Convective Storm VIL and Lightning Nowcasting Using Satellite and Weather Radar Measurements Based on Multi-Task Learning Models

Convective storms and lightning are among the most important weather phenomena that are challenging to forecast.In this study,a novel multi-task learning(MTL)encoder-decoder U-net neural network was developed to forecast convective storms and lightning with lead times for up to 90 min,using GOES-16 geostationary satellite infrared brightness temperatures(IRBTs),lightning flashes from Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM),and vertically integrated liquid(VIL)from Next Generation Weather Radar(NEXRAD).To cope with the heavily skewed distribution of lightning data,a spatiotemporal exponent-weighted loss function and log-transformed lightning normalization approach were developed.The effects of MTL,single-task learning(STL),and IRBTs as auxiliary input features on convection and lightning nowcasting were investigated.The results showed that normalizing the heavily skew-distributed lightning data along with a log-transformation dramatically outperforms the min-max normalization method for nowcasting an intense lightning event.The MTL model significantly outperformed the STL model for both lightning nowcasting and VIL nowcasting,particularly for intense lightning events.The MTL also helped delay the lightning forecast performance decay with the lead times.Furthermore,incorporating satellite IRBTs as auxiliary input features substantially improved lightning nowcasting,but produced little difference in VIL forecasting.Finally,the MTL model performed better for forecasting both lightning and the VIL of organized convective storms than for isolated cells.

多孔材料的二氧化碳吸附与光催化转化研究进展(英文)

太阳能光催化是CO_2转化和利用的新兴技术,直接利用洁净充足的太阳能将自然界富有的"温室气体"CO_2转化成化学燃料,不仅有利于消除大气温室效应,而且能缓解能源短缺问题,因而成为人们研究的一个重要方向.但目前CO_2的吸附和转换效率还很低,这是太阳能光催化CO_2资源化的最大障碍.高性能光催化剂的设计和合成是这项技术的关键.针对CO_2光还原反应的特异性,理想的光催化材料应该具有以下功能:强的CO_2吸附能力和高的光催化活性.将光催化剂与对CO_2具有高吸附性的多孔材料结合,就可以将CO_2吸附并富集在吸附剂周围的光催化剂表面上以进行催化转化,因此基于高效多孔吸附材料构筑光催化体系成为光催化转化CO_2的重要研究方向之一.CO_2的循环利用包括吸附和转化两方面,高吸附量的多孔材料是获得CO_2高转化效率的前提.本文首先以多孔材料结构参数及性能指标为主线,对无机多孔材料、金属有机框架材料及微孔有机聚合物材料的研究进展及应用前景进行了评述.通过对多孔材料的改性和新型多孔材料的开发,CO_2的吸附能力得到一定的提升,但是仅仅依靠多孔材料的吸附分离,不能实现CO_2中的碳资源循环.在此基础上,本文重点评述了多孔光催化材料在CO_2光催化转化中的最新研究进展.采用多孔材料与光催化剂结合,可增加材料的比表面积,在界面处暴露更多的活性位点,有利于光催化CO_2转化的进行;同时,通过孔结构和基团调控,可以调控光催化剂的反应活性和产物选择性.特别是金属有机框架材料与微孔有机聚合物材料,改变构建单元的官能团和制备技术还可以实现光谱响应范围的调控,提高太阳光的利用率.大量文献对比发现,引入较高CO_2吸附效率的多孔材料构建光催化体系,CO_2光催化转化的效率及产物选择性显著提高.最后,本文对多孔材料在CO_2光催化转化领域的研究现状与亟待解决的问题进行了剖析,提出了下一步可能的研究方向:(1)提高多孔材料自身的稳定性如耐水性能与光/热稳定性;(2)发展光催化材料在多孔载体的微观组装方法,不影响CO_2吸附效率的前提下提高光催化活性;(3)深入研究多孔光催化材料内部与表面的CO_2转化机理,为进一步提高吸附与转化效率提供理论指导.

