NAC transcriptional regulators are crucial for tomato ripening.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)of SNAC9(SlNAC19,Gene ID:101248665)affects tomato ripening,and SNAC9 is involved in ethylene and abscisic acid(ABA)metab...NAC transcriptional regulators are crucial for tomato ripening.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)of SNAC9(SlNAC19,Gene ID:101248665)affects tomato ripening,and SNAC9 is involved in ethylene and abscisic acid(ABA)metabolic pathways.However,the function of SNAC9 in pigment metabolism in tomatoes remains unclear.This work seeks to discover the mechanism of SNAC9 involvement in pigment metabolism during tomato ripening by establishing a SNAC9 knockout model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.The results indicated that fruit ripening was delayed in knockout(KO)mutants,and SNAC9 mutation significantly affected carotenoid metabolism.The chlorophyll(Chl)degradation rate,total carotenoid content,and lycopene content decreased significantly in the mutants.The transformation rate of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in mutants was slower,which was related to the carotenoid content.Furthermore,SNAC9 changed the expression of critical genes(PSY1,PDS,CRTISO,Z-ISO,SGR1,DXS2,LCYE,LCYB,and CrtR-b2)involved in pigment metabolism in tomato ripening.SNAC9 knockout also altered the expression levels of critical genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA.Accordingly,SNAC9 regulated carotenoid metabolism by directly regulating PSY1,DXS2,SGR1,and CrtR-b2.This research provides a foundation for developing the tomato ripening network and precise tomato ripening regulation.展开更多
Salt stress a ects the growth and development of plants, which results in a decrease in crop quality and yield. In this study, we used tomato seedlings treated with salt and trehalose as experimental materials and ana...Salt stress a ects the growth and development of plants, which results in a decrease in crop quality and yield. In this study, we used tomato seedlings treated with salt and trehalose as experimental materials and analyzed them using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution analysis to select the optimal trehalose concentration for treatment. We also determined the contents of sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) and detected the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of sugar and ABA by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the optimal trehalose concentration was 2 mmol/L for tomato seedlings under salt stress. Exogenous trehalose decreased the starch content and increased the soluble sugar con- tent by a ecting the expression of genes related to the metabolism of starch and soluble sugar. Exogenous trehalose altered the accumulation and distribution of sugar by inducing the upregulation of sugar transporter genes. Furthermore, trehalose increased the ABA content to induce salt stress response by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of ABA. In conclusion, trehalose can e ectively alleviate salt stress and enhance salt tolerance of tomato. These ndings provide a novel perspective and a better resource to investigate the salt tolerance mechanism and a new method for alleviating salt stress in tomato.展开更多
This study evaluated the changes in sugar metabolism and fruit quality of diff erent pear cultivars during cold storage using seven major commercial pear cultivars belonging to diff erent Pyrus species, such as P. bre...This study evaluated the changes in sugar metabolism and fruit quality of diff erent pear cultivars during cold storage using seven major commercial pear cultivars belonging to diff erent Pyrus species, such as P. bretschneideri Rehd.("Huangguan,""Yali"), P. pyrifolia Nakai.("Wonhwang,""Hosui"), P. ussuriensis Maxim.("Jingbai,""Nanguo"), and P. communis L.("Bartlett"). The fi rmness, respiration rate, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugar content, and enzyme activity of the seven pear cultivars were investigated. SPSS was used for analyzing the signifi cance of diff erent indexes. Results showed that fructose was the dominant sugar, accounting for > 60% of total sugars, followed by glucose and sucrose. The respiration peak of almost all cultivars appeared within 60 days. The levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids increased within 90 days and then generally decreased. Acid invertase showed the highest activity among all pear cultivars, followed by neutral invertase, sucrose synthetase, and sucrose phosphate synthetase during storage.展开更多
Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene...Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene expression and activity ofacid invertase(AI), neutral invertase(NI), sucrose synthase(SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) during the development of "Huangguan" and "Yali" pears. The results demonstrate that during development, the fruit sugar metabolism of the "Huangguan" pear follows a typical sorbitol–starch-soluble sugars middle model, whereas the "Yali" pear fruit follows a typical sorbitol–sucrose–starch-soluble sugars middle model. In the "Huangguan" pear, we found the AI and NI gene expressions, as well as AI( P < 0.05) and NI( P < 0.01) enzyme activities, to be positively correlated, whereas we found the NI gene expression and NI enzyme activity of "Yali" pear to be negatively correlated( P < 0.01). We observed the high levels oflate-stage AI and early-stage SS during development to roughly correspond with the gene expression found in the late and early stages, respectively, suggesting their potential regulatory roles in "Huangguan" pear fruit development. Our results indicate that the primary function of SPS during the early developmental stage is to accumulate sucrose, whereas the primary function of AI is to promote hexose accumulation during the late developmental stage ofmature "Yali" pear fruit.展开更多
Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the ...Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the relationship between chilling injury and N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation of transcripts in plant hormone pathways has not been reported yet.In order to clarify the complex regulatory mechanism of m^(6)A methylation on chilling injury in tomato fruit,Nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed.A large number of enzymes and transcription factors were found to be involved in the regulation process of fruit chilling injury,which were associated with plant hormone,such as 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase(ACS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),auxin response factor(ARF2),ethylene response factor 2(ERF2),gibberellin 20-oxidase-3(GA20ox)and jasmonic acid(JA).By conjoint analysis of the differential expression transcripts related to chilling injury andm^(6)Amethylation differential expression transcripts 41 differential expression transcripts were identified involved in chilling injury including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase(ACO)and pectinesterase(PE)were down-regulated and heat shock cognate 70 kD protein 2(cpHSC70),HSP70-binding protein(HspBP)and salicylic acid-binding protein 2(SABP2)were up-regulated.Our results will provide a deeper understanding for chilling injury regulatory mechanism and post-harvest cold storage of tomato fruit.展开更多
Biochanin A(BCA) and CPe-Ⅲ peptide, which both exist in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), possess significant antihyperlipidemic properties. However, the actualmechanisms ofthose compounds in inhibiting the dysregulation...Biochanin A(BCA) and CPe-Ⅲ peptide, which both exist in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), possess significant antihyperlipidemic properties. However, the actualmechanisms ofthose compounds in inhibiting the dysregulation oflipid metabolism and complicated inflammation have not been wellcharacterized. This study investigated the effects ofBCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and combined BCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide(BC) on the expression ofgenes involved in hepatic lipid and inflammation metabolism. Results demonstrated that BCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and BC significantly attenuated hepatitis and hyperlipidemia by downregulating those genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α), hepatic fatty acid(FA) synthesis(ACC1 and FAS), cholesterolmetabolism(SREBP2, HMGCR, and PCSK9), and upregulating key regulators involved in FA oxidation(PPARα and FABP1), lipolysis(ATGL), LDLR, reverse cholesteroltransport(ABCA1, SR-B1, and LXRα), and cholesterolcatabolism(CYP7 A1). Moreover, they also altered the expression oflipid metabolism-related proteins, including SREBP2, PCSK9, LDLR, ABCA1, and CYP7 A1. Finally, these results revealed that the combination treatment ofBCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide resulted in greater antihyperlipidemic activity compared with individualcompounds.展开更多
The development of edible coatings has been lauded with respect to their safety and effectiveness.In this study,we researched the effects of edible coatings(2%CaCl_2,1%chitosan and 1%pullulan) on the nutrient content ...The development of edible coatings has been lauded with respect to their safety and effectiveness.In this study,we researched the effects of edible coatings(2%CaCl_2,1%chitosan and 1%pullulan) on the nutrient content and antioxidant abilities of jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Miller cv.Dongzao).Using the new analysis technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),we evaluated the effects of these coatings.Compared with the control fruit group,test results showed that coating treatment significantly delayed fruit senescence.Specifically,CaCl_2 treatment not only maintained fruit storage quality and antioxidant activity but also restrained the production and accumulation of malondialdehyde in jujube.Chitosan treatment delayed decreases in secondary metabolites and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.Pullulan coatings performed better in terms of proanthocyanidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP).We also used TOPSIS to evaluate the preservation effect of different film coatings and found 2%CaCl_2 to be the best treatment for jujube,followed by 1%chitosan and 1%pullulan.Based on the appropriate materials and concentration of the film coatings,edible coatings have the potential to retain the quality and antioxidant capacity of the Chinese jujube cv.Dongzao.展开更多
