iTRAQ-based proteomics reveals the mechanism of action of Yinlai decoction in treating pneumonia in mice consuming a high-calorie diet

Objective:To uncover the underlying mechanisms of action of the Yinlai decoction on high-calorie dietinduced pneumonia through proteomics analysis.Methods:Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,lung tissue samples from normal and high-fat diet(HFD)fed mice in the GSE16377 dataset were selected as test cohorts to identify differentially expressed genes and conduct bioinformatics analyses.In the animal experiments,mice were randomly divided into the control(N),high-calorie diet pneumonia(M),and Yinlai decoction treatment(Y)groups.Mice in the M group received high-calorie feed and a 0.5 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide solution spray for 30 min for 3 d.The mice in the Y group were intragastrically administered 2 mL/10 g Yinlai decoction twice daily for 3 d.Pathological evaluation of the lung tissue was performed.Differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in the lung tissue were identified using quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses.The drug-target relationships between Yinlai decoction and core DEPs in the lung tissue were verified using AutoDock Vina and Molecular Graphics Laboratory(MGL)Tools.DEPs were verified by western blot.Results:GEO data mining showed that an HFD altered oxidative phosphorylation in mouse lung tissue.The Yinlai decoction alleviated pathological damage to lung tissue and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet.A total of 47 DEPs were identified between the Y and M groups.Enrichment analysis revealed their association with energy metabolism pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA)and oxidative phosphorylation.The protein-protein interaction network revealed that Atp5a1,Pdha1,and Sdha were the target proteins mediating the therapeutic effects of Yinlai decoction.Molecular docking results suggested that the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Yinlai decoction involves the binding of brassinolide,praeruptorin B,chrysoeriol,and other components in Yinlai decoction to Atp5a1.Conclusion:The Yinlai decoction alleviated lung tissue damage and pneumonia in mice that were fed a high-calorie diet by regulating the TCA and oxidative phosphorylation.Our study highlights the importance of a healthy diet for patients with pneumonia and provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia through dietary adjustments.

Effect of gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome on gut microbiota in children with upper respiratory tract infection and lung-heat syndrome

Objective:Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)is associated with lung-heat syndrome and is related to recurrent respiratory infection.Upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)lung heat syndrome is common in children.The study will explore the effect of GHRS on the structure and function of gut microbiota in children with URTI lung-heat syndrome.Methods:Participants were divided into both groups using the self-developed URTI scale and the“GHRS Diagnostic Scale$Pediatric Part”:GHRS-positive children(LS group)and GHRS-negative children(L group).General information,clinical symptoms,and stool were collected.We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to determine the gene sequence of the V3eV4 region in feces and measure the gut microbiota of the both groups at the genus level.Results:A total of 23 children were included in the both groups.There were 12 cases in the LS group and 11 cases in the L group.There was no statistical difference between the both groups in age,gender,height,weight,and body mass index.The effective sequences shared by the both groups accounted for 85.66%of the total.In the gut microbiota,there was no difference in the a diversity and the b diversity between the both groups.Compared with the L group,the LS group had a significant increase in the relative abundance of the Ruminococcus gnavus group,Prevotella-9,Staphylococcus,and Actinomyces(P<.05).The functions of the both groups of microbiota primarily concentrate on metabolism,genetic information processing,and environmental information processing.The relative abundance of signaling molecules and interactions in the LS group were higher than that in the L group(P<.05).The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that the URTI score had the greatest impact on the distribution of microbiota.Conclusion:GHRS may affect the development of URTI lung-heat syndrome by changing the relative abundances of gut microbiota.

氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声橡胶的制备与性能

以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、羟基氟硅油(FSO)和2,4-二氨基-3,5-二甲硫基甲苯(E-300)为原料,采用两步法设计合成了一系列氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声材料(FSPU)。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析、水接触角测试、吸水率测试、动态力学热分析、力学性能测试和透声性能测试等对改性聚氨酯的结构和性能进行了表征,探究了氟硅烷的含量对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,FSPU的特性声阻抗与海水十分匹配。随着FSO含量增加,FSPU的水接触角逐渐升高,吸水率逐渐降低。当羟基氟硅油质量分数为50%时,FSPU-50的水接触角和吸水率分别为103.3°和0.4%,比纯聚氨酯分别提高了37.5%和降低了66.7%。同时,聚丁二烯型聚氨酯与氟硅烷的相容性较好,FSPUs的玻璃化转变温度在-47℃左右,具有良好的耐低温性能,可以满足水下工作的各项性能要求。

Association between dietary habits and recurrent respiratory infection in children: A case-control study

Objective:To explore the association between dietary habits and recurrent respiratory infection(RRI)in children aged 0e14 years.Methods:This caseecontrol study compared dietary data of children with(cases)and without RRI(controls)collected via structured questionnaire.Participants were recruited from Chinese medicine clinics,hospitals,and children’s learning institutions in Beijing.A logistic regression analysis and odds ratio(OR)calculations were conducted using SPSS 17.0 software.Results:A total of 241 questionnaires were collected(case:control ratio:approximately 2:1).Frequent consumption of processed foods(OR Z 2.988,95%confidence intervals 1.375e6.491)and high-sugar foods(OR Z 2.268,95%confidence intervals 1.163e4.424),frequent picky eating(OR Z 2.614,95%confidence intervals 1.363e5.014),and a meat-heavy diet with fewer vegetables(OR Z 1.830,95%confidence intervals 1.358e2.467)correlated positively correlated with RRI.Additionally,57.80%of the children with RRI were addicted to high-sugar foods,compared with 41.57%of the children without RRI(P Z.015).Furthermore,63.16%of the children with RRI were picky eaters,compared with 48.31%of the children without RRI(P Z.024).Finally,30.92%of the children with RRI frequently consumed processed foods,compared with only 17.98%of the children without RRI(P Z.027Conclusion:Although RRI correlates positively with several dietary habits,in the future,prospective cohort studies with larger samples are needed to generalize these findings.

Traditional Chinese medicine and nursing care

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an important part of Chinese traditional culture.The outstanding spiritual and material achievements made during the development of TCM are the embodiment of Chinese people's view on life,disease and health[1,2].With a long history;TCM boasts a complete system of medical theories,rich clinical experience and unique therapeutic techniques.

Structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of sub-healthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine

Objective:To explore the structural and functional characteristics of microbiota in oropharynx of subhealthy children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)differentiated by traditional Chinese medicine,and screen the biometric operational taxonomic units(OTUs)to assist the clinical diagnosis.Methods:We recruited children according to the“GHRS diagnostic scale”,collected their oropharyngeal swabs,and sequenced the 16 SrDNA V4 region.We described the bacterial structure with alpha-indexes,beta-distances,and relative abundances;moreover,we screened the differential genera/OTUs with Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Metagenome Seq analysis,and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se)analysis,in which biometric OTUs were selected to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve to verify the diagnostic value.The bacterial function was predicted with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways according to 16S rDNA gene by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.Results:The study population was composed of 10 children with GHRS and 10 healthy control children.GHRS children were more likely to overeat(gluttony,P=.033).Alpha-indexes,such as Sobs,abundancebased coverage estimator,Bootstrap,and Qstat,were significantly higher in the GHRS group,while betadistances did not exhibit any significant intergroup differences.There were 9 differently distributed nonpredominant genera between the groups in Wilcoxon rank-sum test,as well as 13 non-predominant genera in Metagenome Seq analysis and 3 non-predominant OTUs in LEfSe analysis.OTU44 and OTU196 were used to construct the receiver operating characteristic curve,and the area under curve was 0.92.Predicted functions showed that pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and carbon metabolism were enriched in healthy control samples,while the pathway related to renin secretion was remarkably enriched in GHRS samples.Conclusion:Unique oropharyngeal microbial structure and function were identified in GHRS children.OTU44 and OTU196 were specific OTUs,which could be used as biomarkers of GHRS to assist clinical diagnosis.

