Effect of light and nutrients on interspecific interactions between submerged macrophytes:implications for restoration of multispecies aquatic vegetation in eutrophic lakes

Constructing multispecies submerged vegetation systems and maintaining stable seasonal succession is crucial for restoring shallow eutrophic lakes.However,little is known about the interactions between successional and existing species of different growth forms,particularly under the low light and high nutrient conditions of eutrophic lakes.We measured the functional traits of mature Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara plants and Potamogeton crispus L.shoots in monoculture and mosaic patterns under different light and nutrient conditions.The effect of light on functional traits of the submerged macrophyte species was more significant than that of nutrients,but the reverse was true for P.crispus biomass allocation.Moreover,interspecific interactions affected only the submerged macrophytes under the low light condition and varied with species.Specifically,the interaction of P.crispus to V.natans was biased towards competition,while the interaction of V.natans to P.crispus was converted from facilitation to competition by eutrophication,particularly in the homogenous mosaic growth pattern.This study demonstrates that sufficient light is a prerequisite and patch planting is an effective means to form a multispecies submerged vegetation system.In addition,we emphasize that the coexistence of eutrophication and low light will likely result in a competition between submerged macrophytes thus simplifying the vegetation,even if their growth forms and growing seasons are different.These findings help explain the collapse of multispecies submerged vegetation and guide the restoration of aquatic plants in eutrophic lakes.

JaponiconeA induces apoptosis of bortezomib-sensitive and -resistant myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting IKKβ

Objective:Multiple myeloma(MM)remains incurable with high rates of relapse.New therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently needed to improve the prognosis.JaponiconeA(JA),a natural product isolated from Inula japonica Thunb,has shown good anti-MM potential.A comprehensive study should therefore be conducted to identify both the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of the anti-MM effects of JA.Methods:CCK8 assays and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle of MM cell lines when treated with JA.In vivo experiments were conducted using subcutaneous xenograft mouse models.We also identified possible targets and the mechanism of JA using RNA-seq and c-Map databases,and identified the specific targets of JA in bortezomib-sensitive and-resistant MM cell lines using CETSA,DARTS,and rescue experiments.Furthermore,JA and bortezomib were used separately or together to characterize their possible synergistic effects.Results:In vitro,JA inhibited proliferation,and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in MM cell lines,and selectively killed primary CD138+MM cells.In vivo,JA also demonstrated a strong anti-tumor effect with no observable toxicity.In addition,JA showed synergetic effects in combination with bortezomib,and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of bortezomib in bortezomibresistant cells.CETSA and DARTS confirmed direct binding of JA to NF-κB inhibitor kinase beta(IKKβ),and overexpression of IKKβor knockdown of IκBαpartially rescued the apoptosis induced by JA.Conclusions:JA exhibited strong anti-tumor effects in MM.It sensitized myeloma cells to bortezomib and overcame NF-κB-induced drug resistance by inhibiting IKKβ,providing a new treatment strategy for MM patients.

Wavelet analysis of quasi-3-year temperature oscillations in China in last 50 years, and predicted changes in the next 20 years

The wavelet analysis method is used to analyze the annual and winter temperature data of 98 observation stations in China in eight climate zones during the last 50 years(1961–2009).The periodicities of temperature changes are investigated,and the possible temperature change trends in China in the next 20 years(2012–2029)are also predicted.Our results show that in the inter-annual temperature variability there are pervasive quasi-3-to quasi-4-year cycles,and these cycle changes are relatively steady.The periodic characteristics of the annual temperature changes are clearly different between northern and southern China,and our period superimposition extrapolation shows that both annual and winter temperatures in China will continue to increase in the next 20 years,more so in northern China and in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)than in the southern region,except in the southwest.If temperatures follow historic increasing linear trends,the overall temperature is expected to increase by 1°C between 2010 and 2029.