Biochanin A(BCA), the most abundant isoflavone in chickpeas, presents a wide range of biological activities, such as hypolipidaemic, anti-oxidative, antiproliferative, and estrogen-like effects. We investigated the in...Biochanin A(BCA), the most abundant isoflavone in chickpeas, presents a wide range of biological activities, such as hypolipidaemic, anti-oxidative, antiproliferative, and estrogen-like effects. We investigated the interaction between BCA and human serum albumin(HSA) via several techniques. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy verified the conformational variation of HSA after BCA addition, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the relevant binding parameters. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to estimate the secondary structural changes of HSA with and without BCA. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were then applied to study the characteristics of HSA with BCA. Energy decomposition analysis was used to prove that Trp214 in subdomain ⅡA of HSA is the most likely binding site of BCA. Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions may play important roles during the binding process. All of our results showed that BCA presents significant binding affinity to HSA, thus confirming that the role of HSA has as an efficient transporter of biomolecules.展开更多
The NAC(NAM,ATAF,and CUC)family is considered one of the largest families of plant transcription factor,and its members are involved in fruit ripening.Abscisic acid(ABA)has been demonstrated to modulate the fruit ripe...The NAC(NAM,ATAF,and CUC)family is considered one of the largest families of plant transcription factor,and its members are involved in fruit ripening.Abscisic acid(ABA)has been demonstrated to modulate the fruit ripening process.By applying the virus-induced gene silencing method and next-generation sequencing technology,we conducted a compara-tive analysis of the eff ects of SNAC4(SlNAC48,accession number:NM 001279348.2)and SNAC9(SlNAC19,accession number:XM 004236996.2)on tomato fruit ripening.The results of high-throughput sequencing identified 1262 significant(p<0.05)diff erentially expressed genes(DEGs)in SNAC4-silenced fruit compared to control fruit,while 655 DEGs were identified in SNAC9-silenced fruit.In addition,we selected 26 and 30 significant DEGs(p<0.05 and log 2-fold change>1.0)related to ABA in SNAC4-silenced and SNAC9-silenced tomatoes,respectively,for further analysis.The XET gene and two other genes(E8 and EXP1)were significantly down and upregulated in SNAC4-silenced tomatoes,respectively.However,the PYL9 gene and four other genes(PP2C,CYP707A2,EXPA6,and ACS6)were significantly down and upregulated in SNAC9-silenced tomatoes,respectively.In addition,ten DEGs were selected for use in tests to confirm the accuracy of the transcriptomic results by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Our results highlight the relationship between SNAC4/9 and ABA in the regulation of tomato ripening,which may help provide a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanisms of tomato fruit ripening and senescence.展开更多
The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol ext...The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract (BBPP) exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract (BBCP), but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group (treated with cyclophosphamide). These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.展开更多
Schizochytrium sp.,a marine microalga,is a potential source of edible oil due to its short growth cycle and rapid lipid accumulation,especially of docosahexaenoic acid.An approach to isolate edible microalgal oil from...Schizochytrium sp.,a marine microalga,is a potential source of edible oil due to its short growth cycle and rapid lipid accumulation,especially of docosahexaenoic acid.An approach to isolate edible microalgal oil from Schizochytrium sp.using aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE)was developed.Parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments followed by Box-Behnken design.Proteases were effective in extracting oil.The maximum free oil recovery(49.7%±0.58%)and total oil recovery(68.1%±0.94%)were obtained under optimum conditions of liquid-to-solid ratio of 4.8:1,a 2.5%enzyme concentration of papain and an extraction time of 2.2 h.There was a significant difference(P<0.05)in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition between microalgal oil obtained by AEE and by Soxhlet extraction,with the former having superior physiochemical properties and higher concentrations of bioactive components including total phenolic compounds and total tocopherols.These findings indicate a potential application of AEE for extraction of oil from Schizochytrium sp.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China[Grant No.32072274 and 31871848].
