Significance of Golgi Protein 73, Alpha-Fetoprotein and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Diagnosis of Primary Hepatic Cancer

Aim: We measured Golgi protein73 (GP73), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in primary hepatic cancer (PHC) and assessed their clinical significance. Methods: Forty-five PHC and tumor-adjacent specimens and 14 normal liver specimens were examined. GP73, AFP, and VEGF expression was measured via immunohistochemistry and a correlation of protein expression with clinical pathology of PHC was suggested. Results: GP73, AFP, and VEGF expression was significantly higher in PHC and tumor-adjacent tissue compared to tumor-adjacent tissue (0.143 ± 0.018 vs. 0.124 ± 0.027, 0.116 ± 0.026 vs. 0.098 ± 0.014, and 0.126 ± 0.027 vs. 0.092 ± 0.016, respectively;all p 0.088 ± 0.029, 0.098 ± 0.014 vs. 0.073 ± 0.011, and 0.092 ± 0.016 vs. 0.076 ± 0.018, respectively;all p < 0.05), respectively. GP73 expression was positively correlated with pathological grade and cirrhosis, but not with tumor size, nodules, clinical stage and serum AFP. VEGF expression was positively correlated with tumor size, nodules, portal vein tumor thrombus, and clinical stage, but not with the degree of tumor differentiation and serum AFP. Expression of GP73 and VEGF was greater than that of AFP in PHC (both p < 0.05). Conclusion: GP73 is highly expressed in PHC and may be a diagnostic marker. Combined detection of GP73, AFP, and VEGF is helpful for diagnosis of PHC.

Accumulation mechanism of mantle-derived helium resources in petroliferous basins, eastern China

A series of marginal-sea basins and fault-depression basins were formed in eastern China under the background of subduction of the West Pacific plate.Different types of helium-rich natural gas reservoirs(He>1000 ppm,1 ppm=1μmol mol^(-1))have been found in these basins:helium-rich CO_(2)gas reservoirs,helium-rich N_(2)gas reservoirs,and helium-rich hydrocarbon gas reservoirs.Based on the analysis of gas geochemical data,the source and accumulation mechanism of helium in these heliumrich natural gas reservoirs were discussed.Helium-rich natural gas has relatively high 3He/4He ratios(0.88-4.91 Ra,average 2.82 Ra).The ^(3)He/^(4)He ratio characteristics of mantle xenoliths and mantle-derived CO_(2)gas reservoirs indicate that the helium in these helium-rich natural gas reservoirs is mainly mantle-derived(>70%).The original mantle volatile is mainly CO_(2)with a low helium concentration(He<200 ppm),and the enrichment of mantle-derived helium in the gas reservoir is mainly related to the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2).During this process,the CO_(2)/3He ratio decreases from 2×10^(9)to approximately 2×10^(6).As CO_(2)dissolves and mineralizes,the concentration of conservative gases(He and N_(2))increases in the remaining CO_(2)gas proportionally to the loss of CO_(2).Large amounts of carbonate minerals,such as dawsonite,which are relatively enriched in 13C,are found in CO_(2)reservoirs in eastern China.The relative enrichment of^(12)C in residual CO_(2)gas is important evidence of the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2).The relative abundance of mantle-derived helium and N_(2)gas increases thousands of times during the dissolution and mineralization of CO_(2),which is the main accumulation mechanism of mantle-derived helium-rich CO_(2)gas reservoirs and helium-rich N_(2)gas reservoirs.Helium-rich gas from the mantle is mixed with alkane gas generated by organic matter in the sedimentary basin to form helium-rich hydrocarbon gas reservoirs.

Producing Regenerated Gratings in Hydrogen-Loaded Single Mode Fiber by Heat Treatment

The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） is a passive optical fiber component with the refractive index modulated along the fiber length and has been widely applied in fiber sensing systems. High-temperature stable fiber gratings are promising for uses at high temperatures and attract extensive attention. In this paper, FBGs were inscribed in hydrogen loaded standard single mode fibers with the 248-nm excimer laser, and regenerated gratings were obtained through heat treatment. The shift of the central wavelength of the regenerated FBG had a good linearity with temperature, and the reflectivity of the regenerated FBG could almost keep unchanged at 800 ℃.