Yinlai decoction alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia by changing the immune status of juvenile rats:A study based on network pharmacology

Objective:Pediatric pneumonia is a common respiratory disease and Yinlai Decoction (YLD) is a commonly used treatment in China.We explored the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of this traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia.Methods:We studied,by experimentation,the mechanism of action of YLD in treating pneumonia according to network pharmacology.By comparing YLD with dexamethasone (DXMS),we investigated the efficacy of YLD in treating pneumonia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in juvenile rats.Results:In an aqueous extract of YLD,22 chemical compounds were identified,among which 10 were related to inflammation,involving 78 target genes and 16 signaling pathways.Among them,45 core target proteins were related to biologic processes and functions,such as response to stimuli,biologic regulation,cell communication and protein binding.Animal experiments showed that YLD relieved pulmonary inflammation and demonstrated no significant damage to the liver,spleen or kidneys of rats.YLD could regulate expression of inflammatory cytokines in serum and inflammation-related proteins in lung tissues to some extent,but its effect is less significant than that of DXMS.Conclusions:YLD protected juvenile rats against LPS-induced pneumonia,and showed fewer side effects in comparison with DXMMS.YLD could be efficacious treatment for pediatric respiratory infections and even pneumonia.

Effect of Yinlai Decoction on the metabolic pathways in the lung of high-calorie diet-induced pneumonia rats

Objective:To search for specific metabolites in the lungs of pneumonia rats fed with a high-calorie diet,as well as explore the changes in the lung metabolites of young rats treated with Yinlai Decoction(YD)and its effects on inflammation-related metabolic pathways.Methods:Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)and a special high-calorie diet were used to induce Sprague Dawley(SD)rats to simulate the intestinal state of infant pneumonia.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology(LC-MS/MS)was used to detect metabolites in each group.Supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)model values were used for the detection results to find the differential metabolites.The metabolic pathways that are involved with the differential metabolites were clarified through enrichment analysis and topological analysis.Finally,the T cell receptor signaling pathway(TCR)signal conversion was analyzed by the network pharmacology method.Results:In the high-calorie diet combined with pneumonia group(M3),a total of 55 metabolites were determined to be different from the normal group(N).A total of 36 metabolites were determined to be different from those in the lung metabolites of the YD treatment group(T1).YD had a regulatory effect on glutathione metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism.And the small molecule metabolites could act on the FYN and lymphocytespecific protein tyrosine kinase(LCK)target proteins in the TCR signaling pathway,thereby affecting the immune function of the lungs.Conclusion:A high-calorie diet can cause abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in the lungs of young rats,thereby creating chronic lung inflammation in young rats.YD has a beneficial effect when used to treat young rats with LPS-induced pneumonia fed on high-calorie diets.Its mechanisms of action may affect the body’s immune pathways by regulating the oxidative stress pathway affected by glutathione metabolism.

Network pharmacology-based prediction and verification of the mechanism for Bushen Chengyun granule on low endometrial receptivity

Objective:Bushen Chengyun granule(BCG)is an empirical treatment for female infertility(FI)caused by low endometrial receptivity(LER)involving a poorly understood mechanism.In this study,network pharmacology was used to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of BCG on FI caused by LER.Methods:The corresponding herb targets were obtained by conducting a search in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and PubMed-reported literature.Disease targets were obtained from the following databases:Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Human Phenotype Ontology,and Therapeutic Target Database.Treatments for LER using BCG have used target matching(BCG e LER target).Then,the predicted targets were uploaded to the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database for gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses.Furthermore,triptorelin acetate for injection t menotrophin t chorionic gonadotropin for injection were used to establish a mouse model of blastocyst implantation disorder and to evaluate the in vivo effect of BCG on blastocyst implantation.Results:Overall,156 bioactive chemical components and 1092 targets of BCG were identified.The results indicated that 482 biological processes(FDR<0.01)and 15 pathways(FDR<0.01)related to BCG participated in the complex treatment effects and were associated with the endocrine system,inflammatory responses,metabolism,apoptosis,ovulatory performance,and angiogenesis.Moreover,16 hub nodes of BCG including estrogen receptor(ESR1),estrogen receptor beta(ESR2),progesterone receptor,et al,were recognized as potential treatment targets and might help clarify the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of BCG for female infertility.BCG significantly increased the protein expressions of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors.Conclusions:These findings reveal the potential therapeutic mechanism of BCG for female infertility involves low endometrial receptivity,which should be evaluated further.

