A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic with wide spectral range and high wavelength resolution on HL-2A tokamak

A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy(D-OES)diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from the X-point plasma region on the HL-2 A tokamak.This diagnostic is composed of an imaging system,a beam-splitting system for dual-route measurements,fiber bundles,a spectrometer system,and a control and acquisition system.One route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra,and the other route is used to acquire high-wavelengthresolution line shapes.The spectral resolution of the wide-range spectrometers is 0.8 nm with a coverage of 800 nm(@200-1000 nm).The spectral resolution of the high-resolution spectrometer is 0.01 nm with a coverage of 6 nm(@200-660 nm).The spatial resolution of each route of D-OES is about 4 cm with 11 channels.The temporal resolution is 16 ms at maximum in the single-channel mode.Wide-range spectra(containing Balmer series and a Fulcher band)and highly resolved Ha line shapes are obtained by D-OES in the hydrogen glow discharge in the lab.D-OES measurements are carried out in the high-density deuterium experiments of HL-2A.The electron density n_(e)and deuterium temperature T_(D) in the X-point multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge(MARFE)region are derived simultaneously by fitting the measured D_(a) shape.The density n_(e)is observed to increase from~8.7×10^(18)m^(-3)to~7.8×10^(19)m^(-3),and the temperature T_(D)drops from~14.4 eV to~2.3 eV after the onset of MARFE in the discharge#38260.

Comparing effectiveness and safety of paclitaxel plus raltitrexed vs. paclitaxel alone in second-line palliative chemotherapy for metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma: A randomized phase Ⅱ clinical trial

Objective:Paclitaxel(P)is a standard second-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.This study compared the clinical outcome of a paclitaxel plus raltitrexed(RP)regimen as second-line treatment in metastatic gastric cancer(MGC)patients.Methods:An open,randomized,multi-center phase Ⅱ clinical trial was conducted involving 148 patients who were randomly assigned and treated with RP[raltitrexed(3 mg/m^(2)on day 1)and paclitaxel(135 mg/m^(2)on day 1 every 3 weeks)]or P[paclitaxel(135 mg/m^(2)on day 1 every 3 weeks)]as 2nd-line chemotherapy.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).The secondary endpoints were the overall response rate(ORR),overall survival(OS),and safety.Results:PFS had a tendency to be prolonged with RP compared to P(2.7 months vs.1.7 months;P=0.148).OS was also prolonged with RP compared to P(10.2 months vs.6.1 months;P=0.140).The ORR was equal in the RP and P groups(6.8%and 4.0%;P=0.72).The disease control rate(DCR)in the RP and P groups was 56.2%and 36.0%,respectively.Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 36.2%(RP)and 28.2%(P)of patients.Frequent grade 3-4 toxicities for RP and P were neutropenia(11.0%and 4.0%),anemia(1.4%and 4.0%),and thrombocytopenia(1.4%and 5.3%),and all grades of peripheral neurotoxicity(12.3%vs.17.3%).All grades of hepatic toxicity were demonstrated for the RP and P groups based on elevated aminotransferase levels(27.4%and 14.1%).Subgroup analysis shows if MGC was combined with ascites or peritoneal involvement,the OS of the RP regimen was longer(P=0.05).Conclusions:Second-line palliative chemotherapy with RP was shown to prolong the PFS and OS,especially among patients with ascites or peritoneal involvement,which warrants confirmation using larger sample studies.

Fine Characterization and Analysis of Drying Strain of the ELM Board via DIC Technology

In this paper,the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored.Therefore,strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm(Ulmus rubra)board at the temperature of 40℃and 80℃is detected via digital image correlation technology.Hence,the difference between tangential and radial strain at surface and core layers was denoted.The results showed that strain distribution in the width direction of the board is uneven.Moreover,a large drying shrinkage strain occurs at the near-core layer,while the maximum strain difference reaches 4.08%.Hence,the surface of the board is cracked along the thickness direction.The radial strain of the board is higher than the tangential strain in the early stage of drying,while these strains are reversed in the later stage of drying.The temperature is related to the difference between the tangential and radial strains of the elm board.These differences at the core layer are larger than those of the surface layer.The conducted research results provide a theoretical basis for process optimization.

