具有半互穿网络结构的电场响应性水凝胶正渗透脱盐性能

为了提高凝胶驱动正渗透(FO)脱盐过程的性能,利用互穿聚合物网络技术制备一种具有半互穿网络的电场响应性水凝胶聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/羧甲基纤维素钠(P(AMPS-AM)/CMC)用作新型汲取剂。使用红外光谱和扫描电镜表征其化学结构和形貌,考察其在水中的溶胀性及在电场刺激下的响应性,并探究其在FO脱盐过程中的性能。结果表明,P(AMPS-AM)/CMC呈现孔洞结构;溶胀过程符合二级溶胀动力学模型且理论平衡溶胀度为181.5 g/g;在15 V电压刺激下具有明显的消溶胀性。在FO试验中,与未经CMC改性的P(AMPS-AM)相比,P(AMPS-AM)/CMC产生类似的初始水通量但其在15 V电压刺激下的水回收率是前者的1.9倍,且连续3次再生后水回收率仅下降7.97%。此外,与已报道的水凝胶汲取剂相比,P(AMPS-AM)/CMC不仅可获得较高的水通量而且在水回收率上具有一定的优势。

ypTNM分期联合AJCC-TRG在进展期胃癌新辅助化疗预后评价中的价值

目的:探讨ypTNM分期联合肿瘤退缩分级(tumor regression grade,TRG)将当前系统进一步划分和扩展,评估不同亚组患者预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年2月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受新辅助化疗后行手术治疗的局部进展期胃癌患者的临床资料。根据AJCC第8版ypTNM分期以及AJCC-TRG标准对术后组织标本重新评价。根据患者新辅助化疗术后ypTNM分期联合TRG,将该系统分为9个不同亚组。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线计算ypTNM各分期联合AJCC-TRG评估相同分期患者的3年、5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率以及中位生存时间(median overall survival,mOS),并根据结果将ypTNM各分期系统进一步划分和扩展,筛选出预后最差亚组患者。结果:共纳入424例患者,其中男性330例,女性94例,中位年龄60岁。中位生存时间为40个月。相同ypTNM分期不同TRG亚组,Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示:ypTNMⅠ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS(P=0.715)之间的差异无统计学意义,TRG1与TRG3患者OS(P=0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS(P=0.001)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(mOS为23个月);ypTNMⅡ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS(P=0.105)之间的差异无统计学意义,TRG1与TRG3患者OS(P<0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS(P=0.006)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(3个亚组mOS分别为79、52和35个月);ypTNMⅢ期:TRG1与TRG2患者OS(P=0.001)、TRG1与TRG3患者OS(P<0.001)以及TRG2与TRG3患者OS(P<0.001)之间的差异均具有统计学意义,且TRG3组预后最差(3个亚组mOS分别为51、23、15个月)。结论:ypTNM分期联合AJCC-TRG分级可将相同分期患者进一步划分和扩展,并筛选出预后最差亚组患者,有助于临床医生判断患者病情,给予个体化治疗。

Relationship between Expression of CEA,E-cadherin and Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of E-cadherin andCEA in serum in colorectal carcinoma and their relationship withliver metastasis.METHODS CEA level was measured post-operativelyby radioimmunoassay of 60 patients with colorectal cancer.Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate theexpression of E-cadherin.RESULTS In liver metastasis group,24 patients (24/26,92.3%)were high level of CEA,but only 9 patients in non-liver metastasisgroup.The difference is significant (P=0.004).Expression ofE-cadherin significantly correlated with differentiation,but wasnot associated with Tstage or N stage.Liver metastatic rate innegative expression was higher than that in positive expression.And the survival analysis showed that time of liver metastasis wassignificant different in two groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of CEA in serum can be usedto predict liver mestatasis of colorectal cancer after operation.E-cadherin,associated with tumor differentiation,is also a hopefulindicator for the prediction of liver metastasis in patients withcolorectal cancer.