Proteomic analysis of the effects of accumulated heat in the gastrointestinal tract on lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia in mice

Objective:To examine the effects of accumulated heat in GI tract (AHGIT) on lung tissue protein expression in pneumonic mice.Methods:Nebulized lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were administered to induce a pneumonic mouse model (M1),and a high-calorie/protein diet combined with nebulized LPS was used to induce AHGIT pneumonia (M2).Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)proteomics was applied to study lung protein expression,followed by bioinformatics analysis.Results:M1 mice developed alveolar damage with prominent septum thickening,vascular dilation,hyperaemia and infiltration of large amounts of inflammatory cells.M2 mice developed more severe pathological responses.A total of 2626 proteins were reliably identified in the lung tissue.Compared with normal mice,the M1 mice had 344 differentially expressed proteins in their lungs,which are involved in the following biological processes:response to organic substance,response to cytokine,response to external stimulus,defense response and immune system process.They are also involved in the following Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways:ECM-receptor interaction,leukocyte transendothelial migration,Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis,complement and coagulation cascades,and antigen processing and presentation.Compared with the M1 group,the M2 mice had 164 differentially expressed proteins in their lungs,including 14 upregulated and 150 downregulated proteins.These proteins are involved in the following biological processes:small molecule metabolism,ribose phosphate metabolic process,cell adhesion and biological adhesion.The relevant KEGG pathways included oxidative phosphorylation,Citrate cycle (TCA cycle),complement and coagulation cascades,and vascular smooth muscle contraction.Conclusions:AHGIT aggravated the lung inflammatory damage in the mice with LPS-induced pneumonia.It may affect the mouse substance/energy metabolism,and therefore the immune function,to aggravate the LPS-induced inflammatory damage.

Transcatheter Closure of a Right Pulmonary Artery to Left Atrium Fistula Using a Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder

Background:Communication between the right pulmonary artery(RPA)and left atrium(LA)is a rare cause of central cyanosis in pediatric patients.Case presentation:We describe a 3-year-old female patient with an oxygen saturation of 70%at admission.The echocardiogram indicated an abnormal color flow Doppler in the LA and she underwent standard cardiac catheterization.The angiography of pulmonary artery revealed a 7.4 mm×7.6 mm fistula between the RPA and LA and achieved successful closure using ventricular septal defect occlusion.Conclusion:The fistula between pulmonary artery and left atrium is an extremely rare but treatable congenital defect.It should be considered in differential diagnosis of cyanosis in children.

Effects of Seed Viability and Number of Generations on Genetic Integrity of Soybean Germplasm Zhonghuang 18 by AFLP Markers

The seeds of a soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 18 were subjected to accelerated aging for 0(population G_0-1), 112(population G_0-2), 154(population G_0-3) and 196 d(population G_0-4), whose germination percentage was found to be 98.0%, 95.0%, 81.0%, and 79.0%, respectively. Then, the four populations were regenerated twice in the field. The first descendant populations were marked as G_1-1, G_1-2, G_1-3 and G_1-4, and the second were marked as G_2-1, G_2-2, G_2-3 and G_2-4, respectively. The genetic variation between the control population(G_0-1) and the experimental populations was analyzed using 12 AFLP primer combinations. The results showed that there was no significant difference in genetic similarity between the 11 experimental populations and the control population G_0-1. The genetic similarity between population G_2-4 and G_0-1 was still as high as 0.933 3, indicating that the F_2 generation of the population whose germination percentage was only 79.0% still had a high genetic similarity to the control population. The results of t-tests revealed that the populations G_1-1, G_2-1, G_1-2 and G_2-2 showed no significant difference from the control population G_0-1 in effective number of alleles per locus(Ae), genetic diversity index(H) and Shannon's diversity index(I), while these indices of populations G_0-3, G_0-4, G_1-3, G_1-4, G_2-3 and G_2-4 were significantly reduced. χ~2 tests indicated that the populations G_1-1 and G_2-1 showed little difference, and the populations G_0-2, G_0-3, G_0-4, G_1-2, G_1-3, G_1-4, G_2-2, G_2-3, and G_2-4 showed great difference in allele frequency distribution from the control population G_0-1, and the difference was greater when the seed viability was lower. Compared with the control population G_0-1, the number of rare alleles(Nr) of the populations G_0-2, G_1-1, G_2-1, G_1-2 and G_2-2 showed no significant difference, while that of the populations G_0-3, G_0-4, G_1-3, G_1-4, G_2-3 and G_2-4 declined obviously. These results revealed that compared with the control population, the genetic diversity and Nr for the descendant populations of the populations with 98.0% and 95.0% germination percentages did not change significantly, but declined greatly for the descendant populations of the populations with 81.0.% and 79.0% percentages. The results suggested that the decline in seed viability has a greater impact than the number of generations on genetic structure of soybean germplasm. So, it is suggested that soybean seed with an initial germination percentage of 98.0% should be regenerated before its germination percentage declines to 81.0%.

