沙库巴曲缬沙坦防治肿瘤治疗相关心功能不全的效果分析

目的:探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗肿瘤治疗相关心功能不全(cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction,CTRCD)的疗效。方法:汇总分析自建库至2023年3月发表于Pubmed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Medline、Embase五大数据库的沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗CTRCD的所有文献,归纳总结用药时机、剂量、药物疗效等;梳理总结其预防CTRCD的临床研究。结果:使用沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗CTRCD 3~12个月后,肿瘤患者NYHA心功能从Ⅱ~Ⅳ级改善为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,LVEF上升幅度为3.0%~37.0%,NTproBNP下降幅度为280.0~65498.0 pg/mL。结论:沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗CTRCD有效,在改善患者LVEF、GLS等指标方面具有较好的临床应用价值,使肿瘤患者抗肿瘤治疗得以继续、生存期得以延长。

Dietary seaweed-derived polysaccharides improve growth performance of weaned pigs through maintaining intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbial populations

Background:Seaweed-derived polysaccharides(SDP)represent an attractive source of prebiotic nutraceuticals for the food and animal husbandry industry.However,the mechanism by which SDP from Enteromorpha mediates pig growth are not fully understood.This study aimed to investigate how SDP supplementation influences the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs.Results:In Exp.1,240 weaned pigs were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 200,400 or 800 mg/kg SDP,respectively,in a 21-day trial.Pigs on the 400 or 800 mg/kg SDP-supplemented group had greater ADG and lower F/G ratio than those on the control group(P<0.05).In Exp.2,20 male weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed with a basal diet(CON group)or a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg SDP(the optimum does from Exp.1),in a 21-day trial.Pigs fed the SDP diet had greater ADG,the concentrations of serum IL-6 and TNF-αand the activities of glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase(P<0.05),and lower F/G,diarrhea rate,as well as serum D-lactate concentrations and diamine oxidase activity(P<0.05).Moreover,dietary SDP supplementation enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A content,villus height and villous height:crypt depth ratio in small intestine,as well as the lactase and maltase activities in jejunum mucosa(P<0.05).SDP supplementation elevated the mRNA levels of inflammatory responserelated genes(IL-6,TNF-α,TLR4,TLR6 and MyD88),and the mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1,claudin-1 and occludin in jejunum mucosa(P<0.05).Importantly,SDP not only increased the Lactobacillus population but also reduced the Escherichia coli population in cecum(P<0.05).Furthermore,SDP increased acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations in cecum(P<0.05).Conclusions:These results not only suggest a beneficial effect of SDP on growth performance and intestinal barrier functions,but also offer potential mechanisms behind SDP-facilitated intestinal health in weaned pigs.

Closed-system pyrolysis-based hydrocarbon generation simulation and gas potential evaluation of the Shanxi Formation shales from the Ordos Basin, China

The Shanxi Formation(Shan 1 and Shan 2 Members)shales show good prospects in shale gas development in the Yan'an area of Ordos Basin.Based on the simulation experiment of hydrocarbon generation of low maturity shale samples,the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of shale samples was studied systematically.Then,combined with the geochemical analysis of shale and gas generation simulation,shale gas potential was evaluated.The results reveal that Shan 1 and Shan 2 shale samples are favorable for shale gas enrichment by and large,with C_(1)-C_(5) maximum yields of 146.96-160.83 mg/g TOC and 148.48-148.67 mg/g TOC respectively at a heat rate of 20℃/h and 2℃/h.The Shan 1 and Shan 2 shales are basically the same in terms of organic carbon production potential of each unit.The carbon isotopic composition of alkane gas reveals that heteroatomic compounds(NSOs)cracking is an important mechanism for shale gas generation of Shanxi Formation shales,and conducive to gas generation at highto over-mature stages.Given thermal history and kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation,the shales of Shanxi Formation reached the maximum gas production potential in the Late Cretaceous,with a maximum yield of 160.3 mg/g TOC under present geological conditions.During geological history,the Shanxi Formation shales went through high-to over-maturity evolution,mainly producing dry gas,and their gas generation capacity was controlled by the organic matter abundance and cracking capacity.The gas generation potential of Shan 2 shale is higher than that of Shan 1,due to its higher TOC.

