A Modification of LiMn2O4 by Ionic Conductive Agent and Electronic Conductive Agent Coating

Carbon was used as electronic conductive agent, and metasilicic acid lithium (Li2SiO3) as ionic conductive agent, the two factors were investigated cooperatively. We evaluated their effect by using spherical spinel LiMn2O4 which prepared ourselves as cathode material. Then Li2SiO3/carbon surface coating on LiMn2O4 (LMO/C/LSO) which Li2SiO3 inside and carbon/Li2SiO3 coated LiMn2O4 (LMO/LSO/C) were prepared, All of materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical test;spherical LiMn2O4 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM);and coated materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While uncoated spinel LiMn2O4 maintained 72% of capacity in 60 cycles by the rate of 0.2C, and LMO/LSO/C showed the best electrochemical performance, 89% of the initial capacity remained after 75 cycles at 0.2C. Furthermore, the rate performance of LMO/LSO/C also improved obviously, about 30 mAh·g-1 of capacity attained at the rate of 5C, higher than LMO/C/LSO and bare LiMn2O4.

保留迷走神经肺支对Ⅰ期周围型肺腺癌患者术后咳嗽影响的初步研究

背景与目的咳嗽是肺部手术后的主要并发症之一,严重影响患者术后生活质量。保留迷走神经肺支可能降低患者术后咳嗽发生率。因此,本研究旨在探究保留迷走神经肺支是否能够降低I期肺腺癌患者术后慢性咳嗽发生率。方法前瞻性选取2022年6月至2023年6月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院胸外科行单孔胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者125例,根据术中是否保留迷走神经肺支分为保留迷走神经肺支组(n=61)和传统组(n=64)。记录两组患者一般临床资料、围手术期情况、淋巴结清扫情况、术前及术后8周中文版莱斯特咳嗽问卷(Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire,LCQ-MC)评分。将两组患者根据术中淋巴结清扫后是否填塞自体脂肪或吸收性明胶海绵分为填塞组及非填塞组,比较两组亚组间LCQ-MC评分及术后慢性咳嗽情况。结果传统组术后8周LCQ-MC评分在生理、心理、社会及总分方面明显低于保留迷走神经肺支组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);咳嗽患者较保留迷走神经肺支组更多(P=0.006)。保留迷走神经肺支组和传统组分别进行亚组分析,保留迷走神经肺支组患者和传统组患者中,非填塞组术后8周LCQ-MC评分均低于填塞组(P<0.05),非填塞组术后8周咳嗽患者均较填塞组更多(P=0.001,P=0.024)。结论对于I期周围型肺腺癌患者行手术治疗时,保留迷走神经肺支安全有效,能够降低患者术后慢性咳嗽发生率,提高患者术后生活质量。

New Continuum Observations of the Andromeda galaxy M31 with FAST

We present a new total intensity image of M31 at 1.248 GHz,observed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio telescope(FAST)with an angular resolution of 4'and a sensitivity of about 16 mK.The new FAST image clearly reveals weak emission outside the ring due to its high sensitivity on large-scale structures.We derive a scale length of 2.7 kpc for the cosmic ray electrons and find that the cosmic ray electrons propagate mainly through diffusion by comparing the scale length at 4.8 GHz.The spectral index of the total intensity varies along the ring,which can be attributed to the variation of the spectra of synchrotron emission.This variation is likely caused by the change of star formation rates along the ring.We find that the azimuthal profile of the non-thermal emission can be interpreted by an axisymmetric large-scale magnetic field with varying pitch angle along the ring,indicating a complicated magnetic field configuration in M31.

单孔与三孔胸腔镜治疗非小细胞肺癌患者近期结果对比分析

背景与目的目前多孔胸腔镜肺部手术治疗肺部疾病的优势研究报道较多,但单孔和多孔胸腔镜(video-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS)之间的比较报道较少。本研究旨在评估单孔与三孔VATS两种手术方式对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者术后近期疗效的比较。方法回顾性分析266例行单孔或三孔VATS肺癌根治术的患者,比较两组患者临床病理特征、围手术期资料和短期生活质量。结果两组患者临床病理特征无统计学差异(P>0.05);相较三孔组,单孔组术中出血量和术后引流量更少,术后胸管留置时间和术后住院时间更短(P<0.05),两组患者淋巴结清扫数目和站数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。单孔组术后疼痛得分明显低于三孔组(P<0.05)。单孔组总并发症、肺部并发症发生率低于三孔组,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单孔VATS作为一种更加微创的手术,治疗可切除NSCLC安全有效,能够达到甚至优于三孔VATS手术效果。