Effects of Seed Vitality and Regeneration on Genetic Integrity in Soybean by SSR Markers

The seeds of Zhonghuang 18 were selected as a test material,and subjected to artificial aging treatment(0,112,154 and 196 d),obtaining four 4 populations,i.e.,G_0-1,G_0-2,G_0-3 and G_0-4,the germination rates of which were 98.0%,95.0%,81.0%and 79.0%,respectively.The four populations were reproduced twice in field,giving four populations of the first reproduced generation G_1-1,G_1-2,G_1-3 and G_1-4 and four populations of the second reproduced generation G_2-1,G_2-2,G_2-3 and G_2-4.The results showed that the number of alleles(Ae)per locus and genetic identity of all the treatment populations did not change significantly compared with the control population G_0-1,and population G_0-4 still shared 0.996 2 genetic identity with the control population,indicating that the genetic identity between the population with a germination rate of 79.0%and the control population was still high.The results of t test showed that populations G_0-2,G_1-1 and G_2-1 showed number of alleles per locus(A),genetic diversity index(H)and Shannon index without significantly differences from the control population G_0-1;populations G_1-2 and G_2-2 had the number of alleles per locus(A)significantly decreased;and the above genetic diversity parameters of populations G_0-3,G_0-4,G_1-3,G_1-4,G_2-3 and G_2-4 decreased significantly or very significantly.The results ofχ~2test showed that there were almost no differences in the allelic frequency distribution between populations G_0-2,G_1-1 and G_2-1 and the control populaiton G_0-1;and populations G_0-3,G_0-4,G_1-2,G_1-3,G_1-4,G_2-2,G_2-3and G_2-4 differed in allele frequency distribution,and the lower the vitality level,the greater the differences.Compared with the control population G_0-1,populations G_0-2,G_1-1 and G_2-1 had no significant changes in number of rare alleles,while populations G_0-3,G_0-4,G_1-2,G_2-2,G_1-3,G_1-4,G_2-3 and G_2-4 decreased significantly in number of rare alleles.The above results showed that compared with the control population,the progeny populations reproduced from the population with a germination rate of 98.0%had significant changes in genetic diversity and number of rare alleles,while the values of the progeny populations reproduced from populations having germination rates of 81.0%and 79.0%,respectively,decreased significantly,and the number of alleles per locus and number of rare alleles of the progeny populations reproduced from the population with a germination rate of 95.0%began to decrease.The decline in viability has a greater effect on the genetic structure of soybean germplasm populations than reproduction generation.It is recommended that the germination rate standard for regeneration of soybean germplasm with an initial germination rate of 98.0%should not be lower than 81.0%.