Stoichiometric flexibility regulates the co-metabolism effect during organic carbon mineralization in eutrophic lacustrine sediments

Several studies have suggested the pivotal roles of eutrophic lakes in carbon(C)cycling at regional and global scales.However,how the co-metabolism effect on lake sediment organic carbon(OC)mineralization changes in response to integrated inputs of labile OC and nutrients is poorly understood.This knowledge gap hinders our ability to predict the carbon sequestration potential in eutrophic lakes.Therefore,a 45-day microcosm experiment was conducted to examine the dominant mechanisms that underpin the co-metabolism response to the inputs of labile C and nutrients in lacustrine sediments.Results indicate that the labile C addition caused a rapid increase in the positive co-metabolism effect during the initial stage of incubation,and the co-metabolism effect was positively correlated with the C input level.The positive co-metabolism effect was consistently higher under high C input,which was 152%higher than that under low C input.The higherβ-glucosidase activity after nutrient addition,which,in turn,promoted the OC mineralization in sediments.In addition different impacts of nutrients on the co-metabolism effect under different C inputs were observed.Compared with the low nutrient treatments,the largest co-metabolism effect under high C with high nutrient treatment was observed by the end of the incubation.In the high C treatment,the intensity of the co-metabolism effect(CE)under high nitrogen treatment was 1.88 times higher than that under low nitrogen condition.However,in the low C treatment,the amount of nitrogen had limited impact on co-metabolism effect.Our study thus proved that the microorganisms obviously regulate sediment OC turnover via stoichiometric flexibility to maintain a balance between resources and microbial requirements,which is meaningful for evaluating the OC budget and lake eutrophication management in lacustrine sediments.

Host protection against Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages by prior vaccination in spring 2022 COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai

The Omicron family of SARS-CoV-2 variants are currently driving the COVID-19 pandemic.Here we analyzed the clinical laboratory test results of 9911 Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages-infected symptomatic patients without earlier infection histories during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Shanghai in spring 2022.Compared to an earlier patient cohort infected by SARS-CoV-2 prototype strains in 2020,BA.2.2 infection led to distinct fluctuations of pathophysiological markers in the peripheral blood.In particular,severe/critical cases of COVID19 post BA.2.2 infection were associated with less pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and stronger interferon alpha response in the bronchoalveolar microenvironment.Importantly,the abnormal biomarkers were significantly subdued in individuals who had been immunized by 2 or 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 prototypeinactivated vaccines,supporting the estimation of an overall 96.02% of protection rate against severe/critical disease in the 4854 cases in our BA.2.2 patient cohort with traceable vaccination records.Furthermore,even though age was a critical risk factor of the severity of COVID-19 post BA.2.2 infection,vaccination-elicited protection against severe/critical COVID-19 reached 90.15% in patients aged≥60 years old.Together,our study delineates the pathophysiological features of Omicron BA.2.2 sublineages and demonstrates significant protection conferred by prior prototype-based inactivated vaccines.

Frequency regulation in alternation-current transports across metal to insulator transitions of thin film correlated perovskite nickelates

Although the metal to insulator transition(MIT)observed in d-band correlated metal oxides enables promising applications(e.g.,correlated logical devices and Mottronic devices),its present recognition is mainly limited on the direct current(DC)electrical transports.Up to date,the MIT from the perspective of alternation current(AC)transport and its potential electronic applications remains yet unclear.Herein,we demonstrate the frequency(f_(AC))dependence in the impedance(Z=Z’+iZ″)of typical MIT materials,such as thin film rare-earth nickelates(Re NiO_(3)),across the critical MIT temperature(T_(MIT)).Apart from the abrupt change in the impedance modulus(|Z|)across the critical temperature(T_(MIT))similar to the DC transport,the MIT also triggers non-continuous variation in the impedance phase(θ),and this enables the f_(AC)-regulations in the Z’-T tendencies(Z’=|Z|cosθ).At the critical f_(AC) range(e.g.,104-106 Hz),the con-versing variations in|Z|-T and cosθ-T across T_(MIT) result in non-monotonic delta-shape Z’-T tendency in Sm_(x) Nd_(1-x) NiO_(3),the full width half maximum of which is effectively narrowed compared to the situation with the absence of MIT.Further imparting lower or higher f_(AC) elevate the domination in|Z|-T and cosθ-T,respectively,but also enables abrupt Z’-T tendencies across T_(MIT) showing negative temperature coefficient of resistance(NTCR)or positive temperature coefficient of resistance(PTCR).By introducing f_(AC) as a new freedom,the MIT behavior can be more comprehensively regulated electronically,and this extends the vision in exploring the new electronic applications based on the correlated MIT materials from the AC perspective.