屠宰体重对枣庄黑盖猪胴体及肉质的影响

试验选择屠宰体重100 kg、110 kg和120 kg左右的枣庄黑盖猪31头,依据体重分成3组,按照有关标准进行屠宰及胴体和肉质性状测定,分析了屠宰体重对枣庄黑盖猪胴体和肉质性状的影响。结果表明,屠宰体重对枣庄黑盖猪的部分胴体和肉质性状有显著影响。随着屠宰体重增加,胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积和肌内脂肪显著增加(P<0.05),游离水分显著降低(P<0.05)。背膘厚、板油与肾脏重、皮肥肉率、大理石纹评分、肌纤维直径和剪切力表现出随屠宰体重增加而逐渐增加的趋势,瘦肉率、滴水损失和失水率表现出随屠宰体重增加而逐渐降低的趋势,其他指标变化趋势均不明显。文章为枣庄黑盖猪胴体和肉质性能提供基础数据,同时也为确定其适宜的上市屠宰体重提供理论依据。

兼具高孔隙率和梯度孔隙结构的多孔钯块材的制备、表征及其电化学性能研究（英文）

钯材料广泛用于氢同位素储存和分离、催化和传感等领域.传统的负载钯催化材料具有优异的乙醇和甲醇等电化学催化氧化性能.除此之外,负载钯催化材料还具有优异的甲烷催化燃烧性能.然而,很多研究显示负载钯催化材料存在很多不足,例如在工程应用过程中不稳定,纳米颗粒会发生聚集和长大,进而引起材料性能急剧下降等.不同于钯片、海绵钯粉末和负载钯催化材料,多孔钯具有三维连通的孔隙结构,可避免团聚现象的发生.同时,多孔钯还具有一些特殊的物理化学性能.研究表明,梯度孔隙结构是一种高效的电化学催化结构.因而近年来很多研究者都致力于探索具有高孔隙率和梯度孔隙结构多孔钯块材的制备方法.已有的研究包括造孔剂法和模板法等,但上述方法制得的多孔钯块材均存在比表面积低或难以获得块体材料缺点.我们研究组发展了一种制备兼具高孔隙率和梯度孔隙结构的多孔钯块材的新方法.即通过以一定粒度的NaCl颗粒作为造孔剂放电等离子烧结制备PdAl合金复合块材,然后通过去离子水溶解获得多孔PdAl合金,最后经过在盐酸溶液中去合金化得到具有数十微米的宏观大孔和约10纳米的纳米孔等梯度孔隙结构的多孔钯块材.当造孔剂添加量为20 vol.%,制得了孔隙率高达88%且完整的多孔钯块材.对该多孔钯块材的力学性能进行了测试,其压缩强度为0.5 MPa.对该块材进行氮吸附测试,测试结果显示其比表面积达到54 m^2/g.我们进一步对该多孔钯块材的乙醇电化学催化氧化性能进行了研究.对不同扫描速度下多孔钯块材在KOH(1 mol/L)+乙醇(0.8 mol/L)溶液中电催化活性进行分析.随着扫描速率从10 mV/s提高到50 mV/s,正扫描峰电流密度也逐渐提高,且峰电位向正电位方向移动.对峰电流密度和扫描速率的平方根进行拟合,发现它们之间存在明显的线性关系,表明该电催化氧化行为是一个受扩散控制的过程.随着溶液中乙醇浓度不断增加,正扫描方向乙醇氧化峰的峰电流呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.这是因为乙醇基和羟基在钯表面的竞争性吸附造成的.当乙醇浓度较高时,乙醇基会占据钯表面大量的活性位,从而阻碍和抑制羟基的吸附.此时,羟基在钯表面的吸附成为电氧化反应的控制因素.因此,只有选择合适的乙醇浓度,才能更好地发挥材料的电催化性能.当乙醇浓度为2 mol/L时,峰电流最大,达到120 mA/cm^2,表明多孔钯块材具有优异的电催化性能,这与该材料的梯度孔隙结构、高比表面积和高孔隙率密切相关.进一步对多孔钯块材的催化稳定性进行研究.该多孔钯块材显示出了优异的催化稳定性,当经过50次循环后,乙醇氧化峰的峰电流仅下降到~110 mA/cm^2.