Association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and respiratory tract infections in children:A prospective cohort study

Objective:To explore the relationship between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and the incidence of pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTIs)in children.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric outpatient department of Beijing Dongfang Hospital.Children without respiratory tract infections(RTIs)were consecutively recruited according to the selection criteria.A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptoms and demographic and physiological characteristics.Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was considered to be a predisposing factor and was diagnosed according to a scale with reliability and validity.The participants were followed up for 12 months.Participants and their parents or guardians were contacted via clinical interviews and telephone every 6 months.Episodes of pneumonia and RTIs were recorded in detail.Results:A total of 420 children were included.Of participants,370(88.10%)were followed up for 12 months.The mean number of RTI episodes per participant was 5.37(95%CI:5.14 to 5.60).In total,186 participants in the gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group and 184 participants in the nongastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group completed the 12-month follow-up period.The baseline of both groups was comparable.The incidence of RRTIs in children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was 1.27(95%CI:1.01 to 1.59)times that in children without gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome.Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormally increased appetite with frequent hunger,foul breath,dry stools,and dark red or purple fingerprints were positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia.Irascibility and feverish feelings in the palms and soles were positively correlated with the occurrence of RRTI.Conclusions:Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome is a risk factor for RRTIs in children.Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up time are warranted to confirm the degree of causal risk associated with RTIs.

Detection and Analysis on StaphylococcalEnterotoxins in Raw Cow Milk from DifferentRegions of Jinan, China

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the pollution caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins(SE) in raw milk and the safety of dairy products in Jinan, and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk analysis. [Method] A total of 130 raw milk samples were collected from different regions of Jinan, and detected for Staphylococcus aureus by referring to GB4789.10-2010. Then, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect whether the S.aureus strains produced enterotoxins, and the enterotoxin type was identified using colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips. [Result] Fiftyseven of the raw milk samples were polluted by S.aureus, so the detection rate of S.aureus was 43.85%; and 11 of the strains produced enterotoxins. Among the 11 enterotoxin-producing strains, seven produced SEB, only one produced SEC, and the SE type of other three strains was not identified. [Conclusion] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strips can be used in combination to rapidly detect staphylococcal enterotoxins and identify enterotoxin type, although there are some limitations. SEB is the main type of staphylococcal enterotoxin causing pollution in milk of Shandong Province.

Establishment and Operation of Crop Genebank in Shandong Province

Shandong Province has abundant and diverse crop germplasm resources, but it is in lack of unified and effective preservation and management, leading to the decline and even extinction of many rare germplasm resources. In this study, the necessity for the establishment of crop genebank in Shandong Province was briefly described. In addition, the type, functions and technical indicators, as well as the operation of the crop genebank were introduced comprehensively to provide a reference for the establishment of genebank by other units or organizations.

Exploring the association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and adult chronic eczema: A caseecontrol study

Objective:To investigate the association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome(GHRS)and adult chronic eczema.Methods:This caseecontrol study compared GHRS/GHRS accompanied by damp-heat syndrome(GHRSDHS)and other patient characteristics between subjects with(cases)and without chronic eczema(controls)to identify potential factors associated with this condition.Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data via face-to-face interviews.Participants were recruited from Dongzhimen Hospital affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.A logistic regression analysis was performed on the collected data,and odds ratios(ORs)were calculated.Results:A total of 168 cases and 172 controls were recruited.Among the cases of adult chronic eczema,there were 79 subjects with GHRS and 68 with GHRS-DHS.Sex(P=.02,OR=0.54,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.32-0.91),GHRS(P=.04,OR=1.90,95%CI:1.02-3.51),GHRS-DHS(P<.001,OR=4.89,95%CI:2.36-10.15),high sweet food consumption(P=.04,OR=2.03,95%CI:1.03-3.97),and mental stress(P=.01,OR=2.37,95%CI:1.26-4.47)were each found to be associated with chronic eczema.Furthermore,GHRS had a weak positive correlation with eczema EASI severity as measured by the eczema area and severity index(EASI)(P=003).Conclusion:GHRS/GHRS-DHS may be associated with adult chronic eczema.In the future,prospective cohort studies with larger samples should be conducted to investigate the cause and effect association between GHRS and adult chronic eczema.