Fe_(3)O_(4)-rhodamine 6G nanoparticles:An iron enhanced pH sensitive multimodal probe for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of tumor cell

The accurate diagnosis of tumor at the early stage depends on efficient medical imaging methods using probes with high sensitivity to the environment of tumor cells.For this purpose,we design the Fe_(3)O_(4)-rhodamine 6 G(Rh6G)nanoparticles(NPs)as a kind of dual-mode probe for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The Fe_(3)O_(4)-Rh6G NPs are demonstrated to be Fe^(3+)enhanced and pH-sensitive fluorescent agents,and the strongest fluorescence performance occurs under the pH value of 3.Cyto-toxicity assessment in HeLa cells proves the good biocompatibility and low toxicity of the Fe_(3)O_(4)-Rh6G NPs.The consequent fluorescence experiments in tumor cells show good imaging contrast,which is con-tributed by both the Fe^(3+)released from Fe_(3)O_(4)and the acid environment of tumor cells.Moreover,the Fe_(3)O_(4)-Rh6G NPs are superparamagnetic and have a strong MRI T 2 contrast effect.According to the per-formance in fluorescence and MRI tests,the Fe_(3)O_(4)-Rh6G NPs are potential dual-mode probes for MRI contrast agents and fluorescence probes with high biocompatibility for early-stage tumor detection.

基因组分析揭示拟茎点霉XP-8产松脂醇及其糖苷等多种次级代谢产物的合成途径（英文）

【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。

High-resolution, full-color quantum dot light-emitting diode display fabricated via photolithography approach

Displays play an extremely important role in modern information society,which creates a never-ending demand for the new and better products and technologies.The latest requirements for novel display technologies focus on high resolution and high color gamut.Among emerging technologies that include organic light-emitting diode(OL ED),micro light-emiting diode(micro-LED),quantum dot light-emitting diode(QLED),laser display,holographic display and others,QLED is promising owing to its intrinsic high color gamut and the possibility to achieve high resolution with photolithography approach.However,previously demonstrated photolthography techniques suffer from reduced device performance and color Impurities in subpixels from the process.In this study,we demonstrated a sacrificial layer assisted patterming(SLAP)approach,which can be applied in conjunction with photolithography to fabricate high-resolution,full-colo quantum dot(QD)patterns.In this approach,the negative photoresist(PR)and sacrificial layer(SL)were uilized to determine the pixels for QD deposition,while at the same time the SL helps protect the QD layer and keep it intact(named PR-SL approach).To prove this method's viability for QLED display manufacture,a 500-ppi,full-color passive matrix(PM)-QLED prototype was fabricated via this process.Results show that there were no color impurities in the subpixels,and the PM-QL ED has a high color gamut of 114%National Television Standards Committee(NTSC).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first ull-olor QLED prototype with such a high resolution.We anticipate that this innovative patteming technique will open a new horizon for future display technologies and may lead to a disruptive and innovative change in display industry.

Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)is caused by a newly discoveredβcoronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).How long the adaptive immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can last is of critical clinical relevance in assessing the probability of second infection and efficacy of vaccination.Here we examined,using ELISA,the IgG antibodies in serum specimens collected from 17 COVID-19 patients at 6–7 months after diagnosis and the results were compared to those from cases investigated 2 weeks to 2 months post-infection.All samples were positive for IgGs against the S-and N-proteins of SARS-CoV-2.Notably,14 samples available at 6–7 months post-infection all showed significant neutralizing activities in a pseudovirus assay,with no difference in blocking the cell-entry of the 614D and 614G variants of SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,in 10 blood samples from cases at 6–7 months post-infection used for memory T-cell tests,we found that interferonγ-producing CD4+and CD8+cells were increased upon SARS-CoV-2 antigen stimulation.Together,these results indicate that durable anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is common in convalescent population,and vaccines developed from 614D variant may offer protection from the currently predominant 614D variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Highly stable aqueous phase black phosphorus quantum dots with enhanced fluorescence property