无人船研究现状及内部构造展望

Following developments in artificial intelligence and big data technology,the level of intelligence in intelligent vessels has been improved.Intelligent vessels are being developed into unmanned surface vehicles(USVs),which have widely interested scholars in the shipping industry due to their safety,high efficiency,and energy-saving qualities.Considering the current development of USVs,the types of USVs and applications domestically and internationally are being investigated.USVs emerged with technological developments and their characteristics show some differences from traditional vessels,which brings some problems and advantages for their application.Certain maritime regulations are not applicable to USVs and must be changed.The key technologies in the current development of USVs are being investigated.While the level of intelligence is improving,the protection of cargo cannot be neglected.An innovative approach to the internal structure of USVs is proposed,where the inner hull can automatically recover its original state in case of outer hull tilting.Finally,we summarize the development status of USVs,which are an inevitable direction of development in the marine field.

Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp

The objectives of this study were to 1） determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis （SARA）; and 2） evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp （BP） as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17 day periods： 1） total mixed ration （TMR） containing 0% finely ground wheat （FGW） （WO）; 2） TMR containing 10% FGW （W10）; 3） TMR containing 20% FGW （W20）; and 4） TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn （BP10）. The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre （NDF） and acid detergent fibre （ADF） was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of 13-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity （TAC）, and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde （MDA）, super oxygen dehydrogenises （SOD）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.

Improvement of Soil Moisture Simulation in Eurasia by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model from CMIP5 to CMIP6

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of historical surface soil moisture simulation(1979-2012)over Eurasia at annual and seasonal time scales between two medium-resolution versions of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM)—one that is currently participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6),i.e.,BCC-CSM2-MR,and the other,BCC-CSM1.1m,which participated in CMIP5.We show that BCC-CSM2-MR is more skillful in reproducing the climate mean states and standard deviations of soil moisture,with pattern correlations increased and biases reduced significantly.BCC-CSM2-MR performs better in capturing the first two primary patterns of soil moisture anomalies,where the period of the corresponding time series is closer to that of reference data.Comparisons show that BCC-CSM2-MR performs at a high level among multiple models of CMIP6 in terms of centered pattern correlation and“amplitude of variation”(relative standard deviation).In general,the centered pattern correlation of BCC-CSM2-MR,ranging from 0.61 to 0.87,is higher than the multi-model mean of CMIP6,and the relative standard deviation is 0.75,which surmounts the overestimations in most of the CMIP6 models.Due to the vital role played by precipitation in land-atmosphere interaction,possible causes of the improvement of soil moisture simulation are further related to precipitation in BCC-CSM2-MR.The results indicate that a better description of the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation and a better reproduction of the climate mean precipitation by the model may result in the improved performance of soil moisture simulation.

Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease at Extremely High Altitudes in Tibet and the Establishment of a New Free Treatment Model

Background: This study aimed to illustrate the prevalence of CHD by screening children in extremely high-altitudeareas (over 4000 m to even 5000 m above sea level) and explore an aid model for early diagnosis and treatmentfor the Tibetan population. Methods: A total of 2242 students from different schools in Ngamring County,Xigaze City, Tibet from September 2019 to September 2020 were selected for screening. The students were examinedthrough the inquiry of their current medical history and family history, cardiac auscultation and a physicalexamination, in order to screen out the suspected cases of CHD, and then the suspected cases were confirmed bycardiac color ultrasound examinations. After that, positive patients were be transferred to Shandong Province forfree treatment. Results: The prevalence of CHD among children in Ngamring County was 3.70% (83 cases),which is the highest incidence rate ever reported. The most common type of CHD was patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), accounting for 55.42% of the total number of cases screened, followed by atrial septal defect (ASD) andventricular septal defect (VSD), accounting for 28.92% and 12.05%, respectively. The prevalence of CHD in childrenat high altitude was significantly higher than that in children at low altitude. The children with CHD weretransferred to Shandong Province for surgery, the operations were successful and their recoveries went well.Conclusions: The results show that high altitude is closely related to the prevalence of CHD, and the incidencein Ngamring County is much higher than that in previous reports.

High level of preoperative serum fibrinogen is a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective This study aimed to elucidate the association between the level of preoperative serum fibrinogen(PSF)and the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods From January 2010 to December 2016,all patients diagnosed with ESCC who underwent surgery in Qingdao Municipal Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Moreover,the fibrinogen levels of all patients were assessed before surgery,and hyperfibrinogenemia was diagnosed when the fibrinogen level was≥4.0 g/L.The impact of PSF on disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)was analyzed using the log-rank method and Cox proportional hazards regression model.P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 336 patients were finally analyzed,and approximately 102 patients(30.36%)were diagnosed with hyperfibrinogenemia before surgery.Hyperfibrinogenemia was associated with older age(≥70 years)(P=0.012),advanced pathological T stage(P=0.003),and lymph node involvement(P=0.024).Univariate analysis showed that patients with hyperfibrinogenemia had shorter DFS(1.96 years vs.3.64 years,P=0.001)and OS(2.27 years vs.4.15 years,P<0.001)than patients without hyperfibrinogenemia.Multivariate analysis confirmed that PSF was an independent factor affecting DFS(risk ratio[RR]:1.35,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.02-1.79,P=0.038)and OS(RR:1.37,95%CI:1.03-1.83,P=0.034)in patients with ESCC.Conclusion For patients with operable ESCC,hyperfibrinogenemia had poor prognosis.Moreover,PSF is an independent prognostic factor for operable ESCC.

Stress value in 2003 Dayao Ms6.1 earthquake source region

The Ms6.2 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake occurred on July 21, 2003, followed by a major Ms6.1 earthquake about 88 days later in the same region. Hypocenters of the two earthquakes are almost in the same place. Based on the P wave first motion polarities of the two aftershock sequences recorded by temporary stations, we have studied the stress field in the aftershock zone and obtained the two stress field directions in Dayao region using the new version of PKU_Grid^Test Software provided by Chunquan Yu. Assuming that the rotation of the stress field is caused by the second main shock, we estimated the crustal stress value in the focal region by using the stress value calculation method proposed by Yongge Wan. The estimated maximum, intermediate and minimum principal stresses are 166.3 MPa, 158.7 MPa and 151 MPa, respectively, before the second main shock. The normal and shear stresses projected on the fault plane of the second main shock before it occurred are 157.3 MPa, 7.4 MPa, and are 158.8 MPa, 0.2 MPa after it occurred, respectively. The perturbed input parameters experiments attest the stability of the solution. The result shows that the preseismic shear stress is larger than the post-seismic one, and their difference corresponds to the stress drop approximately. The estimated compressive stress level is very high, but the differential stress is low. The result is helpful for friction coefficient estimation, plate motion simulation and related studies.

基于自动识别系统和门控递归装置的港口流量预测模型

Water transportation today has become increasingly busy because of economic globalization.In order to solve the problem of inaccurate port traffic flow prediction,this paper proposes an algorithm based on gated recurrent units(GRUs)and Markov residual correction to pass a fixed cross-section.To analyze the traffic flow of ships,the statistical method of ship traffic flow based on the automatic identification system(AIS)is introduced.And a model is put forward for predicting the ship flow.According to the basic principle of cyclic neural networks,the law of ship traffic flow in the channel is explored in the time series.Experiments have been performed using a large number of AIS data in the waters near Xiazhimen in Zhoushan,Ningbo,and the results show that the accuracy of the GRU-Markov algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms,proving the practicability and effectiveness of this method in ship flow prediction.

Superconductivity of the FeSe/SrTiO3 Interface in View of BCS–BEC Crossover

In paired Fermi systems,strong many-body effects exhibit in the crossover regime between the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer(BCS)and the Bose–Einstein condensation(BEC)limits.The concept of the BCS–BEC crossover,which is studied intensively in the research field of cold atoms,has been extended to condensed matters.Here by analyzing the typical superconductors within the BCS–BEC phase diagram,we find that FeSe-based superconductors are prone to shift their positions in the BCS–BEC crossover regime by charge doping or substrate substitution,since their Fermi energies and the superconducting gap sizes are comparable.Especially at the interface of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO3 substrate,the superconductivity is relocated closer to the crossover unitary than other doped FeSe-based materials,indicating that the pairing interaction is effectively modulated.We further show that hole-doping can drive the interfacial system into the phase with possible pre-paired electrons,demonstrating its flexible tunability within the BCS–BEC crossover regime.

Superconducting gap evolution of kagome metal CsV3Sb5 under pressure

Kagome superconductors AV3Sb5(A=Cs,V,Sb) have served as an ideal platform to unveil the intriguing competitions between charge-density-wave(CDW),superconductivity and possible nontrivial topological states.We report soft point-contact spectroscopy(SPCS) studies on CsV3Sb5under pressure up to 2.5 GPa.Its superconducting transition temperature Tcand gaps for SPCS at pressure P=0.1 GPa suggest the absence of the adverse local strain effect as observed in point-contacts at ambient pressure,while the SPCS-determined Tcunder hydrostatic pressure deviates from the reported double dome feature below 2.5 GPa.Three distinct gap values in CsV3Sb5are proposed to exist through the whole pressure range with 2Δ1/kBTc≤1,2Δ2/kBTc~2.3-3.0 and 2Δ3/kBTc>3.5.The two smaller gaps for 2Δ1/kBTc≤1 and 2Δ2/kBTc~2.3-3.0 are robust under pressure,while there is no trace of the largest gap 2Δ3/kBTc>3.5 for SPCS in the c direction with P≤P1=0.7 GPa and P≥ P2=2.0 GPa and it becomes observable in the pressure range of(P1,P2),suggesting a complex relation between CDW and superconductivity between(P1,P2).

以变化的年循环为杠杆突破季节预测极限

该文以变化的年循环为杠杆尝试突破季节预测的极限,即从变化的年循环角度开发和验证一种全新的季节预测的方法,探索和推动季节预测的极限边界.该方案具有超越当前现有的动力和统计模型的预测能力,能够至少提前6个月连续且无缝隙地预测多省洪涝和干旱水文极端事件.研究结果表明,新方案能以更早的提前期无缝且连续地预测气候变量异常时空演变,有助于将季节预测的边界推向新的范式,为研究界和业务预报中短期气候预测瓶颈问题的突破提供了重要的科学依据.

Introducingωand O'nanodomains in Ti-6Al-4V:The mechanism of acceleratingα→βtransformation kinetics via electropulsing

Conventional kinetics theory for diffusion-controlled phase transformation shows that the reverse transition should lag behind the temperature rise through rapid heating,i.e.,overheating is required.In this work,we found that theβ-transus temperature decreased by∼50℃ during studying theα→βtransformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy via electropulsing treatment(EPT).The calculation suggests that the acceleration of transformation kinetics cannot be fully explained by Joule heat and athermal effects of the electromigration effect and electron wind theory.The microstructural evolution during EPT was systematically investigated utilizing scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission Kikuchi diffraction(TKD),and transmission electron micro-scope(TEM).Microscopic analysis shows that the nano-sizedωand O'phases formed in theβphase,which causes large numbers of lattice distortion regions.The defects are conducive to accelerating the bulk diffusion of alloying elements inβ.Moreover,the nanodomains limited the growth of martensite,therefore nanocrystalline martensite formed after quenching.These findings develop the understanding of the destructive effect of current on metallic crystal,which will help to guide microstructural regulation in titanium and other alloys.

人为管理措施诱导土壤微生物磷与土壤微生物碳氮内稳态解耦的代谢证据

微生物化学计量学理论能够预测微生物对碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的同化作用具有比例耦合性。这种耦合性被量化为稳态值,用于计算内稳性系数(H)。C、N、P的H值协变量表明,微生物对C、N、P的同化作用是耦合的。因此,在本文中我们利用全球数据集研究微生物C、N、P的H值在不同生物群落中的时空动态变化。研究结果表明,土地利用和人为管理措施导致P与C、N的代谢在时间和空间上解耦,并且我们利用结构方程模型(SEM)分析结果表明,土壤因子主导P的微生物动态平衡,而土壤元素含量则主导C和N的微生物动态平衡。利用机器学习算法得出的微生物P与微生物C和N的对比因子也证实了这一结果。总的来说,我们的研究强调了在营养循环中人为管理措施对微生物角色转变具有重要的影响。

Variant selection induced by electropulsing:Optimization in the microstructure of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4 V alloy

Selective laser melting(SLM)is one of the most popular addi-tive manufacturing(AM)technologies.As a near-net shape man-ufacturing method,it offers many advantages from the manufac-turing perspective and has attracted more and more current re-search interests in fabricating the workhorse titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V[1].Since the high cooling rate of the molten pool and complicated thermal cycle will result in a fine and metastableαmicrostructure,generally,post-process is required to optimize the microstructure for the widespread application need.Hot iso-static pressing(HIP)and traditional heat treatment are the main post-treatments for the SLM-built Ti-6Al-4 V component[2].How-ever,HIP is a high-cost process and most heat treatments could not achieve a microstructure with high strength-ductility synergy and thermostability,e.g.,sub-transus water quenched microstruc-ture showed superior mechanical properties,but the martensite is far from thermodynamic equilibrium;the sup-transus air cooled microstructure has high thermostability but exhibits low elonga-tion[3,4].

Evolution of the Nervous System Extrapolated from Ctenophore and the Resurrection of Golgi’s Reticular Theory?

For over a century,the structure and evolution of the nervous system have been at the center of debate among biologists.In the 19th century,Camillo Golgi first proposed that the nervous system is a syncytial continuum,with neurons being directly connected with shared cell membranes and cytoplasm[1].This concept is known as the reticular theory(also referred to as the syncytial theory).However,this view was later challenged by Santiago Ramon y Cajal,who put forward the neuronal doctrine[2].

Development of a high-power blue diode laser for precision vaporization of prostate tissue for the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia

This paper explores the advancement and application of high-power blue diode lasers in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Addressing the challenges posed by existing techniques,the study focuses on optimizing tissue removal methods.Energy platform for BPH should balance a range of factors,such as operative time,patient conditions,urinary functions,complications,durability,accessibility,and cost,all while prioritizing patient care.Blueray Medical's innovation of high-power blue diode laser systems for BPH surgery is explored,with emphasis on achieving a balance among these considerations.By illustrating the biomedical effects of lasers and their interaction with soft tissues,particularly emphasizing the role of photon absorption by biomolecules and proteins in tissue behavior,this study outlines the advantages of the highpower blue diode laser system.The initial laboratory experiments and clinical results consistently align with our theoretical predictions,especially in terms of tissue vaporization efficiency,tissue coagulation,and bleeding control.In conclusion,blue diode lasers hold potential to enhance surgical outcomes for BPH.Their unique properties offer benefits like improved tissue removal rate and reduced thermal damages.Integrating blue laser technology into BPH protocols could lead to shorter hospital stays,cost savings,and expanded patient eligibility,although rigorous clinical studies are needed to fully understand their benefits and limitations.