预后营养指数与食管鳞癌患者术后并发症和远期预后的相关性研究

目的:分析预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)和食管鳞癌患者术后并发症与预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院收治的食管鳞癌术后患者258例。其中高PNI患者157例,低PNI患者101例。比较两组患者临床病理特征、术后并发症、中位生存期和5年生存率。结果:低PNI组患者的TNM分期较晚,肿瘤直径>3 cm、有吸烟史、饮酒史和血清白蛋白值低的患者较多(P<0.05)。高PNI组总并发症(28.0%vs.40.6%)、肺部并发症(7.6%vs.16.8%)和吻合口瘘发生率(4.5%vs.40.9%)低于低PNI组(P<0.05)。高PNI组中位生存期和第1、3和5年生存率均优于低PNI组(87.3%,71.3%,50.3%vs.76.2%,56.4%,32.7%,P<0.001)。Cox多因素生存分析显示TNM分期和PNI水平与生存率显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:术前PNI可用于判断食管癌术后患者预后状况。

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值预测根治性切除肺腺癌患者预后分析

背景与目的已有的研究表明中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤的预后有显著影响,但是其对可切除肺腺癌患者预后影响目前研究较少。本研究旨在分析NLR与肺腺癌患者术后临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法回顾性分析163例经病理确诊为肺腺癌并行肺腺癌根治切除术患者的临床随访病理资料。根据术前1周内化验结果计算NLR值。通过对受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)的分析得出NLR的临界值(cut-off值)。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和Cox比例风险模型研究NLR对肺腺癌术后患者预后的影响。结果采用5年生存作为终点绘制NLR值的ROC曲线,当NLR值为2.96时,正确指数(Youden指数)最大,敏感度为77.5%,特异度为75.9%。低NLR组累计5年生存率显著高于高NLR组(P<0.05)。单因素及多因素生存分析显示:TNM分期和NLR水平与生存率显著相关(P<0.05)。结论NLR值作为一项便捷且有效的指标,可用于初步判断肺腺癌术后患者预后状况。

Co0.85Se magnetic nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes as catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Co0.85Se magnetic nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes were prepared by a one‐step hydrothermal method.The saturation magnetization and coercivity of the MWCNTs/Co0.85Se nanocomposites increased due to a decrease in the Co0.85Se nanoparticle size in the MWCNTs/Co0.85Se nanocomposites and an increase in the distance between the Co0.85Se nanoparticles,which increased the specific surface area,thereby benefiting the electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst.Moreover,the MWCNTs/Co0.85Se nanocomposites exhibited an excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performance owing to the presence of MWCNTs,which enhanced the mass transport during the electrocatalytic reactions.Furthermore,in an acid solution,the 30 wt%MWCNTs/Co0.85Se composite catalyst exhibited a current density of 10 mA cm^‒2 at a small overpotential of 266 mV vs.RHE,a small Tafel slope of 60.5 mV dec^‐1,and good stability for HER.

BLM helicase inhibition synergizes with PARP inhibition to improve the radiosensitivity of olaparib resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting homologous recombination repair