食管癌术后胸胃癌临床特点(英文)

Objective:Postoperative recurrence of esophageal carcinoma was the main factor that affect the patients' survival and quality of life.This study mainly investigated the clinical features of thoracic stomach cancer (TSC) after surgical treatment for esophageal carcinoma.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 51 cases of postoperative TSC in our hospital (Henan Province Tumor Hospital,Zhengzhou,China).Results:The 51 (10.97%) of all 465 cases that underwent endoscope after surgical treatment for esophageal carcinoma in our hospital were TSCs.There were 13 cases with complicating anastomotic recurrence.The locations of 46 cases (90.2%) were the same as the primary cancer.The 48 cases were squamous cell carcinomas and 3 cases were adenocarcinomas after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.Endoscopic manifestations were puffiness-infiltrating type at 39.2% (20/51),massive type at 15.7% (8/51),ulcerative type at 7.8% (4/51) and ulcerative infiltrating type at 3.9% (2/51) and stenotic type etc.Conclusion:The incidence of TSC after surgical treatment for esophageal carcinoma is high.The main cause was that the local residual cancer invaded gastric wall.The gastroscopic features of TSC are different from those of gastric cancer.Regular review with endoscopy in postoperative esophageal carcinoma patients was a major way to diagnose TSC.

ERCC-1、sruvivin表达与含顺铂方案-线化疗治疗晚期肺腺癌患者疗效和预后关系(英文)

Objective:We analyzed the relationship between the expression of ERCC-1(excisition repair cross complement-1), survivin and sensitivity and prognosis of cisplatin contained regimens first-line chemotherapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical(IHC) method was used to evaluate the expression of ERCC-1 and survivin in 80 pathologically confirmed advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients given cisplatin-contained regimens first-line chemotherapy.The response rate and survival time were analyzed according to the expression of ERCC-1 and survivin.Results:Only 77 patients could be reviewed by IHC staining.The expression rates of ERCC-1 and survivin were 33.77% and 53.25 % respectively.The worse response rate and shorter TTP/ PFS could be identified in ERCC-1 positive group.Patients with positive expression of survivin had worse survival time.Conclusion:Expression of ERCC-1 may be a molecular marker of cisplatincontained regimens first-line chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients.Positive expression of survivin predicates poor prognosis for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Epithelial cells mimic immune cells: a novel path toward tumor immunotherapy

Recently,we have shown that FOXP3,a critical transcription factor in regulatory T cells(Tregs),is expressed in pancreatic epithelial cells,and restrain the activity of CD8+T cells by upregulating PD-L1,which in turn regulates immune escape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)^(1).On the basis of a series of studies of our laboratory,we hypothesize that a subset of pancreatic epithelial cells mimics the phenotype and function of Tregs(named quasi-Tregs or qTregs);this concept has been supported by a peer-reviewed commentary^(2).Moreover,evidence suggests that tumor epithelial cells can mimic other types of immune cells and participate in the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment(TIM).

Tuning magnetic anisotropy by interfacial engineering in La2/3Sr1/3Co1-xMnxO2.5+δ/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3Co1-xMnxO2.5+δ trilayers

Grouping different oxide materials with coupled charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom together to form heterostructures provides a rich playground to explore the emergent interfacial phenomena. The perovskite/brownmillerite heterostructure is particularly interesting since symmetry mismatch may produce considerable interface reconstruction and unexpected physical effects. Here, we systemically study the magnetic anisotropy of tensely strained La2/3Sr1/3Co1-xMnxO2.5+δ/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3Co1-xMnxO2.5+δ trilayers with interface structures changing from perovskite/brownmillerite type to perovskite/perovskite type. Without Mn doping, the initial La2/3Sr1/3CoO2.5+δ/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/La2/3Sr1/3CoO2.5+δ trilayer with perovskite/brownmillerite interface type exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the maximal anisotropy constant is 3.385×106 erg/cm3, which is more than one orders of magnitude larger than that of same strained LSMO film. By increasing the Mn doping concentration, the anisotropy constant displays monotonic reduction and even changes from perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which is possible because of the reduced CoO4 tetrahedra concentration in the La2/3Sr1/3Co1-xMnxO2.5+δ layers near the interface. Based on the analysis of the x-ray linear dichroism, the orbital reconstruction of Mn ions occurs at the interface of the trilayers and thus results in the controllable magnetic anisotropy.