滋肾育胎丸治疗早期先兆流产HLA-G介导的母-胎免疫耐受效应:一项随机对照研究

目的探讨滋肾育胎丸干预早期先兆流产人类白细胞抗原-G(human leukocyte antigen-G,HLA-G)介导的母-胎免疫耐受效应。方法采用单盲、随机、对照研究,选取2018年1月至2019年12月期间于南京中医药大学附属苏州市中医医院妇二科门诊及住院治疗的150例早期先兆流产患者作为研究对象,纳入患者通过计算机产生随机数进行随机化分组,分为滋肾育胎丸组、补肾健脾方组和地屈孕酮片组,每组50例,分别给予滋肾育胎丸、补肾健脾方及地屈孕酮片治疗至孕12周,主要结局指标为血清HLA-G和妊娠结局;次要结局指标为①CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞水平;②血清雌二醇、孕酮、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic hormone,hCG)水平;③盆腔超声情况;④中医证候评分。结果①HLA-G水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前升高(P均<0.05),治疗后滋肾育胎丸组[(352.54±102.40)IU/mL]、补肾健脾方组[(353.76±98.92)IU/mL]较地屈孕酮片组[(306.90±60.74)IU/mL]明显升高(P=0.024,P=0.016),滋肾育胎丸组与补肾健脾方组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②CD4水平:治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(34.82%±6.99%)、补肾健脾方组(36.10%±6.44%)较治疗前下降(37.66%±7.43%,P=0.004;39.72%±7.07%,P<0.001);CD8水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前明显下降(P均<0.05),治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(20.40%±4.12%)、补肾健脾方组(19.92±4.68%)较地屈孕酮片组(24.06%±5.29%)下降明显(P<0.001,P<0.001);CD4/CD8:治疗后三组较治疗前上升明显(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.001),治疗后补肾健脾方组(1.94±0.65)较地屈孕酮片组(1.64±0.50)显著上升(P=0.044);NK细胞水平:治疗后滋肾育胎丸组(10.78%±2.79%)、补肾健脾方组(10.70%±3.22%)均较治疗前(14.36%±3.73%,15.12%±6.06%)下降(P均<0.001),且分别明显低于地屈孕酮片组(14.03%±5.48%)(P=0.001,P=0.001)。③雌二醇、孕酮、hCG水平:治疗后三组均较治疗前升高(P均<0.001),其中治疗后孕酮水平滋肾育胎丸组[(33.20±6.19)ng/L]、补肾健脾方组[(33.92±7.83)ng/L]较地屈孕酮片组[(25.56±6.06)ng/L]均显著升高(P均<0.001)。④中医证候评分:治疗后三组均明显下降(P均<0.001),其中滋肾育胎丸组[2.00(1.25)分]较补肾健脾方组[3.00(2.00)分]、地屈孕酮片组[9.00(2.00)分]评分下降更为明显(P=0.002,P<0.001)。⑤妊娠结局三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论滋肾育胎丸通过上调HLA-G水平介导母-胎免疫耐受,改善妊娠结局;其临床效应与补肾健脾方相当,并优于地屈孕酮片;在安胎方面具有临床疗效确切,携带、服用方便等优势,值得在早期先兆流产治疗中推广使用。

戒毒人民警察视角下戒毒人员吸毒原因、心理矫治理论及技术研究

研究者对来自4个省的257名戒毒人民警察进行问卷调查,通过使用NVivo、SPSS等软件进行分析,发现戒毒人民警察评价的戒毒人员吸毒主要原因依次是:毒圈朋友的影响、家庭的影响、社会的影响、吸毒环境的影响、好奇心等。研究发现影响初吸的首要因素是好奇心,而影响复吸的首要因素却是毒友朋友圈。研究发现戒毒人民警察运用的戒毒心理矫治理论按照影响排序主要有:行为主义理论、精神分析理论、社会学习理论、人本主义理论。戒毒人民警察应用的戒毒心理矫治技术,按照影响力排序依次为沙盘疗法、宣泄技术、团体咨询、认知行为技术、心理咨询、厌恶疗法、内观疗法、经颅磁技术等。