Development of Oligo-GISH kits for efficient detection of chromosomal variants in peanut

Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.

意志和眼动控制的关系

意志是指个体自觉地确定目的,并根据目的来支配、调节行动,克服各种困难,从而实现目的的心理过程。作为自我控制眼跳的一种,反向眼跳包括抑制优势(反射性或朝向)眼跳反应、产生眼跳计划和执行眼跳等过程。本研究采用眼动追踪和问卷测量相结合的方法探讨了意志和眼动控制的关系。结果表明:在重复条件下,意志力分数与反向眼跳代价呈负相关;在转换条件下,如果排除前一试次的影响,意志力分数与反向眼跳代价也呈负相关。这说明意志提高了反向眼跳成绩的实质是意志对抑制过程的促进作用。

Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid（SA） and methyl jasmonic acid（Me JA）supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control（p ／ 0.01）. Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.

Motion Enhanced Model Based on High-Level Spatial Features

Action recognition has become a current research hotspot in computer vision.Compared to other deep learning methods,Two-stream convolutional network structure achieves better performance in action recognition,which divides the network into spatial and temporal streams,using video frame images as well as dense optical streams in the network,respectively,to obtain the category labels.However,the two-stream network has some drawbacks,i.e.,using dense optical flow as the input of the temporal stream,which is computationally expensive and extremely time-consuming for the current extraction algorithm and cannot meet the requirements of real-time tasks.In this paper,instead of the dense optical flow,the Motion Vectors(MVs)are used and extracted from the compressed domain as temporal features,which greatly reduces the extraction time.However,the motion pattern that MVs contain is coarser,which leads to low accuracy.In this paper,we propose two strategies to improve the accuracy:firstly,an accumulated strategy is used to enhance the motion information and continuity of MVs;secondly,knowledge distillation is used to fuse the spatial information into the temporal stream so that more information(e.g.,motion details,colors,etc.)is obtainable.Experimental results show that the accuracy of MV can be greatly improved by the strategies proposed in this paper and the final recognition for human actions accuracy is guaranteed without using optical flow.

LHD1,an Allele of DTH8/Ghd8,Controls Late Heading Date in Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common wild rice, the ancestor of cultivated rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated rice. Here, through map-based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci （QTL） LHD1 （Late Heading Date 1）, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of wild rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF-YB/CBF-A subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions.