A Deep Residual PLS for Data-Driven Quality Prediction Modeling in Industrial Process

Partial least squares(PLS)model is the most typical data-driven method for quality-related industrial tasks like soft sensor.However,only linear relations are captured between the input and output data in the PLS.It is difficult to obtain the remaining nonlinear information in the residual subspaces,which may deteriorate the prediction performance in complex industrial processes.To fully utilize data information in PLS residual subspaces,a deep residual PLS(DRPLS)framework is proposed for quality prediction in this paper.Inspired by deep learning,DRPLS is designed by stacking a number of PLSs successively,in which the input residuals of the previous PLS are used as the layer connection.To enhance representation,nonlinear function is applied to the input residuals before using them for stacking highlevel PLS.For each PLS,the output parts are just the output residuals from its previous PLS.Finally,the output prediction is obtained by adding the results of each PLS.The effectiveness of the proposed DRPLS is validated on an industrial hydrocracking process.

Antipyretic Effect and Action Mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid

[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast injection.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat serum and the contents of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay;the model of yeast-induced fever in rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),rectal temperature of the rats was determined,the contents of TNF-αand IL-1βin serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]After the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the body temperature of rats in the yeast-induced fever model was significantly reduced,the IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in serum were significantly reduced,the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus was significantly reduced,while the NE content was significantly increased;after 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of LPS,the body temperature of the model rats increased significantly;after the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the increase in rectal temperature of LPS-induced fever model rats decreased,and the TNF-αand IL-1βcontents in serum and cAMP and PGE2 contents in hypothalamus of model rats were significantly decreased.[Conclusions]Jinzhen Oral Liquid has a significant antipyretic effect,and its action mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory factors in the serum,thereby inhibiting the generation of pyrogenic media in the hypothalamus.

Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy,largely owing to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activities of MSCs.Here,we hypothesize that the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway(CAP),which is recognized as a neuroimmunological pathway,may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate ARDS.Using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and bacterial lung inflammation models,we found that inflammatory cell infiltration and Evans blue leakage were reduced and that the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)and vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT)in lung tissue were significantly increased 6 hours after MSC infusion.When the vagus nerve was blocked orα7 nicotinic acetylcholine(ACh)receptor(α7nAChR)-knockout mice were used,the therapeutic effects of MSCs were significantly reduced,suggesting that the CAP may play an important role in the effects of MSCs in ARDS treatment.Our results further showed that MSC-derived prostaglandin E2(PGE2)likely promoted ACh synthesis and release.Additionally,based on the efficacy of nAChR andα7nAChR agonists,we found that lobeline,the nicotinic cholinergic receptor excitation stimulant,may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and alleviate respiratory symptoms of ARDS patients in a clinical study(ChiCTR2100047403).In summary,we reveal a previously unrecognized MSC-mediated mechanism of CAP activation as the means by which MSCs alleviate ARDS-like syndrome,providing insight into the clinical translation of MSCs or CAP-related strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS.

The clinical implication of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in COVID-19

Background and aim:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a life-threatening disease that predomi-nantly causes respiratory failure.The impact of COVID-19 on other organs remains elusive.Herein,we aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the hepatobiliary system.Methods:In the current study,we obtained the clinical records and laboratory results from 66 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 at the Wuhan Tongji Hospital between 10 February 2020 and 28 February 2020.The detailed clinical features and laboratory findings were collected for analysis.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).Results:In this cohort,30(51.7%)patients had abnormal liver function on admission,which was asso-ciated with disease severity and enriched in the male and diabetic patients.The elevated levels of direct bilirubin(P¼0.029)and GGT(P¼0.004)were common in patients with severe pneumonia when compared with those with mild pneumonia.In addition,elevated levels of GGT(P¼0.003)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P¼0.007)were positively associated with longer hospital stay.The expression of ACE2 was closely associated with GGT in various human tissues because they shared the common transcriptional regulator hepatic nuclear factor-1 b(HNF1B).Conclusions:Increased GGT levels were common in severe cases and elevated GGT levels were positively associated with prolonged hospital stay and disease severity.Due to the consistent expression with ACE2,GGT is a potent biomarker indicating the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Evaluating the Impact of Trichoderma brevicompactum 31636 on Root Rot of Atractylodes macrocephala and the Fungal Community in the Rhizosphere Soil

Background:Trichoderma brevicompactum can control of plant diseases,but there are few studies about the control of root rot by T.brevicompactum 31636 and its biocontrol mechanism.Objective:To explore the impact of T.brevicompactum 31636 on root rot and the structure of fungal communities of rhizosphere soil.Methods:The effect of T.brevicompactum 31636 on controlling root rot was assessed,the growth of plants was observed by pot experiments,and the fungal structure was detected by high-throughput sequencing analysis.Results:Compared with the CK(healthy plants)group,the plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight increased by 55.3%,48.55%and 57.8%,respectively.While the concentration of atractylenolideⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and atractylone increased by 19.35%,16.96%,89.42%and 89.32%,respectively.The results of pot experiments indicated that T.brevicompactum 31636 could significantly improve the survival rate of Atractylodes macrocephala.The results of principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)showed that the sample of CK and Fo+Th(adding Fusdrium oxysporum before T.brevicompactum 31636)group on one side,and samples of Th and Fo group on the other.Furthermore,among the top 20 dominant fungi detected,the fungal genus with 1%increase of relative abundance included Trichoderma(1%),Sordariomycetes(1.5%),Mortierella(1.3%),Penicillium(1%),meanwhile the fungal genus with 1%decrease of relative abundance included Fusarium(30%)and Pleosporales(1%).Conclusion:In summary,T.brevicompactum 31636 can control the root rot of A.macrocephala by regulating of the soil fungal community and inhibiting pathogen.

因既往未知的原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进引起的危及生命的十二指肠溃疡出血

Peptic ulcer bleeding due to primary hyperparathyroidism is extremely rare.We report a case of a 42-year-old male with life-threatening acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to a duodenal ulcer and a history of kidney stones.Gastroscopic therapy,Billroth II gastrointestinal anastomosis and angiographic embolization were sequentially conducted to arrest the hemorrhage.A complete investigative work-up revealed that the duodenal ulcer bleeding was due to primary hyperparathyroidismcoexisting with a parathyroid adenoma.Following this event,the patient developed a severe abdominal cavity infection and sepsis.An elective parathyroidectomy was performed,and the histology was confirmed to be a typical parathyroid adenoma.Postoperatively,the patient’s calcium and parathyroid levels were normalized.Attention should be paid to patients with an upper gastrointestinal ulcer,especially when it is accompanied by kidney stones.