Objective:We aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing efficacy of the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitor,olaparib,and the Bloom syndrome protein(BLM)helicase inhibitor,ML216,in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Methods:Radiosensitization of NSCLC cells was assessed by colony formation and tumor growth assays.Mechanistically,the effects of ML216,olaparib,and radiation on cell and tumor proliferation,DNA damage,cell cycle,apoptosis,homologous recombination(HR)repair,and non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)repair activity were determined.Results:Both olaparib and ML216 enhanced the radiosensitivities of olaparib-sensitive H460 and H1299 cells,which was seen as decreased surviving fractions and Rad51 foci,increased total DNA damage,andγH2AX and 53BP1 foci(P<0.05).The expressions of HR repair proteins were remarkably decreased in olaparib-treated H460 and H1299 cells after irradiation(P<0.05),while olaparib combined with ML216 exerted a synergistic radiosensitization effect on olaparib-resistant A549 cells.In addition to increases of double strand break(DSB)damage and decreases of Rad51 foci,olaparib combined with ML216 also increased pDNA-PKcs(S2056)foci,abrogated G2 cell cycle arrest,and induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer after irradiation in vitro and in vivo(P<0.05).Moreover,Western blot showed that olaparib combined with ML216 and irradiation inhibited HR repair,promoted NHEJ repair,and inactivated cell cycle checkpoint signals both in vitro and in vivo(P<0.05).Conclusions:Taken together,these results showed the efficacy of PARP and BLM helicase inhibitors for radiosensitizing NSCLC cells,and supported the model that BLM inhibition sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization,as well as providing the basis for the potential clinical development of this combination for tumors intrinsically resistant to PARP inhibitors and radiotherapy.

Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Based Two-Way Relaying

Cooperative communication is regarded as a promising technique for improving the reliability of wireless communication links and enhancing the radio coverage simultaneously. Unlike the conventional half-duplex(HD) mode relaying techniques,the full-duplex based two-way relaying(FD-TWR) enables data exchanges between two nodes to be completed within a single time-slot,thus resulting in a significant improvement in the spectrum efficiency. In this paper,the channel model of the FD-TWR is first given out,followed by deriving the critical performance metrics,including the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR),the upper bound of the ergodic capacity and the closedform solution of the proposed FD-TWR under amplify-and-forward(AF) mode. Furthermore,taking the limit of sum-transmit-power into account,we formulate the objective function of the optimal power allocation of FD-TWR as an extreme-value problem by deriving the optimal transmit power for both the source nodes and the relay node. As long as the self-interference(SI) signal in the FD-TWR nodes can be sufficiently suppressed,the proposed scheme is shown to outperform the conventional HD mode in terms of both the ergodic capacity and the outage probability. In addition,regardless of the practical SI power,the proposedFD-TWR is always capable of achieving its best performance with an aid of the proposed optimal power allocation scheme.

The Research on the Analysis and Application of Detecting Underground Civil Air Defense with GPR

On the basis of the principle of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method and geophysical characteristics, this paper discusses in detail detection method of civil air defense distinguished by GPR under the complex geological condition through using the analysis and application in the survey of underground civil air defense as an example. Three dimensional image of the defense clearly reflects its underground structure. Test result has the greatly high detection precision. This example illustrates the effectiveness and practicability of GPR in the respect of detection of the civil air defense and also accumulates experiences for the application of GPR in urban geological survey.

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Early Cretaceous Dagushan adakitic porphyries in the Anshan area,North China Craton

The eastern part of the North China Craton suffered significant lithospheric thinning since the Mesozoic,and petrogenesis of the Dagushan adakitic diorite porphyries provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the lithospheric thinning mechanism and geodynamic setting.The zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology reveals that the representative Dagushan adakitic porphyry was formed at 120.5±0.5 Ma.The Dagushan diorite porphyries are characterized by the relatively high contents of SiO_(2)(64.25–65.70 wt%),Al_(2) O_(3)(15.00–15.38 wt%),Sr(333–491 ppm),low contents of Y(6.50–10.3 ppm),and Yb(0.57–0.85 ppm),and resultant high Sr/Y(47–57)and La/Yb(37–55)ratios,exhibiting geochemical characteristics of typical adakites.Moreover,the relatively high Mg O contents(MgO=2.23–2.29 wt%)and Mg numbers(Mg^(#)-=54–56)of the Dagushan adakitic rocks imply that the pristine adakitic magma interacted with mantle peridotite.However,the zircon Hf isotopic signatures(εHf(t)=-19.0 to-28.0;TDM2=2378–2944 Ma)suggest an ancient lower crustal source.Therefore,it is proposed that the Dagushan adakitic rock was probably generated by partial melting of delaminated lower crust which was triggered by the Tan-Lu Fault Zone,and the interaction of pristine adakitic magma with mantle peridotite during the ascent finally generated the Dagushan high Mg^(#)adakitic rocks.It is suggested that delamination was an important mechanism for lithospheric thinning of the NCC.