文摘NAC transcriptional regulators are crucial for tomato ripening.Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)of SNAC9(SlNAC19,Gene ID:101248665)affects tomato ripening,and SNAC9 is involved in ethylene and abscisic acid(ABA)metabolic pathways.However,the function of SNAC9 in pigment metabolism in tomatoes remains unclear.This work seeks to discover the mechanism of SNAC9 involvement in pigment metabolism during tomato ripening by establishing a SNAC9 knockout model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.The results indicated that fruit ripening was delayed in knockout(KO)mutants,and SNAC9 mutation significantly affected carotenoid metabolism.The chlorophyll(Chl)degradation rate,total carotenoid content,and lycopene content decreased significantly in the mutants.The transformation rate of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in mutants was slower,which was related to the carotenoid content.Furthermore,SNAC9 changed the expression of critical genes(PSY1,PDS,CRTISO,Z-ISO,SGR1,DXS2,LCYE,LCYB,and CrtR-b2)involved in pigment metabolism in tomato ripening.SNAC9 knockout also altered the expression levels of critical genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA.Accordingly,SNAC9 regulated carotenoid metabolism by directly regulating PSY1,DXS2,SGR1,and CrtR-b2.This research provides a foundation for developing the tomato ripening network and precise tomato ripening regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31671899 and 31871848)
文摘Salt stress a ects the growth and development of plants, which results in a decrease in crop quality and yield. In this study, we used tomato seedlings treated with salt and trehalose as experimental materials and analyzed them using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution analysis to select the optimal trehalose concentration for treatment. We also determined the contents of sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) and detected the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of sugar and ABA by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that the optimal trehalose concentration was 2 mmol/L for tomato seedlings under salt stress. Exogenous trehalose decreased the starch content and increased the soluble sugar con- tent by a ecting the expression of genes related to the metabolism of starch and soluble sugar. Exogenous trehalose altered the accumulation and distribution of sugar by inducing the upregulation of sugar transporter genes. Furthermore, trehalose increased the ABA content to induce salt stress response by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of ABA. In conclusion, trehalose can e ectively alleviate salt stress and enhance salt tolerance of tomato. These ndings provide a novel perspective and a better resource to investigate the salt tolerance mechanism and a new method for alleviating salt stress in tomato.
基金supported by a key project in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th 5-year plan period (No. 2006BAD22B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31470091)Innovation Team of Tianjin Forestry and Pomology Research System (No. ITTFPRS2018009)
文摘This study evaluated the changes in sugar metabolism and fruit quality of diff erent pear cultivars during cold storage using seven major commercial pear cultivars belonging to diff erent Pyrus species, such as P. bretschneideri Rehd.("Huangguan,""Yali"), P. pyrifolia Nakai.("Wonhwang,""Hosui"), P. ussuriensis Maxim.("Jingbai,""Nanguo"), and P. communis L.("Bartlett"). The fi rmness, respiration rate, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugar content, and enzyme activity of the seven pear cultivars were investigated. SPSS was used for analyzing the signifi cance of diff erent indexes. Results showed that fructose was the dominant sugar, accounting for > 60% of total sugars, followed by glucose and sucrose. The respiration peak of almost all cultivars appeared within 60 days. The levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids increased within 90 days and then generally decreased. Acid invertase showed the highest activity among all pear cultivars, followed by neutral invertase, sucrose synthetase, and sucrose phosphate synthetase during storage.
