Percent free prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer diagnosis in Chinese men with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL:Results from the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium

Objective:To test the diagnostic performance of percent free prostate-specific antigen(%fPSA)in predicting any prostate cancer(PCa)and high-grade prostate cancer(HGPCa)in a retrospective multi-center biopsy cohort with a PSA level of 4.0e10.0 ng/mL in China.Methods:Consecutive patients with a PSA of 4.0-10.0 ng/mL who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy were enrolled at 16 Chinese medical centers from January 1st,2010 to December 31st,2013.Total and free serum PSA determinations were performed using three types of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassays recalibrated to the World Health Organization(WHO)standard.The diagnostic accuracy of PSA,%fPSA,and %fPSA in combination with PSA(%fPSA t PSA)was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).Results:A total of 2310 consecutive men with PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL were included,and the detection rate of PCa was 25.1%.The AUC of%fPSA and %fPSA t PSA in predicting any PCa was superior to PSA alone in men aged≥60 years(0.623 vs.0.534,p<0.0001)but not in men aged 40e59 years(0.517 vs.0.518,p=0.939).Similar result was yield in predicting HGPCa.Conclusion:In a clinical setting of Chinese men with 4.0e10.0 ng/mL PSA undergoing initial prostate biopsy,adding %fPSA to PSA can moderately improve the diagnostic accuracy for any PCa and HGPCa compared with PSA alone in patients≥60 but not in patients aged 40-59 years.

Tunable Fluid-Type Metasurface for Wide-Angle and Multifrequency Water-Air Acoustic Transmission

Efficient acoustic communication across the water-air interface remains a great challenge owing to the extreme acoustic impedance mismatch.Few present acoustic metamaterials can be constructed on the free air-water interface for enhancing the acoustic transmission because of the interface instability.Previous strategies overcoming this difficulty were limited in practical usage,as well as the wide-angle and multifrequency acoustic transmission.Here,we report a simple and practical way to obtain the wide-angle and multifrequency water-air acoustic transmission with a tunable fluid-type acoustic metasurface(FAM).The FAM has a transmission enhancement of acoustic energy over 200 times,with a thickness less than the wavelength in water by three orders of magnitude.The FAM can work at an almost arbitrary water-to-air incident angle,and the operating frequencies can be flexibly adjusted.Multifrequency transmissions can be obtained with multilayer FAMs.In experiments,the FAM is demonstrated to be stable enough for practical applications and has the transmission enhancement of over 20 dB for wide frequencies.The transmission enhancement of music signal across the water-air interface was performed to demonstrate the applications in acoustic communications.The FAM will benefit various applications in hydroacoustics and oceanography.

Tunable Fluid-Type Metasurface for Wide-Angle and Multifrequency Water-Air Acoustic Transmission

Efficient acoustic communication across the water-air interface remains a great challenge owing to the extreme acoustic impedance mismatch.Few present acoustic metamaterials can be constructed on the free air-water interface for enhancing the acoustic transmission because of the interface instability.Previous strategies overcoming this difficulty were limited in practical usage,as well as the wide-angle and multifrequency acoustic transmission.Here,we report a simple and practical way to obtain the wide-angle and multifrequency water-air acoustic transmission with a tunable fluid-type acoustic metasurface(FAM).The FAM has a transmission enhancement of acoustic energy over 200 times,with a thickness less than the wavelength in water by three orders of magnitude.The FAM can work at an almost arbitrary water-to-air incident angle,and the operating frequencies can be flexibly adjusted.Multifrequency transmissions can be obtained with multilayer FAMs.In experiments,the FAM is demonstrated to be stable enough for practical applications and has the transmission enhancement of over 20 dB for wide frequencies.The transmission enhancement of music signal across the water-air interface was performed to demonstrate the applications in acoustic communications.The FAM will benefit various applications in hydroacoustics and oceanography.