Research on Influence of Clopidogrel on Life Quality in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and its Influencing Factors

Purpose:To analyze the basic situation and health related quality of life(HRQOL)results of patients with transient ischemic attack(TIA),and to study the influencing factors of health related quality of life in patients receiving clopidogrel.Method:Divide the TIA patients into clopidogrel group,aspirin group and untreated group.Measure HRQOL scores of TIA patients using the short form 36 questionnaire(SF-36)scale and analyze influencing factors of HRQOL with one-way ANOVA and multivariate stepwise linear regression statistical methods.Results:The differences of HRQOL scores among three groups are of statistical significance(F=4.29,P=0.00).There is no difference in HRQOL score between clopidogrel group and aspirin group(t=5.35,P=0.00),but HRQOL scores of clopidogrel group and aspirin group are higher than those of the untreated group(t=6.14,P=0.00;t=5.16,P=0.00).The HRQOL scores of clopidogrel group are positively correlated with diet,exercise,gender and family harmony(P<0.05),but negatively correlated with diabetes,hypertension,smoking,drinking,hyperlipidemia,age,career and ABCD2 score(P<0.05).Conclusion:TIA patients who received secondary prevention with clopidogrel and aspirin show better life quality results than those who did not.There were many factors influencing clopidogrel's treatment effect.Paying attention to middle-aged and elderly,the obese,mental workers and female TIA patients,teach TIA patients to quit smoking,drinking and eating low-salt and low-fat food,actively treating their hypertension,hyperlipidemia and diabetes and laying emphasis on psychological counseling and exercise can significantly improve the treatment effect of clopidogrel.

Exploring the mechanisms of Yinlai Decoction intervening the mice model of FM1 virus infected compound with high-fat and protein-diet

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Yinlai Decoction (YD) intervening the mice model of FM1 influenza virus compound with high-fat and protein-diet by detecting the survival rate,lung injury,the expression of inflammatory cytokines.Methods:A high-fat and protein-diet mouse model was built.Mice were randomly divided to groups of blank control,normal diet,high-fat and protein-diet (HPD),the Ribavirin,the Shuanghuanglian,the Xiaoer huashi Pill and the YD,all infected with FM1 virus via nose after four days' high-fat and protein-diet.The electrogastrography (EGG) was recorded,as well as the serum levels of the gastrin and plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were observed.Mice in the blank control group were shame-infected with 0.05 mL saline,while the mice in other groups were infected by 0.05 mL mouse lung-adapted FM1 virus.Interventions were performed by stomach perfusion for next seven days.Same dose saline was given in the blank control,normal diet and HPD groups.The life protection and mean survival days were calculated.The lung injuries were observed by H&rE method.The expression of gastrin and VIP were detected by radioimmunoassay.The serum levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA.Results:Compared with normal diet group,EGG dominant frequency,EGG swing,instability coefficient increased in HPD group.Compared with HPD group,Ribavirin group and YD group showed significantly higher survival rate and IL-10 and IFN-γ levels significantly increased while the IL-6 and TNF-α levels significantly decreased.Compared with blank control group,severe lung cirrhosis injuries were found in HPD group,and mild injuries were found in YD group and Ribavirin group.Conclusions:The YD can regulate the level of cytokines,and improve the pathological damages of lung tissue,and then protect the mice with high-fat and protein-diet from being injured from the FM1 virus.

New insights for infection mechanism and potential targets of COVID-19:Three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas as promising therapeutic approaches

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with high pathogenicity and infectiousness has become a sudden and lethal pandemic worldwide.Currently,there is no accepted specific drug for COVID-19 treatment.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to clarify the pathogenic mechanism and develop effective therapies for patients with COVID-19.According to several reliable reports from China,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),especially for three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas,has been demonstrated to effectively alleviate the symptoms of COVID-19 either used alone or in combination with Western medicines.In this review,we systematically summarized and analyzed the pathogenesis of COVID-19,the detailed clinical practice,active ingredients investigation,network pharmacology prediction and underlying mechanism verification of three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas in the COVID-19 combat.Additionally,we summarized some promising and high-frequency drugs of these prescriptions and discussed their regulatory mechanism,which provides guidance for the development of new drugs against COVID-19.Collectively,by addressing critical challenges,for example,unclear targets and complicated active ingredients of these medicines and formulas,we believe that TCM will represent promising and efficient strategies for curing COVID-19 and related pandemics.