基金funded as a key project in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th 5-Year Plans (No.2006BAD22B01)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31171769)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No.201303075)
文摘Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene expression and activity ofacid invertase(AI), neutral invertase(NI), sucrose synthase(SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) during the development of "Huangguan" and "Yali" pears. The results demonstrate that during development, the fruit sugar metabolism of the "Huangguan" pear follows a typical sorbitol–starch-soluble sugars middle model, whereas the "Yali" pear fruit follows a typical sorbitol–sucrose–starch-soluble sugars middle model. In the "Huangguan" pear, we found the AI and NI gene expressions, as well as AI( P < 0.05) and NI( P < 0.01) enzyme activities, to be positively correlated, whereas we found the NI gene expression and NI enzyme activity of "Yali" pear to be negatively correlated( P < 0.01). We observed the high levels oflate-stage AI and early-stage SS during development to roughly correspond with the gene expression found in the late and early stages, respectively, suggesting their potential regulatory roles in "Huangguan" pear fruit development. Our results indicate that the primary function of SPS during the early developmental stage is to accumulate sucrose, whereas the primary function of AI is to promote hexose accumulation during the late developmental stage ofmature "Yali" pear fruit.
基金This work was finically supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30800767 and 31271979)the Opening Foundation of Large-scale Equipment in Tianjin University.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772022,32072284 and 31501544)the Special Innovation Ability Construction Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.20200427 and 20210437)+4 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin City(Grant No.19YFSLQY00100)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant Nos.Z191100008619004 and Z191100004019010)Supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,collaborative innovation center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.201915)the Young Investigator Fund of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(Grant No.202016)the key scientific research projects of colleges and universities in Henan Province(Grant No.20A550014)。
文摘Tomato fruit are sensitive to chilling injury(CI)during cold storage.Several factors have been discovered to be involved in chilling injury of tomato fruit.Plant hormones play an important regulatory role,however,the relationship between chilling injury and N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation of transcripts in plant hormone pathways has not been reported yet.In order to clarify the complex regulatory mechanism of m^(6)A methylation on chilling injury in tomato fruit,Nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed.A large number of enzymes and transcription factors were found to be involved in the regulation process of fruit chilling injury,which were associated with plant hormone,such as 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase(ACS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),auxin response factor(ARF2),ethylene response factor 2(ERF2),gibberellin 20-oxidase-3(GA20ox)and jasmonic acid(JA).By conjoint analysis of the differential expression transcripts related to chilling injury andm^(6)Amethylation differential expression transcripts 41 differential expression transcripts were identified involved in chilling injury including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase(ACO)and pectinesterase(PE)were down-regulated and heat shock cognate 70 kD protein 2(cpHSC70),HSP70-binding protein(HspBP)and salicylic acid-binding protein 2(SABP2)were up-regulated.Our results will provide a deeper understanding for chilling injury regulatory mechanism and post-harvest cold storage of tomato fruit.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31571825, 31271979, and 31201245)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (No. 15JCYBJC30100)
文摘Biochanin A(BCA) and CPe-Ⅲ peptide, which both exist in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.), possess significant antihyperlipidemic properties. However, the actualmechanisms ofthose compounds in inhibiting the dysregulation oflipid metabolism and complicated inflammation have not been wellcharacterized. This study investigated the effects ofBCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and combined BCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide(BC) on the expression ofgenes involved in hepatic lipid and inflammation metabolism. Results demonstrated that BCA, CPe-Ⅲ peptide, and BC significantly attenuated hepatitis and hyperlipidemia by downregulating those genes involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α), hepatic fatty acid(FA) synthesis(ACC1 and FAS), cholesterolmetabolism(SREBP2, HMGCR, and PCSK9), and upregulating key regulators involved in FA oxidation(PPARα and FABP1), lipolysis(ATGL), LDLR, reverse cholesteroltransport(ABCA1, SR-B1, and LXRα), and cholesterolcatabolism(CYP7 A1). Moreover, they also altered the expression oflipid metabolism-related proteins, including SREBP2, PCSK9, LDLR, ABCA1, and CYP7 A1. Finally, these results revealed that the combination treatment ofBCA and CPe-Ⅲ peptide resulted in greater antihyperlipidemic activity compared with individualcompounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.3117 1769)