Anaerobic environment as an efficient approach to improve the photostability of fatty acid photodecarboxylase

Fatty acid photodecarboxylase of Chlorella variabilis NC64A(CvFAP) is a novel photoenzyme with great potential in the treatment of waste lipids and production of sustainable aviation fuel. However, the fragile nature of Cv FAP to blue light is an urgent challenge. Herein, we demonstrated anaerobic environment could significantly improve the photostability of Cv FAP for the first time. The decarboxylation of palmitic acid by Cv FAP for 3 h under anaerobic environment increased pentadecane yield by 44.7% as compared to that under aerobic environment. The residual activity of Cv FAP after blue-light preillumination in the absence of palmitic acid for 0.5 h under anaerobic environment was 80.4%, which was 258.7 times higher than that under aerobic environment. Remarkable accumulation of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen in Cv FAP under aerobic environment led to the poor photostability of Cv FAP. Anaerobic environment helped to mitigate the production of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen in Cv FAP, improving the photostability of Cv FAP.

High flashover strength and superhydrophobic coatings by constructing porous surface structure

Flashover is prone to occur in composite insulation structures such as vacuum-solid and gas-solid,which are universally employed in high-voltage power equipment.In this study,a high flashover strength and superhydrophobic coating were proposed by constructing porous surface morphology.Octadecyl trichlorosilane(OTS)particles were prepared by hydrolysis condensation reaction,and thereafter sprayed onto the substrate surface to form a porous and rough surface structure with hundreds of nanometres of dispersed pores and pits.The coating endowed epoxy resin with maximum 44%flashover voltage increase and the superhydrophobic surface with water contact angle of 158.4°.Since the pore size in OTS coating is close to electron mean free path in atmospheric condition,the collisional ionisation can be effectively hindered,which suppresses the micro-discharge around the triple junction and improves the flashover strength.The present approach provides a new insight for simultaneously improving flashover strength and superhydrophobic properties of dielectric insulation.

Incorporation of a histone mutant with H3K56 site substitution perturbs the replication machinery in mouse embryonic stem cells

Sense mutations in several conserved modifiable sites of histone H3 have been found to be strongly correlated with multiple tissuespecific clinical cancers.These clinical site mutants acquire a distinctively new epigenetic role and mediate cancer evolution.In this study,we mimicked histone H3 at the 56th lysine(H3K56)mutant incorporation in mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs)by lentivirus-mediated ectopic expression and analyzed the effects on replication and epigenetic regulation.The data show that two types of H3K56 mutants,namely H3 lysine 56-to-methionine(H3K56M)and H3 lysine 56-to-alanine(H3K56A),promote replication by recruiting more minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 and checkpoint kinase 1 onto chromatin compared with wild-type histone H3 and other site substitution mutants.Under this condition,the frequency of genomic copy number gain in H3K56M and H3K56A cells globally increases,especially in the Mycl1 region,a known molecular marker frequently occurring in multiple malignant cancers.Additionally,we found the disruption of H3K56 acetylation distribution in the copy-gain regions,which indicates a probable epigenetic mechanism of H3K56M and H3K56A.We then identified that H3K56M and H3K56A can trigger a potential adaptation to transcription;genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway are partially upregulated,whereas genes associated with intrinsic apoptotic function show obvious downregulation.The final outcome of ectopic H3K56M and H3K56A incorporation in mESCs is an enhanced ability to form carcinomas.This work indicates that H3K56 site conservation and proper modification play important roles in harmonizing the function of the replication machinery in mESCs.

Minimal length effects on motion of a particle in Rindler space

Various quantum theories of gravity predict the existence of a minimal measurable length.In this paper,we study effects of the minimal length on the motion of a particle in the Rindler space under a harmonic potential.This toy model captures key features of particle dynamics near a black hole horizon and allows us to make three observations.First,we find that chaotic behavior becomes stronger with increases in minimal length effects,leading predominantly to growth in the maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponents,while the KAM curves on Poincarésurfaces of a section tend to disintegrate into chaotic layers.Second,in the presence of the minimal length effects,it can take a finite amount of Rindler time for a particle to cross the Rindler horizon,which implies a shorter scrambling time of black holes.Finally,the model shows that some Lyapunov characteristic exponents can be greater than the surface gravity of the horizon,violating the recently conjectured universal upper bound.In short,our results reveal that quantum gravity effects may make black holes prone to more chaos and faster scrambling.