A 3D analysis of the occurrence of fractures in hot dry rock reservoirs based on the spatial distribution of natural fractures

Hot dry rock(HDR)geothermal energy is a kind of widely distributed clean energy with huge reserves.However,its commercial development has been constrained by reservoir stimulation.In the early stage of HDR geothermal energy development,properly determining spatial distribution patterns of natural fractures in HDR reservoirs can effectively guide reservoir stimulation.This study analyzes the spatial distribution of natural fractures by using FracMan software based on the actual geological data and log data of well M-2 in the Matouying Uplift area,Hebei Province.The fracture parameters are counted and Monte Carlo simulation technique is introduced to optimize the parameters,which makes the natural fracture model more accurate and reliable.Furthermore,this study simulates hydraulic fracturing using the model combined with the actual in-situ stress parameters and the construction scheme.As verified by fitting the changes in simulated wellhead pressure during hydraulic fracturing with the actual wellhead pressure data detected during construction,the methods for natural fracture modeling used in this study are scientific and reasonable.The preliminary prediction results show that the displacement design scheme with a pump displacement of 2.0-3.0 m^(3)/min,4.0-5.5 m^(3)/min and 6-7 m^(3)/min in the early,middle and late stages,respectively,has good fracturing effect.The results of this study can be utilized as a reference for preparing development schemes for HDR reservoirs.

Sevoflurane and nitric oxide synthase expression in rat cochlea

Sevoflurane exhibits anesthetic action by inhibiting the auditory cortex, brain stem nitric oxide synthase activity, and reducing nitric oxide （NO）, thereby interfering with the hearing process. However, the influence of sevoflurane on peripheric receptor （cochlea） NO remains poorly understood. Results from the present study showed that sevoflurane downregulated cochlear inducible NO synthase, endothelial NO synthase and neuronal NO synthase expression in a dose dependent manner. This suggests that sevoflurane can decrease cochlear NO synthase expression in a dose dependent manner.

Combustion Properties of Metal Particles as Components of Modified Double-Base Propellants

Metal particles such as aluminum（ Al）,magnesium（ Mg）,boron（ B） and nickel（ Ni）,as well as Mg/Al alloy（ Mg/Al = 3/4） are currently the most widely used ingredients in modified doublebase propellants. In this contribution,the combustion properties of the metal species are studied by means of the high-speed photography technique and the non-contact wavelet-based measurement of flame temperature distribution. The combustion process of the Al,Mg and Mg/Al samples shows both gas phase reaction and surface oxidation,which yield volatile and nonvolatile products,corresponding to the oxide and suboxide respectively. However,the combustion of B and Ni shows only gas phase reaction,due to their high melting point as well as high enthalpy of vaporization. In addition to the experiments,a hypothetical combustion model has been proposed to clarify the combustion characteristics of metal species in modified double-base propellants.

A Novel Retrograde AAV Variant for Functional Manipulation of Cortical Projection Neurons in Mice and Monkeys

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural networks.However,few retro-grade AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cor-tical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates(NHPs).Here,we report the development of a novel retro-grade AAV capsid,AAV-DJ8R,which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and macaques.In addition,intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral alterations.Moreover,AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque putamen.These data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.

