Tuntian System in Miao Region of Western Hunan in Independent Subprefecture Period

After the Miao insurgence in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods,the government of Qing Dynasty directly raised four separate subprefectures to the independent subprefecture( Zhili Ting),and the state power penetrated into villages of Miao People. The success of this strategy lies in adjustment of Qing government to taxation mode in Miao Region of Western Hunan,which formed the taxation mechanism dependent on Tuntian system. This has both the background of the times and the foresight and sagacity of designers,and shows unique rationalist spirit of the Confucian culture.

Precious trimetallic single-cluster catalysts for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalytic reactions:Theoretical considerations

Single cluster catalysts(SCCs),which exhibit remarkable catalytic performance due to their high metal loading and synergy effect between metal atoms,have attracted great attention in research.Herein,by means of density functional theory calculations,the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performances of precious metal(Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir)trimetallic single-cluster electrocatalyst(U_(x)V_(y)W_(z)-NG)are investigated.The calculation results show that Pt,Pd,Ir have significant effect on ORR,OER,HER,respectively,all the calculated U_(x)V_(y)W_(z)-NG structures are thermodynamically stable due to the negative formation energies and binding energies.The Pt_(3)-NG,Pd_(3)-NG,Ir_(3)-NG show the lowest ORR,OER,HER overpotentials of 0.63,0.77,−0.02 V,respectively,among all combinations of U_(x)V_(y)W_(z)-NG.These overpotentials are lower than that of precious metal single atom catalysts(SACs),which indicate better activities of precious trimetallic SCCs than those of SACs.The electronic structure reveals that the O-2p orbital shows strong hybridization strength with Pt-3d orbitals in the system of OH adsorbed Pt_(3)-NG and thus facilitates the electrocatalytic reactions.The results are helpful for the rational design of high-performance triatomic catalysts.

A mobile edge computing-based applications execution framework for Internet of Vehicles

Mobile edge computing(MEC)is a promising technology for the Internet of Vehicles,especially in terms of application offloading and resource allocation.Most existing offloading schemes are sub-optimal,since these offloading strategies consider an application as a whole.In comparison,in this paper we propose an application-centric framework and build a finer-grained offloading scheme based on application partitioning.In our framework,each application is modelled as a directed acyclic graph,where each node represents a subtask and each edge represents the data flow dependency between a pair of subtasks.Both vehicles and MEC server within the communication range can be used as candidate offloading nodes.Then,the offloading involves assigning these computing nodes to subtasks.In addition,the proposed offloading scheme deal with the delay constraint of each subtask.The experimental evaluation show that,compared to existing non-partitioning offloading schemes,this proposed one effectively improves the performance of the application in terms of execution time and throughput.

Inquest of Imperial Envoy: The True Depiction of an Inquest During the Qing Dynasty

Sir/Madam,Inquest of Imperial Envoy,[1]a picture by Zhang Zhiying,was included in the Dian Shi Zhai Pictorial[2]published in 1884.Jia Jingtao,the renowned expert on Chinese forensic history,confirmed that this picture was the first one to depict the process of an inquest in ancient China.[3]The text on this picture provides an introduction to this procedure,which is as follows:Two imperial envoys were sent to Hubei province to investigate a case in which the suspect’s surname was Yu.When the envoys Sun and Wu arrived in Hubei,they decided to conduct an inquest of the bones at Yamen on May 7 as per the lunar calendar.Four officers and a postmortem examiner sent by the Ministry of Justice arrived at the place,along with the imperial envoys,in order to restart the process of investigation.A total of 14 tables were placed in the court.The imperial envoys and governors sat to the north facing the south,whereas the other officers were seated on either side of the court.A moment later,the bones were brought to the court and placed correctly,following which they were transferred to a boiler to be burned as per the relevant procedural provisions.Another table was placed near the boiler for Nie Xian to supervise this process.When the process ended the postmortem examiner from the Ministry of Justice reported that there were two abnormalities on the bones,namely,a scar behind the head and the loss of a tooth.