Integrated and dual-responsive lipopeptide nanovector with parallel effect to tumor and micro-environment regulation by efficient gene and drug co-delivery

The integrated lipopeptide(RVA)/gene complexes are fabricated with bi-directional regulation on tumor cells and micro-environment.After self-assembling and target coating modification,the poly(γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA)/RVA nano-vectors can sequentially respond to pH&redox stimuli,and guarantee efficient therapeutic gene delivery and control release of all-trans retinoic acid.The design provides a facile but promising strategy to treat refractory cancers.

Overexpression of ASPH protein predicts poor outcomes in retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients

To the Editor:Liposarcoma is a common subtype of retroperitoneal sarcoma.Due to the complicated anatomical heterogeneity of retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RPLS),it compresses and invades adjacent important organs,and massive bleeding frequently occurs during surgery.Therefore,a combined visceral resection is required,which means that RPLS surgery has greater difficulty and a lower complete resection rate compared to surgeries for other solid tumors.Although in our previous studies we found that intraperitoneal thermoperfusion chemotherapy including cisplatin may improve the prognosis of patients with RPLS,[1]surgery is the most effective treatment for RPLS,and adjuvant therapies have shown almost ineffective.There is a paucity of research focusing specifically on molecular mechanisms underlying RPLS pathogenesis.Consequently,no diagnostic biomarkers,druggable targets,or prognostic factors are available for RPLS.

Chinese Medical Association consensus for standardized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(pNENs)are rare and highly heterogeneous tumors originating from pluripotent stem cells with neuroendocrine differentiation in the pancreas,constituting approximately 3%of all pancreatic tumors.^([1])The global incidence of pNENs has been increasing recently,and most cases are sporadic and more common in women.^([1,2])pNENs are clinically divided into functioning and nonfunctioning tumors depending on whether the tumors are accompanied by a clinical syndrome related to specific hormone overproduction.

腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤的手术及临床病理特征

目的分析腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤(RPLMS)手术患者的临床结果及病理特征。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月北京大学国际医院腹膜后肿瘤外科收治并手术的97例RPLMS患者的临床资料。结果97例患者中原发性RPLMS 49例,复发性或前次未完整切除者48例,最常见症状为腹痛、腹胀(30例)和腰背部疼痛(23例)。所有患者均接受RPLMS切除术,其中64例联合器官切除术,19例联合部分下腔静脉切除术,2例联合髂外动脉切除人工血管重建术,总体R0/R1切除率为84.5%,总体并发症发生率为26.8%,包括肠瘘4例,胰瘘1例,膀胱阴道瘘1例,尿瘘1例,胆瘘1例,腹腔内出血2例,下腔静脉、下肢静脉血栓7例,胃瘫3例等,其中1例腹腔大出血患者在术后30 d内死亡。术后病理提示梭形和多型性为最常见的病理亚型。结论RPLMS症状不典型,手术是主要治疗手段。联合多脏器、大血管的扩大切除,术后严重并发症发生率较高,应谨慎开展。

Ultrastructural analysis of neuronal synapses using state-of-the-art nano-imaging techniques

Neuronal synapses are functional nodes in neural circuits.Their organization and activity define an individual's level of intelligence,emotional state and mental health.Changes in the structure and efficacy of synapses are the biological basis of learning and memory.However,investigation of the molecular architecture of synapses has been impeded by the lack of efficient techniques with sufficient resolution.Recent developments in state-of-the-art nano-imaging techniques have opened up a new window for dissecting the molecular organization of neuronal synapses with unprecedented resolution.Here,we review recent technological advances in nano-imaging techniques as well as their applications to the study of synapses,emphasizing super-resolution light microscopy and 3-dimensional electron tomography.

