Hydrogen sulfide protects against amyloid beta-peptide induced neuronal injury via attenuating inflammatory responses in a rat model

Neuroinflammation has been recognized to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques containing activated microglia and amyloid β-peptides (Aβ). In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on neuroinflammation in rats with Aβ1-40 hippocampal injection. We found that Aβ-induced rats exhibited a disorder of pyramidal cell layer arrangement, and a decrease of mean pyramidal cell number in the CA1 hippocampal region compared with those in sham operated rats. NaHS (a donor of H2S, 5.6 mg/kg/d, i.p.) treatment for 3 weeks rescued neuronal cell death significantly. Moreover, we found that H2S dramatically suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Consistently, both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays showed that H2S inhibited the upregulation of COX-2 and the activation of NF-κB in the hippocampus. In conclusion, our data indicate that H2S suppresses neuroinflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB activation pathway in the Aβ-induced rat model and has potential value for AD therapy.

Influencing Factors of Total Factor Energy Efficiency in Bohai Rim Region Based on DEA-Tobit Model

Bohai Rim region is an important economic development area and a large carbon emission area in China.It is of great significance to explore the total factor energy efficiency and its influencing factors for the low carbon transformation and high-quality development of the Bohai Rim region.Based on the total factor energy efficiency framework,the DDF-DEA model was used to calculate the total factor energy efficiency,and the internal and external differences of the total factor energy efficiency were further analyzed.The internal and external influencing factors were determined by ML index method and classical endogenous growth theory,and then the Tobit panel model was used to empirically analyze the action mechanism of all influencing factors of total factor energy efficiency in the Bohai Rim region.The results show that the pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency and technological progress among the internal influencing factors contribute to the improvement of energy efficiency in the Bohai Rim region.Industrial structure,industrial internal structure and ownership structure inhibit the improvement of energy efficiency.Energy consumption structure and energy endowment also have a negative impact on energy efficiency.Therefore,measures such as promoting technological progress,adjusting economic structure and optimizing energy structure will effectively improve total factor energy efficiency in the Bohai Rim region.

Effects of nanoscale Sn segregation on corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fusion Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy

Corrosion resistance of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys is crucial towards its practical application in marine engineering.In this work,corrosion behavior of LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy was com-prehensively investigated.The results suggest that LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy exhibits superior corrosion re-sistance than the conventional casting counterpart and their corrosion behavior is highly associated with Sn segregation.Generally,a triple-layer film will be formed on the surface of LPBF Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy when being exposed to 3.5 wt%NaCl solution.To be more detailed,the abundance of nanoscale Sn-rich precipitates at the molten pool boundaries promotes the initial formation of a thick inner layer,where Ni and Sn tend to be distributed at inner and outer positions of the layer,respectively.In contrast,the inner layer on molten pools is much thinner ascribed to a lower Sn content,facilitating the earlier nucleation and growth of a compact middle layer that is mainly composed of numerous Cu-rich nanoparticles.At the outmost position,CuO,Cu(OH)_(2) and Ni(OH)_(2) constitute the major composition of the loose layer.The results of this study could contribute to the optimal design and processing of additively manufactured Cu-Ni-Sn alloys.

光学透明技术在植物多尺度成像中的应用

光学透明技术是一种通过各种化学试剂,将原本不透明的生物样本实现透明化,并在光学显微镜下深度成像的技术。结合多种光学显微成像新技术,光学透明技术可对整个组织进行成像和三维重建,深度剖析生物体内部空间特征与形成机制。近年来,多种植物光学透明技术和多尺度成像技术被陆续研发,并取得了丰硕的研究成果。该文综述了生物体光学透明技术的基本原理和一些新技术,重点介绍基于光学透明技术开发的新型成像方法及其在植物成像与细胞生物学中的应用,为后续植物整体、组织或器官的透明、成像与三维重构及功能研究提供理论依据和技术支持。