Erratum to“Gravity-Dependent Animacy Perception in Zebrafish”

In the Research Article“Gravity-Dependent Animacy Perception in Zebrafish”[1],there was an error when calculating the velocity and acceleration of the human and pigeon BM stimuli provided by other researchers in Table.The error does not affect the main findings of the current study.The corrected table is shown below.

Reservoir-induced landslides and risk control in Three Gorges Project on Yangtze River,China

The Three Gorges region in China was basically a geohazard-prone area prior to construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. After construction of the TGR, the water level was raised from 70 m to 175 m above sea level （ASL）, and annual reservoir regulation has caused a 30-m water level difference after impoundment of the TGR since September 2008. This paper first presents the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides in six periods of 175 m ASL trial impoundments from 2008 to 2014. The results show that the number of landslides sharply decreased from 273 at the initial stage to less than ten at the second stage of impoundment. Based on this, the reservoir-induced landslides in the TGR region can be roughly classified into five failure patterns, i.e. accumulation landslide, dip-slope landslide, reversed bedding landslide, rockfall, and karst breccia landslide. The accumulation landslides and dip-slope landslides account for more than 90%. Taking the Shuping accumulation landslide （a sliding mass volume of 20.7 × 106 m^3） in Zigui County and the Outang dip-slope landslide （a sliding mass volume of about 90 × 106 m^3） in Fengjie County as two typical cases, the mechanisms of reactivation of the two landslides are analyzed. The monitoring data and factor of safety （FOS） calculation show that the accumulation landslide is dominated by water level variation in the reservoir as most part of the mass body is under 175 m ASL, and the dip-slope landslide is controlled by the coupling effect of reservoir water level variation and precipitation as an extensive recharge area of rainfall from the rear and the front mass is below 175 m ASL. The characteristics of landslide-induced impulsive wave hazards after and before reservoir impoundment are studied, and the probability of occurrence of a landslide-induced impulsive wave hazard has increased in the reservoir region. Simulation results of the Ganjingzi landslide in Wushan County indicate the strong relationship between landslide-induced surge and water variation with high potential risk to shipping and residential areas. Regarding reservoir regulation in TGR when using a single index, i.e. 1-d water level variation, water resources are not well utilized, and there is also potential risk of disasters since 2008. In addition, various indices such as 1-d, 5-d, and 10-d water level variations are proposed for reservoir regulation. Finally, taking reservoir-induced landslides in June 2015 for example, the feasibility of the optimizing indices of water level variations is verified.

Biochars derived from carp residues:characteristics and copper immobilization performance in water environments

Heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention because of its adverse impact on the aquatic environment and human health.The production of biochar from biowaste has become a promising strategy for managing animal carcasses and remediating heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment.However,the sorption and remediation performance of carp residue-derived biochar(CRB)in Cu-polluted water is poorly understood.Herein,batches of CRB were prepared from carp residues at 450–650℃(CRB450–650)to investigate their physicochemical characteristics and performance in the sorption and remediation of Cu-polluted water.Compared with a relatively low-temperature CRB(e.g.,CRB450),the high-temperature biochar(CRB650)possessed a large surface area and thermodynamic stability.CRB650 contained higher oxygen-containing functional groups and P-associated minerals,such as hydroxyapatite.As the pyrolytic temperature increased from 450 to 650℃,the maximum sorption capacity of the CRBs increased from 26.5 to 62.5 mg/g.The adsorption process was a type of monolayer adsorption onto homogenous materials,and the sorption of Cu^(2+)on the CRB was mainly based on chemical adsorption.The most effective potential adsorption mechanisms were in order of electrostatic attraction and cation-πinteraction>surface complexation and precipitation>pore-filling and cation exchange.Accordingly,the CRBs efficiently immobilized Cu^(2+)and reduced its bioavailability in water.These results provide a promising strategy to remediate heavy metal-polluted water using designer biochars derived from biowastes,particularly animal carcasses.

Gravity-Dependent Animacyy Perception in Zebrafish

Biological motion(BM),depicted by a handful of point lights attached to the major joints,conveys rich animacy information,which is significantly disrupted if BM is shown upside down.This well-known inversion effect in BM perception is conserved in terrestrial vertebrates and is presumably a manifestation of an evolutionarily endowed perceptual filter(i.e.,life motion detector)tuned to gravity-compatible BM.However,it remains unknown whether aquatic animals,living in a completely different environment from terrestrial animals,perceive BM in a gravity-dependent manner.Here,taking advantage of their typical shoaling behaviors,we used zebrafish as a model animal to examine the ability of teleosts to discriminate between upright(gravity-compatible)and inverted(gravity-incompatible)BM signals.We recorded their swimming trajectories and quantified their preference based on dwelling time and head orientation.The results obtained from three experiments consistently showed that zebrafish spent significantly more time swimming in proximity to and orienting towards the upright BM relative to the inverted BM or other gravity-incompatible point-light stimuli(i.e.,the non-BM).More intriguingly,when the recorded point-light video clips of fish were directly compared with those of human walkers and pigeons,we could identify a unique and consistent pattern of accelerating movements in the vertical(gravity)direction.These findings,to our knowledge,demonstrate for the first time the inversion effect in BM perception in simple aquatic vertebrates and suggest that the evolutionary origin of gravity-dependent BM processing may be traced back to ancient aquatic animals.

Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-Producing KPC-2 and MCR-8 in the Feces of an ICU Patient From China

It is critical to acknowledge that the coexistence of genes related to carbapenem and polymyxin resistance can exacerbate challenges in antimicrobial therapy.In this study,we identified Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate L2425 fromthe feces of an ICU patient in China.The isolate belongs to sequence type 11 and carries the antimicrobial resistance genes blaKPC-2,bla_(CTX-M-65) and mcr-8.Through S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting analysis,we confirmed the presence of a~110 kb plasmid harboring the mcr-8 gene with a conserved structure(inhA-mcr-8-ompR-dgkA-IS903B).Furthermore,another~130 kb plasmid carrying bla_(KPC-2) was detected along with a composite transposon flanked by insertion sequence IS26.Conjugation experiments demonstrated that both pL2425-KPC-2 and pL2425-MCR-8 plasmids were transferable.Importantly,this is the first instance of clinical fecal samples from China containing a K.pneumoniae strain carrying both blaKPC-2 and mcr-8 genes.These findings underscore the significance of surveillance for carbapenemases and mobile colistin–resistance variants.

“Petal effect”-inspired superhydrophobic and highly adhesive coating on magnesium with enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility

With properties of complete degradation and favorable mechanical behavior, Mg and its alloys are regarded as the next generation medical metal materials. However, fast degradation and poor surface biocompatibility hinder their clinical applications. Inspired by the ＂petal effect＂, we successfully constructed a superhydrophobic and highly adhesive coating on pure Mg via a simple hydrothermal treatment in a solution containing sodium oleate. The superhydrophobicity of the fabricated coating results from its flake-like micro-nanostructure and the low-surface-energy oleate group. Water droplet on the superhydrophobic coating cannot roll off even when the sample is turned upside down, owing to the sealed air-pockets and the van der Waals’ attraction at the solidliquid interface, indicating a highly adhesive force. The chemical and mechanical stability of the superhydrophobic coating were measured. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest enhanced corrosion resistance of the as-prepared sample.Furthermore, cell cytotoxicity, migration and adhesion data of human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVECs） reveal an improved cytocompatibility of the modified surface. Finally,hemolysis assay and platelet adhesion assay suggest an improved hemocompatibility. It is believed that the facile and low-cost method can expand the new application of superhydrophobic surface with highly adhesive on Mg in biomedical fields.

Hydroxyapatite composited PEEK with 3D porous surface enhances osteoblast differentiation through mediating NO by macrophage

The adverse immune response mediated by macrophages is one of the main factors that are prone to lead poor osseointegration of polyetheretherketone(PEEK)implants in clinic.Hence,endowing PEEK with immunomodulatory ability to avoid the adverse immune response becomes a promising strategy to promote bone repair.In this work,sulfonation and hydrothermal treatment were used to fabricate a 3D porous surface on PEEK and hydroxyapatite(HA)composited PEEK.The HA composited PEEK with 3D porous surface inhibited macrophages polarizing to M1 phenotype and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression,which led to a nitric oxide concentration reduction in culture medium of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(mBMSCs)under coculture condition.The decrease of nitric oxide concentration could help to increase bone formation-related OSX and ALP genes expressions and decrease bone resorption-related MMP-9 and MMP-13 genes expressions via cAMP–PKA–RUNX2 pathway in mBMSCs.In summary,the HA composited PEEK with 3D porous surface has the potential to promote osteogenesis of PEEK through immunomodulation,which provides a promising strategy to improve the bone repair ability of PEEK.

双气囊小肠镜在小肠CT造影结果阴性患者中的诊断价值

目的探讨双气囊小肠镜(DBE)及小肠CT造影(CTE)在小肠疾病中的诊断价值,分析CTE结果阴性的患者出现DBE结果阳性的预测因素。方法纳入2018年5月至2022年5月因怀疑小肠疾病就诊安徽医科大学第一附属医院行CTE及DBE检查的患者1013例,收集相关资料并比较两种检查方法检出率、诊断率及对小肠疾病诊断价值的差别。结果以DBE结果为参考标准,CTE的灵敏度为89.6%,特异度为49.1%,阳性预测值为93.6%,阴性预测值为36.1%。DBE的总检出率及总诊断率均高于CTE。多因素分析显示,年龄<60岁、贫血、低白蛋白血症是CTE结果阴性的患者出现DBE结果阳性的预测因素。CTE结果阴性而DBE结果阳性的患者中,镜下表现以小肠炎症、糜烂和溃疡性病变最常见,其次为小肠血管性病变。结论在CTE结果阴性的患者中,年龄<60岁、贫血和低白蛋白血症的患者出现DBE结果阳性的可能性更大。在怀疑小肠黏膜病变、小肠出血时,若CTE结果阴性,应进一步行DBE检查以明确诊断。

Enhanced physicochemical and biological properties of C/Cu dual ions implanted medical titanium

It is increasingly popular for titanium and its alloys to be utilized as the medical implants.However,their bioinert nature and lack of antibacterial ability limit their applications.In this work,by utilizing plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition(PIII&D)technology,the titanium surface was modified by C/Cu co-implantation.The mechanical property,corrosion resistance,antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility of modified samples were studied.Results indicate that after C/Cu co-implantation,copper nanoparticles were observed on the surface of titanium,and titanium carbide existed on the near surface region of titanium.The modified surface displayed good mechanical property and corrosion resistance.The Cu/C galvanic corrosion existed on the titanium surface implanted by C/Cu dual ions,and release of copper ions can be effectively controlled by the galvanic corrosion effect.Moreover,improved antibacterial performance of titanium surface can be achieved without cytotoxicity.