ZDHHC12-mediated claudin-3 S-palmitoylation determines ovarian cancer progression

The membrane protein claudin-3(CLDN3) is critical for the formation and maintenance of tight junction and its high expression has been implicated in dictating malignant progression in various cancers. However, the post-translational modification of CLDN3 and its biological function remains poorly understood. Here, we report that CLDN3 is positively correlated with ovarian cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. Of interest, CLDN3 undergoes S-palmitoylation on three juxtamembrane cysteine residues, which contribute to the accurate plasma membrane localization and protein stability of CLDN3. Moreover, the deprivation of S-palmitoylation in CLDN3 significantly abolishes its tumorigenic promotion effect in ovarian cancer cells. By utilizing the co-immunoprecipitation assay, we further identify ZDHHC12 as a CLDN3-targating palmitoyltransferase from 23 ZDHHC family proteins.Furthermore, the knockdown of ZDHHC12 also significantly inhibits CLDN3 accurate membrane localization, protein stability and ovarian cancer cells tumorigenesis. Thus, our work reveals S-palmitoylation as a novel regulatory mechanism that modulates CLDN3 function, which implies that targeting ZDHHC12-mediated CLDN3 S-palmitoylation might be a potential strategy for ovarian cancer therapy.

Autotaxin:An Early Warning Biomarker for Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure

Background and Aims:Recent accumulating evidence indicates the biological actions of autotaxin(ATX)in liver disease.However,the relationship between ATX and liver failure has not been reported.The present study aimed to examine alterations of serum ATX in acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)and evaluate whether serum ATX could be useful as an early warning biomarker of ACLF.Methods:Serum ATX was measured in 50 patients with hepatitis B-related ACLF,14 patients with alcohol-related ACLF,11 patients with hepatitis B-related pre-ACLF,11 patients with alcohol-related Child-Pugh A cirrhosis,39 patients with hepatitis B-related Child-Pugh A cirrhosis,26 patients with chronic hepatitis B,and 38 healthy volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Serum ATX level was significantly higher in the pre-ACLF group than in the Child-Pugh A cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B groups but lower than in the ACLF group;furthermore,patients with pre-ACLF deteriorated to ACLF had significantly higher serum ATX levels than pre-ACLF patients that did not progress to ACLF.Serum ATX levels were significantly higher among male ACLF patients with preclinical infection,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or pneumonia,as compared to patients with ACLF but no spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or pneumonia.Serum ATX levels were well correlated with serum biochemical parameters of liver function and model for end-stage liver disease score.Serum ATX≥584.1 ng/mL was a poor prognostic factor for ACLF(hazard ratio of 4.750,95%confidence interval of 1.106-20.392,p=0.036).Conclusions:Serum ATX level may be a useful early warning biomarker for ACLF.

Heterologous expression and characterization of man gene from Bacillus Subtilis in Pichia Pastoris

β-Mannanase catalyzes endo-wise hydrolysis of the backbone of mannan and heteromannan,which are abun-dant in the cell wall structure of ungerminated leguminous seeds.The mature β-mannanase originated from Bacillus subtilis was expressed in Pichia pastoris,a methylotrophic yeast,using the leader peptide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor.The cultivation of β-mannanase express-ing Pichia pastoris yields up to 1.8 g/L protein.In the super-natant the activity of the 40 kDa—total mannanase attained a level of 1102.0 IU/mL.The properties of the β-mannanase were characterized.Optimum pH and temperature for the recombinant enzyme were 5.5 and 50℃ respectively.The enzyme was stable at pH 5.0-10.0 and maintained over 30%original activity after incubating at 70℃ for 30 min.

A fully absorbable biomimetic polymeric micelle loaded with cisplatin as drug carrier for cancer therapy

cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(CDDP)-loaded polymeric micelles for cancer therapy have been developed to reduce the serious side effects of cisplatin CDDP.Herein,polymeric micelles incorporated with cisplatin are prepared based on the complexation between CDDP and hydrophilic poly(L-glutamic acid)-b-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)(PLG-b-PMPC)diblock copolymers.These CDDP-loaded micelles possess an average size of 91nm with narrow distribution,providing remarkable stability in media containing proteins.The release of CDDP from the micelles is faster at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 than that at pH 7.4 and in a sustained manner without initial burst release.In addition,there is almost no difference in cellular uptake between these CDDP-loaded micelles and free CDDP.Moreover,in vitro cytotoxicity test shows they possess high efficacy to kill 4T1 cells as compared with free drug.Thus,PLG-b-PMPC copolymer might be a promising carrier for CDDP incorporating in cancer therapy.