新冠疫情冲击下投资者情绪对中国原油期货价格的影响研究——基于门限VAR的实证分析

原油价格的波动关系到国家能源安全和国民经济。本文采用主成分分析法构建新冠疫情前和新冠疫情期间的原油期货市场综合投资者情绪指标,建立非线性的门限VAR模型,并进行脉冲响应分析,研究疫情前后投资情绪对原油期货价格的不同影响。研究结果表明,在低区制时,投资者情绪波动对原油期货价格具有正面影响;在中区制时,负面影响开始超过正面影响,并在高区制达到最大。并且在疫情期间,投资者情绪波动对原油期货价格的影响被放大。

A Target Grabbing Strategy for Telerobot Based on Improved Stiffness Display Device

Most target grabbing problems have been dealt with by computer vision system, however, computer vision method is not always enough when it comes to the precision contact grabbing problems during the teleoperation process, and need to be combined with the stiffness display to provide more effective information to the operator on the remote side. Therefore, in this paper a more portable stiffness display device with a small volume and extended function is developed based on our previous work. A new static load calibration of the improved stiffness display device is performed to detect its accuracy, and the relationship between the stiffness and the position is given. An effective target grabbing strategy is presented to help operator on the remote side to judge and control and the target is classified by multi-class SVM(supporter vector machine). The teleoperation system is established to test and verify the feasibility. A special experiment is designed and the results demonstrate that the improved stiffness display device could greatly help operator on the remote side control the telerobot to grab target and the target grabbing strategy is effective.

Effects of laccase incubated from white rot fungi on the mechanical properties of fiberboard

White rot fungi were optimized to cultivate highly active laccase. The characteristics of laccase incubated by continuous culture were compared with those of direct culture. The enzyme activity of laccase incubated by continuous culture technology reached a higher value on the fifth day of the growth. The optimization incubation time of high activity laccase was the eleventh day. A large amount of highly active laccase can be obtained in a relatively short time by continuous culture to replace traditional laccase. After laccase treatment, the lignin composition of wood fibers were oxidation-catalyzed by laccase. The number of chemical-bonding points between the wood fibers was increased. The wood fibers treated by laccase were fabricated into boards and their mechanical properties improved with the laccase-incubation times. Compared with the fiberboards made from fibers that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 5 days, the static bending strength of those that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 11 days was increased by 18.95%, the elastic modulus was increased by 35.49%, and the internal bond strength was increased by 44.11%.

Design,Interface Control and Synergistic Lithium Storage of 2D Oxide-based Ternary Heterostructures

Nano-sized transition metal oxides(TMOs),featured by such merits as high lithium storage capacities,rich resources and low cost,can realize low cost efficient lithium storage.Especially,2-dimensional(2D)TMO nanosheetscan provide larger electrode-electrolyte contact areas and shorter lithium diffusion pathways

Gate-tunable high-performance broadband phototransistor array of two-dimensional PtSe_(2) on SOI

Two-dimensional(2D)layered materials have attracted extensive research interest in the field of high-performance photodetection due to their high carrier mobility,tunable bandgap,stability,other excellent properties.Herein,we propose a gate-tunable,high-performance,self-driving,wide detection range phototransistor based on a 2D PtSe_(2)on silicon-oninsulator(SOI).Benefiting from the strong built-in electric field of the PtSe_(2)/Si heterostructure,the phototransistor has a fast response time(rise/fall time)of 36.7/32.6μs.The PtSe_(2)/Si phototransistor exhibits excellent photodetection performance over a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to near-infrared,including a responsivity of 1.07 A/W and a specific detectivity of 6.60×10^(9)Jones under 808 nm illumination at zero gate voltage.The responsivity and specific detectivity of PtSe_(2)/Si phototransistor at 5 V gate voltage are increased to 13.85 A/W and 1.90×10^(10) Jones under 808 nm illumination.Furthermore,the fabricated PtSe_(2)/Si phototransistor array shows excellent uniformity,reproducibility,long-term stability in terms of photoresponse performance with negligible variation between pixel cells.The architecture of present PtSe_(2)/Si on SOI platform paves a new way of a general strategy to realize high-performance photodetectors by combining the advantages of both 2D materials and conventional semiconductors which is compatible with current Si-complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)process.

Latest progress on fully non-fused electron acceptors for high-performance organic solar cells

Benefitting from the development of non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs),remarkable advances have been achieved with the power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 19%over the last few years.However,the major achievement comes from fused ring electron acceptors(FREAs)with complex structures,leading to high cost.Hence,it is urgent to design new materials to resolve the cost issues concerning basic commercial requirements of organic solar cells.Recently,great progress has been made in fully non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)with only single-aromatic ring in the electron-donating core,which might achieve a fine balance between the efficiency and cost,thus accelerating the commercial application of organic solar cells.Therefore,this article summarizes the recent advances of fully NFREAs with efficiency over 10%,which may provide a guidance for developing the cost-effective solar cells.