Black phosphorus quantum dots(BPQDs)are a kind of outstanding optical material due to the tunable band structure.However,their fluorescence property and stability are obviously weakened in the aqueous phase,which extremely restricts the development of BPQDs.Here,we propose a new method to prepare stable BPQDs in an aqueous solution directly with high absolute fluorescence quantum yield.Aqueous phase BPQDs are synthesized by liquid exfoliation and hydrothermal with NH_(2)-polyethylene glycol(PEG)-NH_(2) as the modification agent to protect the BPQDs,which have high stability more than six months.In addition,NH_(2)-PEG-NH_(2) is also a surface passivation agent to enhance the emission of BPQDs by forming P-N bonds,which is confirmed by an absolute fluorescent quantum yield of 11.5%.Moreover,BPQDs show excellent resistance to a strong acid environment and high ionic strengths except for Fe^(3+).Therefore,the BPQDs are a kind of highly selective and linear response fluorescence probe for Fe^(3+).Considering the good biocompatibility of BPQDs,they are employed as cell fluorescent label probes and show excellent fluorescence imaging contrast.Based on the unique structural stability and fluorescence performance in the aqueous phase,BPQDs are potential candidates for Fe^(3+)detection and optical bio-imaging.

Enhanced efficiency of top-emission InP-based green quantum dot light-emitting diodes with optimized angular distribution

High resolution and wide color gamut are two key requirements for novel display technologies. Owing to the distinguishing advantages over conventional displays, such as intrinsic wide color gamut and the possibility to achieve high resolution, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLED) have drawn considerable attention in recent years. On the other hand, indium phosphide quantum dots (InP QDs) have shown a great potential as a replacement for cadmium selenide (CdSe) QDs in display applications due to the inherent toxicity of cadmium-based QDs. In this study, we investigate a top-emission InP-based green QLED with optimized angular distribution. By adjusting the electrical and optical architecture, the device exhibits improved properties with a maximum current efficiency of 30.1 cd/A and a narrowed full width at half maxima (FWHM)of 31 nm, which are the best results ever reported to our knowledge.

PathogenTrack and Yeskit:tools for identifying intracellular pathogens from single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets as illustrated by application to COVID-19

Pathogenic microbes can induce cellular dysfunction,immune response,and cause infectious disease and other diseases including cancers.However,the cellular distributions of pathogens and their impact on host cells remain rarely explored due to the limited methods.Taking advantage of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis,we can assess the transcriptomic features at the single-cell level.Still,the tools used to interpret pathogens(such as viruses,bacteria,and fungi)at the single-cell level remain to be explored.Here,we introduced PathogenTrack,a python-based computational pipeline that uses unmapped scRNA-seq data to identify intracellular pathogens at the single-cell level.In addition,we established an R package named Yeskit to import,integrate,analyze,and interpret pathogen abundance and transcriptomic features in host cells.Robustness of these tools has been tested on various real and simulated scRNA-seq datasets.PathogenTrack is competitive to the state-of-the-art tools such as Viral-Track,and the first tools for identifying bacteria at the single-cell level.Using the raw data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples(BALF)from COVID-19 patients in the SRA database,we found the SARS-CoV-2 virus exists in multiple cell types including epithelial cells and macrophages.SARS-CoV-2-positive neutrophils showed increased expression of genes related to type I interferon pathway and antigen presenting module.Additionally,we observed the Haemophilus parahaemolyticus in some macrophage and epithelial cells,indicating a co-infection of the bacterium in some severe cases of COVID-19.The PathogenTrack pipeline and the Yeskit package are publicly available at GitHub.

Lithium incorporation enhanced resistive switching behaviors in lithium lanthanum titanium oxide-based heterostructure

Resistive switching devices with a high self-rectifying ratio are important for achieving the crossbar memristor array that overcomes the sneak current issue.Herein,we demonstrate a single amorphous lithium lanthanum titanium oxide(LLTO)layer based Pt/LLTO/Pt device possessing a self-rectifying ratio higher than 1 × 10^(4) that is comparable to the reported devices with complicated multi-layer stacking structures.Moreover,the device shows forming-free and highly uniform bipolar resistive switching(BRS)characteristic that facilitates the potential applications.The trap-controlled and trap-free space charge limited conductions are demonstrated to dominate the high and low resistance states of the device,respectively.The fast migration of lithium ions under external voltage accelerates the electron injection across the Pt/LLTO interface and also the space charge accumulation in the LLTO layer,and as a result,the high performance of the Pt/LLTO/Pt device was achieved.As demonstrated Pt/LLTO/Pt device sheds a light on the potential applications of the lithium ionic conductors in self-rectifying resistive switching devices.