保持凸组合映射及选择性量子测量的几何特征

令H和K为复Hilbert空间,2≤dim H≤∞,S(H)为H上所有量子态(即迹为1的正迹类算子)构成的凸子集.本文讨论S(H)到S(K)∪{0}保持凸组合的映射的刻画问题以及与量子测量之间的联系,并证明映射Φ:S(H)→S(K)保持严格凸组合并将纯态映为纯态的充分必要条件是下列结论之一成立:(1)存在K上纯态σ_(0)使得Φ(ρ)=σ_(0)对于所有ρ∈S(H)都成立;(2)Φ是单射选择性量子测量映射或单射选择性量子测量映射与转置映射的复合,即存在单射有界线性算子M:H→K使得Φ(ρ)=(MρM^(*))/(Tr(MρM^(*)))对于所有ρ∈S(H)成立,或Φ(ρ)=(Mρ^(t)M^(*))/(Tr(Mρ^(t)M^(*)))对于所有ρ∈S(H)成立;(3)存在σ_(0),σ_(1)∈S(K),其中σ_(0)是纯态,使得Φ(Pur(H))={σ_(0)},Φ(S(H))■[σ_(0),σ_(1)),进而存在映射h:S(H)→[0,1)使得,对于任意ρ_(1),ρ_(2)∈S(H)及任意t∈(0,1),都有h((1-t)ρ_(1)+tρ_(2)))=(1-s)h(ρ_(1))+sh(ρ_(2))对某个s∈(0,1)成立,并且Φ(ρ)=(1-h(ρ))σ_(0)+hρ)σ_(1)对于所有ρ∈S(H)都成立.特别地,情形(3)在H为有限维时不出现.最后,对于单量子比特系统即dim H=2的情形,给出从S(H)到S(K)∪{0}的保持凸组合并将纯态映为纯态或0的一般映射的刻画.以上结果揭示了选择性量子测量的几何特征.

Physical origins of ruled surfaces on the reduced density matrices geometry

The reduced density matrices(RDMs) of many-body quantum states form a convex set. The boundary of low dimensional projections of this convex set may exhibit nontrivial geometry such as ruled surfaces. In this paper, we study the physical origins of these ruled surfaces for bosonic systems. The emergence of ruled surfaces was recently proposed as signatures of symmetrybreaking phase. We show that, apart from being signatures of symmetry-breaking, ruled surfaces can also be the consequence of gapless quantum systems by demonstrating an explicit example in terms of a two-mode Ising model. Our analysis was largely simplified by the quantum de Finetti's theorem—in the limit of large system size, these RDMs are the convex set of all the symmetric separable states. To distinguish ruled surfaces originated from gapless systems from those caused by symmetrybreaking, we propose to use the finite size scaling method for the corresponding geometry. This method is then applied to the two-mode XY model, successfully identifying a ruled surface as the consequence of gapless systems.

CFTR is a negative regulator ofγδT cell IFN-γproduction and antitumor immunity

CFTR,a chloride channel and ion channel regulator studied mostly in epithelial cells,has been reported to participate in immune regulation and likely affect the risk of cancer development.However,little is known about the effects of CFTR on the differentiation and function ofγδT cells.In this study,we observed that CFTR was functionally expressed on the cell surface ofγδT cells.Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CFTR both increased IFN-γrelease by peripheralγδT cells and potentiated the cytolytic activity of these cells against tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation ofγδT cell IFN-γproduction by CFTR were either TCR dependent or related to Ca^(2+)influx.CFTR was recruited to TCR immunological synapses and attenuated Lck-P38 MAPK-c-Jun signaling.In addition,CFTR was found to modulate TCR-induced Ca^(2+)influx and membrane potential(Vm)-induced Ca^(2+)influx and subsequently regulate the calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway inγδT cells.Thus,CFTR serves as a negative regulator of IFN-γproduction inγδT cells and the function of these cells in antitumor immunity.Our investigation suggests that modification of the CFTR activity ofγδT cells may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer.

Respiratory flora:The potential biomarker of radiation-induced pulmonary injury

Radiation-induced pulmonary injury is a major dose-limiting toxicity that occurs due to thoracic radiotherapy.And the most widely used high-throughput technology,16S ribosomal RNA sequencing,is adopted for bacterial classification and identification of airway microbiome analysis.In this study,we provide novel insights into the composition pattern and predicted function of the lung microbiome in RIPI rats.Certain genus and species change in a dose-dependent manner,which might be capable of serving as novel bacterial biomarkers,as well as the potential targets for the future diagnosis or treatment of RIPI.In summary,our findings provide a vital reference for RIPI study,and will contribute to investigate the novel therapeutic or preventive management for RIPI.