Distribution behavior of inclusions in compact-strip-produced martensitic steel and its influence on mechanical properties

The distribution behavior of inclusions in martensitic steel produced by compact strip production process(CSP-MS)and its influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated.The inclusions in the CSP-MS specimen are mainly composed of spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS,MnS with high aspect ratio and small-sized TiN,whereas many coarse cuboidal TiN inclusions do exist in conventional martensitic steel(Con-MS).The high inclusion density of the CSP-MS specimen resulted in lower total elongation and impact toughness,and the MnS inclusions with high aspect ratio led to significantly stronger mechanical anisotropy than that for Con-MS specimen.The in-situ tensile results indicated that when the fracture direction is parallel to MnS direction,the microcracks induced by MnS inclusions tend to propagate into the matrix,leading to the formation of valley-like features,which significantly deteriorate the properties such as the total elongation and impact toughness.The microcracks caused by TiN inclusions are sharper than those caused by spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS inclusions,and are easy to propagate into the matrix.This work is expected to guide the optimization of the mechanical properties of martensitic steels produced by CSP process and provide a theoretical basis for the CSP process design.

具有超薄Al_(2)O_(3)钝化层的高性能近红外PtSe_(2)/n-Ge异质结光电探测器

二维(2D)材料正被广泛用于宽带响应光电探测器(PD).然而,基于2D材料的宽带响应PD通常对红外波长的响应较差.在此,我们报告了垂直PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD在近红外照明下的优异光响应性能.我们直接硒化沉积在Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge上的Pt膜以形成PtSe_(2)层.超薄Al_(2)O_(3)钝化层起到表面改性的作用,有效地削弱了光生载流子的复合.在1550 nm的光照下,我们的PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD的工作面积为50μm×50μm,并在零偏压下获得了4.09 A W^(-1)、32.6/18.9μs的大响应度和快速上升/下降时间.在-5 V的外加电压下,PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD的响应度和响应速度分别高达38.18 A W^(-1)和9.6/7.7μs.我们发现器件的工作面积对光响应特性有很大的影响.此外,我们证明PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge PD阵列在室温下显示出了优异的紫外、可见光和红外成像能力.我们的研究表明,PtSe_(2)/超薄Al_(2)O_(3)/Ge异质结在设计具有优异近红外响应性能的新兴宽带光电子器件方面具有巨大的应用前景.

Exploring coupling coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality （1985-2010）： a case study from Lianyungang City, China

Urbanization processes affect the ecosystem through alterations in ecological functions and landscape patterns. Currently, analysis of the total ecosystem services value （ESV） has targeted the overall benefits which human beings obtain from the regional ecosystem but does not generally include information regarding ecological struc- tures and patterns. Therefore, the results cannot reflect the comprehensive state of the local ecosystem. We propose a new, integrative ecosystem quality indicator based on the ESV and landscape metrics for evaluating the quality of the regional ecosystem. We adopted the method of a coupled degree of coordination for evaluating the interrelationship between urbanization and ecosystem quality in Lianyun- gang City from 1985 to 2010. The coupling degree of coordination between urbanization and ecosystem quality showed an inverse U-shaped curve. At the primary stage of urbanization （1985-1995）, the degree of coupling of urbanization and the ecosystem was just barely balanced. From 1995 until 2000, the coupling system reached a balanced condition, in which the urbanization level increased. Since 2000, the urbanization process has accelerated. The coordination between urbanization and the ecosystem achieved the optimum condition in 2005. A turning point appeared at the same time, and the degree of coupling coordination began falling from the optimum. Subsequently, the coupled system once more entered a barely balanced state. Overall, the comprehensive level of ecosystem quality decreased since 1985 and degraded sharply after 2005, suggesting an overall degradation of the local ecosystem quality.

The Improved Characteristics of Bionic Gabor Representations by Combining with SIFT Key-points for Iris Recognition

Gabor filters are generally regarded as the most bionic filters corresponding to the visual perception of human. Their filtered coefficients thus are widely utilized to represent the texture information of irises. However, these wavelet-based iris representations are inevitably being misaligned in iris matching stage. In this paper, we try to improve the characteristics of bionic Gabor representations of each iris via combining the local Gabor features and the key-point descriptors of Scale Invariant Feature Transformation （SIFT）, which respectively simulate the process of visual object class recognition in frequency and spatial domains. A localized approach of Gabor features is used to avoid the blocking effect in the process of image division, meanwhile a SIFT key point selection strategy is provided to remove the noises and probable misaligned key points. For the combination of these iris features, we propose a support vector regression based fusion rule, which may fuse their matching scores to a scalar score to make classification decision. The experiments on three public and self-developed iris datasets validate the discriminative ability of our multiple bionic iris features, and also demonstrate that the fusion system outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.

