severe disease had higher ADCC activities.Notably,patients who had severe disease and recovered had higher ADCC activities than patients who had severe disease and deceased.Importantly,ADCC activities were mediated by a diversity of epitopes in SARS-COV-2-infected mice and induced to comparable levels against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)(B.1.1.7,B.1.351,and P.1)as that against the D614G mutant in human patients and vaccinated mice.Our study indicates anti-SARS-CoV-2 ADCC as a major trait of COVID-19 patients with various conditions,which can be applied to estimate the extra-neutralization level against COVID-19,especially lethal COVID-19.