Ferroelectric,magnetic,and optical properties of Aurivillius compound Bi_(5)FeTi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)O_(15)

Bi_(5)FeTi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)O_(15)(BFTC)ceramics was successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method.It exhibits simultaneously visible-light response,ferroelectric and weak ferromagnetic orders at room temperature.The narrow band gap of 2.06 eV was determined via the UVevis diffuse absorption spectrum.The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the Fe ions in the samples is 3 t and 2 t valence states while the doped Co ions is 2 t valence state.The BFTC sample undergoes a ferromagnetic-like transition at~552 K.Weak ferromagnetism is mainly due to spin-canting of Fe-based and Co-based sublattices via Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)interaction.Dielectric loss and dielectric modulus exhibit the characteristics of dielectric relaxation,which can be ascribed to oxygen/vacancy hopping.These results reveal many potentially useful physical phenomena and open a new avenue to design of novel solar-energy conversion devices and multiferroic applications.

Multi-omics joint analysis revealed the metabolic profile of retroperitoneal liposarcoma

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)is the main subtype of retroperitoneal soft sarcoma(RSTS)and has a poor prognosis and few treatment options,except for surgery.The proteomic and metabolic profiles of RLPS have remained unclear.The aim of our study was to reveal the metabolic profile of RLPS.Here,we performed proteomic analysis(n=10),metabolomic analysis(n=51),and lipidomic analysis(n=50)of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma(RDDLPS)and retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma(RWDLPS)tissue and paired adjacent adipose tissue obtained during surgery.Data analysis mainly revealed that glycolysis,purine metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism and phospholipid formation were upregulated in both RDDLPS and RWDLPS tissue compared with the adjacent adipose tissue,whereas the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,lipid absorption and synthesis,fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis,as well as glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism were downregulated.Of particular importance,the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose and pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)inhibitor RRX-001 significantly promoted the antitumor effects of the MDM2 inhibitor RG7112 and CDK4 inhibitor abemaciclib.Our study not only describes the metabolic profiles of RDDLPS and RWDLPS,but also offers potential therapeutic targets and strategies for RLPS.

First-line camrelizumab(a PD-1 inhibitor)plus apatinib(an VEGFR-2 inhibitor)and chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer(SPACE):a phase 1 study

Patients with advanced gastric cancer typically face a grim prognosis.This phase 1a(dose escalation)and phase 1b(dose expansion)study investigated safety and efficacy of first-line camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapyfor advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.The primary endpoints included maximum tolerated dose(MTD)in phase 1a and objective response rate(ORR)across phase 1a and 1b.Phase 1a tested three dose regimens of camrelizumab,apatinib,oxaliplatin,and S-1.Dose regimen 1:camrelizumab 200 mg on day 1,apatinib 250 mg every other day,oxaliplatin 100 mg/m^(2) on day 1,and S-140 mg twice a day on days 1-14.Dose regimen 2:same as dose regimen 1,but oxaliplatin 130mg/m.Dose regimen3:same as dose regimen 2,but apatinib 250 mg daily.Thirty-four patients were included(9 in phase 1a,25 in phase 1b).No dose-limiting toxicities occurred so no MTD was identified.Dose 3 was set for the recommended phase 2 doses and administered in phase 1b.The confrmed ORR was 76.5%(95%CI 58.8-89.3).The median progression-free survival was 8.4 months(95%CI 5.9-not evaluable[NE]),and the median overall survival(OS)was not mature(11.6-NE).Ten patients underwent surgery after treatment and the multidisciplinary team evaluation.Among 24 patients without surgery,the median OS was 19.6 months(7.8-NE).Eighteen patients(52.9%)developed grade≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events.Camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy showed favorable clinical outcomes and manageable safety for untreated advanced gastric cancer(ChiCTR2000034109).