Mechanistic understanding of the role separators playing in advanced lithium-sulfur batteries

The lithium-sulfur battery is considered one of the most promising candidates for portable energy storage devices due to its low cost and high energy density.However,many critical issues,including polysulfide shuttling,self-discharge,lithium dendritic growth,and thermal hazards need to be addressed before the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.To this end,tremendous efforts have been made to explore battery configurations and components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and separators,among which the separator plays an especially critical role in addressing aforementioned issues.Thus,this review analyzes the mechanisms and interactions of these critical issues and summarizes both the function of separators and recent progress made towards remedying such issues.Additionally,promising directions for the development of separators in lithium-sulfur batteries are proposed.

Analyzing the spatial patterns and drivers of ecosystem services in rapidly urbanizing Taihu Lake Basin of China

Quantifying and mapping the distribution patterns of ecosystem services can help to ascertain which services should be protected and where investments should be directed to improve synergies and reduce trade- offs. Moreover, the indicators of urbanization that affect the provision of ecosystem services must be identified to determine which approach to adopt in formulating policies related to these services. This paper presents a case study that maps the distribution of mukiple ecosystem services and analyzes the ways in which they interact. The relationship between the supply of ecosystem services and the socio-economic development in the Taihu Lake Basin of eastern China is also revealed. Results show a significant negative relationship between crop production and tourism income （p 〈 0.005） and a positive relationship between crop production, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration （p 〈 0.005）. The negative effects of the urbanization process on providing and regulating services are also identified through a comparison of the ecosystem services in large and small cities. Regression analysis was used to compare and elucidate the relative significance of the selected urbanization factors to ecosystem services. The results indicate that urbanization level is the most substantial factor inversely correlated with crop production （R2 = 0.414） and nutrient retention services （R2 = 0.572）. Population density is the most important factor that negatively affects carbon sequestration （R2 = 0.447）. The findings of this study suggest the potential relevance of ecosystem service dynamics to urbanization management and decision making.

From sand to fast and stable silicon anode:Synthesis of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres by aluminothermic reduction for lithium storage

As an alloying type anode material, silicon is a promising alternative of graphitic carbon due to its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Developing an industrially viable silicon anode, however, is still a huge challenge because of several problems: First of all, the common process to synthesize a silicon anode is complicated, costly, and energy-intensive. Besides, the huge volume expansion, inevitable side reactions with the electrolyte, and low intrinsic conductivity of silicon are eventually responsible for the poor cyclability and unsatisfactory rate capability. Herein, we aim to address these issues by proposing synthesis of hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres from sand by low-temperature aluminothermic reduction, which energetically combines a cost-effective silicon source with an energy-efficient, highyield methodology. The hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres effectively accommodate the diffusion-induced stress by providing the hollow interior and the void space. Moreover, the carbon shell not only functions as an electrolyte-blocking layer to protect the silicon yolk from undesirable side reactions and SEI formation, but also acts as a conductive framework to reduce the resistance to electron and Li^+ ion transport. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the hollow Si@void@C yolk-shell microspheres exhibit superior long-term cyclability and rate capability.

Characterization of the Trace Phosphorus Segregation and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steels

The segregation behavior of trace amount of phosphorus(P)and the mechanical properties of dual-phase(DP)steels have been systematically studied.The microstructure of DP steels is mainly composed of martensite,ferrite and nanoscale carbides.For the DP steels with diff erent trace amounts of P(≤0.015 wt%),P has almost no effect on the mechanical properties.Atom probe technology(APT)analyses confirm that P segregation was only found at the precipitate/matrix interface.Moreover,the precipitates of(Ti,Mo)C are widely distributed in the ferrite,martensite and ferrite/martensite interface regions.The special segregation feature of P would not concentrate at specific regions such as ferrite/martensite interface and/or martensite lath interface,which reveals that trace amounts of P(≤0.015 wt%)have almost no effect on the mechanical properties of DP steels.It is proved for the first time that the MC-type carbides of(Ti,Mo)C can reduce or eliminate the damage effect of P on the mechanical properties of steels,which provides a new way for the design of alloys to reduce P damage.This work will promote to increase the P content control standard in DP steels from 0.01 to 0.015 wt%,which will not change the mechanical properties,but greatly reduce the scrap rate and increase the energy e fficiency of the manufacturing process.