文摘The development of edible coatings has been lauded with respect to their safety and effectiveness.In this study,we researched the effects of edible coatings(2%CaCl_2,1%chitosan and 1%pullulan) on the nutrient content and antioxidant abilities of jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Miller cv.Dongzao).Using the new analysis technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS),we evaluated the effects of these coatings.Compared with the control fruit group,test results showed that coating treatment significantly delayed fruit senescence.Specifically,CaCl_2 treatment not only maintained fruit storage quality and antioxidant activity but also restrained the production and accumulation of malondialdehyde in jujube.Chitosan treatment delayed decreases in secondary metabolites and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.Pullulan coatings performed better in terms of proanthocyanidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP).We also used TOPSIS to evaluate the preservation effect of different film coatings and found 2%CaCl_2 to be the best treatment for jujube,followed by 1%chitosan and 1%pullulan.Based on the appropriate materials and concentration of the film coatings,edible coatings have the potential to retain the quality and antioxidant capacity of the Chinese jujube cv.Dongzao.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31,271,979 and No. 31,571,825)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.15JCYBJC30100)
文摘Biochanin A(BCA), the most abundant isoflavone in chickpeas, presents a wide range of biological activities, such as hypolipidaemic, anti-oxidative, antiproliferative, and estrogen-like effects. We investigated the interaction between BCA and human serum albumin(HSA) via several techniques. UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy verified the conformational variation of HSA after BCA addition, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the relevant binding parameters. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to estimate the secondary structural changes of HSA with and without BCA. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were then applied to study the characteristics of HSA with BCA. Energy decomposition analysis was used to prove that Trp214 in subdomain ⅡA of HSA is the most likely binding site of BCA. Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions may play important roles during the binding process. All of our results showed that BCA presents significant binding affinity to HSA, thus confirming that the role of HSA has as an efficient transporter of biomolecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31671899 and 31871848)。
文摘The NAC(NAM,ATAF,and CUC)family is considered one of the largest families of plant transcription factor,and its members are involved in fruit ripening.Abscisic acid(ABA)has been demonstrated to modulate the fruit ripening process.By applying the virus-induced gene silencing method and next-generation sequencing technology,we conducted a compara-tive analysis of the eff ects of SNAC4(SlNAC48,accession number:NM 001279348.2)and SNAC9(SlNAC19,accession number:XM 004236996.2)on tomato fruit ripening.The results of high-throughput sequencing identified 1262 significant(p<0.05)diff erentially expressed genes(DEGs)in SNAC4-silenced fruit compared to control fruit,while 655 DEGs were identified in SNAC9-silenced fruit.In addition,we selected 26 and 30 significant DEGs(p<0.05 and log 2-fold change>1.0)related to ABA in SNAC4-silenced and SNAC9-silenced tomatoes,respectively,for further analysis.The XET gene and two other genes(E8 and EXP1)were significantly down and upregulated in SNAC4-silenced tomatoes,respectively.However,the PYL9 gene and four other genes(PP2C,CYP707A2,EXPA6,and ACS6)were significantly down and upregulated in SNAC9-silenced tomatoes,respectively.In addition,ten DEGs were selected for use in tests to confirm the accuracy of the transcriptomic results by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Our results highlight the relationship between SNAC4/9 and ABA in the regulation of tomato ripening,which may help provide a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanisms of tomato fruit ripening and senescence.
文摘The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract (BBPP) exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract (BBCP), but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group (treated with cyclophosphamide). These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571825,31271979)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(15JCYBJC30100)+1 种基金the Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University(2017XZC-0017)the Dean Foundation of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(14006)。
文摘Schizochytrium sp.,a marine microalga,is a potential source of edible oil due to its short growth cycle and rapid lipid accumulation,especially of docosahexaenoic acid.An approach to isolate edible microalgal oil from Schizochytrium sp.using aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE)was developed.Parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments followed by Box-Behnken design.Proteases were effective in extracting oil.The maximum free oil recovery(49.7%±0.58%)and total oil recovery(68.1%±0.94%)were obtained under optimum conditions of liquid-to-solid ratio of 4.8:1,a 2.5%enzyme concentration of papain and an extraction time of 2.2 h.There was a significant difference(P<0.05)in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition between microalgal oil obtained by AEE and by Soxhlet extraction,with the former having superior physiochemical properties and higher concentrations of bioactive components including total phenolic compounds and total tocopherols.These findings indicate a potential application of AEE for extraction of oil from Schizochytrium sp.