Obstructor,a Frankliniella occidentalis protein,promotes transmission of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus(TSWV)causes substantial economic losses to vegetables and other crops.TSWV is mainly transmitted by thrips in a persistent and proliferative manner,and its most efficient vector is the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande).In moving from the thrips midgut to the salivary glands in preparation for transmission,the virions must overcome multiple barriers.Although several proteins that interact with TSWV in thrips have been characterized,we hypothesized that additional thrips proteins interact with TSWV and facilitate its transmission.In the current study,67 F occidentalis proteins that interact with GN(a structural glycoprotein)were identified using a split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast 2-hybrid(MbY2H)system.Three proteins,apolipoprotein-D(ApoD),orai-2-like(Orai),and obstructor-E-like isoform X2(Obst),were selected for further study based on their high abundance and interaction strength;their interactions with Gn were confirmed by MbY2H,yeastβ-galactosidase and luciferase complementation assays.The relative expressions of ApoD and Orai were significantly down-regulated but that of Obst was significantly up-regulated in viruliferous thrips.When interfering with Obst in larval stage,the TSWV acquisition rate in 3 independent experiments was significantly decreased by 26%,40%,and 35%,respectively.In addition,when Obst was silenced in adults,the virus titer was significantly decreased,and the TSWV transmission rate decreased from 66.7%to 31.9%using the leaf disk method and from 86.67%to 43.33%using the living plant method.However,the TSWV acquisition and transmission rates were not affected by interference with the ApoD or Orai gene.The results indicate that Obst may play an important role in TSWV acquisition and transmission in Frankliniella occidentalis.

术前低蛋白血症会增加克罗恩病一期肠吻合术后腹腔内感染性并发症的发生风险

目的:本研究旨在探讨术前低蛋白血症对克罗恩病(CD)患者一期肠吻合术后发生腹腔内感染性并发症(IASCs)的影响。方法:2007-2015年期间所有行肠切除一期肠吻合手术的CD患者纳入研究。采用单因素和多因素分析评估术前低蛋白血症(白蛋白<30 g/L)与术后IASCs发生风险的关系。结果:共计124例患者纳入研究,其中117例(94.4%)可以获得术前白蛋白水平的数据。13例(11.7%)患者术前合并低蛋白血症。相较之下,术前低蛋白血症患者CD诊断至手术的间期更长(P=0.012),术前服用5氨基水杨酸的比例更高(P=0.013),术中发现小肠梗阻的比例更高(P=0.015)。共有24例(19.4%)患者术后出现IASCs。单因素分析显示,术前低蛋白血症患者术后IASCs风险更高(P=0.012)。多因素分析证实,术前低蛋白血症是术后IASCs的独立危险因素(OR=4.67,95%CI:1.28–17.04,P=0.02)。将术前白蛋白水平作为一个连续型变量进行多因素分析,亦可得到相同的结果(P=0.019)。结论:对于行肠切除一期肠吻合的CD患者,术前低蛋白血症提示术后IASCs发生风险增高。改善术前营养状态或可降低术后IASCs的发生风险。