Electronic and magnetic stability in correlated transportations of rare-earth nickelate perovskites

Although the thermistor and metal to insulator transition bi-functionalities were discovered for rareearth nickelates(RENiO3),the electronic stability in their correlated transports under impulse voltage or magnetic field remain as open questions.Herein,we demonstrate the thermistor transportations of the electron correlated rare-earth nickelates under impulse direct current voltage and in magnetic environment.The insulating phase of RENiO3 shows zero crossing linear I-V characters,indicating their stable electronic resistance is independent of the imparted voltage up to 10 V and pulse width down to1 us,in spite of their sensitive electronic structures to polarizations.In addition,the high electronic stability associated with the thermistor transportation of RENiO3 is also demonstrated in magnetic fields up to 9 T(i.e.,MR<0.2%).The high electronic stability further paves the way to applying RENiO3 as a broad temperature range thermistor in temperature sensing or circuit protections for correlated electronics.

Integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host immune responses in COVID-19

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiome contributes to the host immune response to infectious diseases.Here,to explore the role of the gut microbiome in the host immune responses in COVID-19,we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing and immune profiling of 14 severe/critical and 24 mild/moderate COVID-19 cases as well as 31 healthy control samples.We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome was reduced in severe/critical COVID-19 cases compared to mild/moderate ones.We identified the abundance of some gut microbes altered post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and related to disease severity,such as Enterococcus faecium,Coprococcus comes,Roseburia intestinalis,Akkermansia ntuciniphila,Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Blautia obeum.We further analyzed the correlation between the abundance of gut microbes and host responses,and obtained a correlation map between clinical features of COVID-19 and 16 severity-related gut microbe,including Coprococcus comes that was positively correlated with CD3^(+)/CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)lymphocyte counts.In addition,an integrative analysis of gut microbiome and the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)showed that genes related to viral transcription and apoptosis were up-regulated in Coprococcus comes low samples.Moreover,a number of metabolic pathways in gut microbes were also found to be differentially enriched in severe/critical or mild/moderate COVID-19 cases,including the superpathways of polyamine biosynthesis II and sulfur oxidation that were suppressed in severe/critical COVID-19.Together,our study highlighted a potential regulatory role of severity related gut microbes in the immune response of host.

Direct Retrieval of NO_(2)Vertical Columns from UV-Vis(390-495nm)Spectral Radiances Using a Neural Network

Satellite retrievals of columnar nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))are essential for the characterization of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))processes and impacts.The requirements of modeled a priori profiles present an outstanding bottleneck in operational satellite NO_(2)retrievals.In this work,we instead use neural network(NN)models trained from over 360,000 radiative transfer(RT)simulations to translate satellite radiances across 390-495nm to total NO_(2)vertical column(NO_(2)C).Despite the wide variability of the many input parameters in the RT simulations,only a small number of key variables were found essential to the accurate prediction of NO_(2)C,including observing angles,surface reflectivity and altitude,and several key principal component scores of the radiances.In addition to the NO_(2)C,the NN training and cross-validation experiments show that the wider retrieval window allows some information about the vertical distribution to be retrieved(e.g.,extending the rightmost wavelength from 465 to 495 nm decreases the root-mean-square-error by 0.75%)under high-NO_(2)C conditions.Applying to four months of TROPOMI data,the trained NN model shows strong ability to reproduce the NO_(2)C observed by the ground-based Pandonia Global Network.The coefficient of determination(R2,0.75)and normalized mean bias(NMB,-33%)are competitive with the level 2 operational TROPOMI product(R^(2)=0:77,NMB=−29%)over clear(geometric cloud fraction<0:2)and polluted(NO_(2)C≥7:5×10^(15)molecules/cm2)regions.The NN retrieval approach is~12 times faster than predictions using high spatial resolution(~3 km)a priori profiles from chemical transport modeling,which is especially attractive to the handling of large volume satellite data.