单原子合金的基本原理和催化应用

在惰性金属表面掺入原子级分散催化活性金属制备而成的单原子合金近年来引起了科研界的极大关注.单原子合金表面独特的几何和电子性质加速了反应物分子的解离并弱化了中间物种的吸附,使其在诸多催化反应中表现出高活性和高选择性.本文总结了单原子合金的结构特征和催化反应性能的最新进展.我们首先列举了一系列单原子合金的可控合成方法,并进一步总结了高端表征技术,特别是原位光谱技术用于识别单原子合金中活性金属原子的几何和电子结构的方法.然后,我们结合多种催化反应,深入探究了单原子合金的几何与电子特性与催化性能之间的构效关系.最后探讨了单原子合金当前面临的挑战和未来的前景.

Multi-omics analyses of G6PD deficiency variants in Chinese population

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)deficiency is one of the most prevalent hereditary and X-linked enzyme disorders caused by the pathogenetic G6PD(NM_001042351.2)variants(Yang et al.,2016).The clinical manifestations of G6PD deficiency offer a wide spectrum of diverse disease phenotypes(Hecker et al.,2013).Investigations of prevalence and molecular epidemiology demonstrate that G6PD deficiency affects over 400 milion individuals worldwide and leads to thousands of deaths annually(Mortality and Causes of Death,2015).

A stretchable fabric as strain sensor integrating electromagnetic shielding and electrochemical energy storage

Multifunctional intelligent fabric plays an integral role in health management,human–machine interaction,wireless energy storage and conversion,and many other artificial intelligence fields.Herein,we demonstrate a newly developed MXene/polyaniline(PANI)multifunctional fabric integrated with strain sensing,electrochemical energy storage,and electromagnetic shielding properties.The multifunctional fabric-based strain sensor possesses a real-time signal response at a sizeable tensile strain of 100%with a minute strain of 0.5%,maintaining a stable and consistent signal response even after 3000 stretch–release cycles.In addition,the multifunctional fabric exhibits excellent electromagnetic shielding capabilities,achieving a total shielding effectiveness value of up to 43 dB,and in the meantime shows attractive electrochemical energy storage performance as an electrode in a supercapacitor,offering a maximum specific capacity and energy density of 522.5 mF·cm^(−2)and 18.16μWh·cm^(−2),respectively.Such a multifunctional intelligent fabric offers versatile opportunities to develop smart clothes for various artificial intelligent applications.

Exosome-mediated regulatory mechanisms in skeletal muscle:a narrative review

Skeletal muscle plays a paramount role in physical activity,metabolism,and energy balance,while its homeostasis is being challenged by multiple unfavorable factors such as injury,aging,or obesity.Exosomes,a subset of extracellular vesicles,are now recognized as essential mediators of intercellular communication,holding great clinical potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle diseases.Herein,we outline the recent research progress in exosomal isolation,characterization,and mechanism of action,and emphatically discuss current advances in exosomes derived from multiple organs and tissues,and engineered exosomes regarding the regulation of physiological and pathological development of skeletal muscle.These remarkable advances expand our understanding of myogenesis and muscle diseases.Meanwhile,the engineered exosome,as an endogenous nanocarrier combined with advanced design methodologies of biomolecules,will help to open up innovative therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of muscle diseases.

NMDARs regulate the excitatory-inhibitory balance within neural circuits

Excitatory-inhibitory(E/I)balance is essential for normal neural development,behavior and cognition.E/I imbalance leads to a variety of neurological disorders,such as autism and schizophrenia.NMDA receptors(NMDARs)regulate AMPAR-mediated excitatory and GABAAR-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission,suggesting that NMDARs play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the E/I balance.In this review,we briefly introduced NMDARs,AMPARs and GABAARs,summarized the current studies on E/I balance mediated by NMDARs,and discussed the current advances in NMDAR-mediated AMPAR and GABAAR development.Specifically,we analyzed the role of NMDAR subunits in the establishment and maintenance of E/I balance,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the recovery of E/I imbalance in neurological disorders.

BK channels in microglia

Large-conductance calcium-and voltage-dependent potassium(BK)channels are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes such as neurotransmission and cerebral ischemia.BK channels comprise up to four pore-formingαsubunits and zero to four accessory subunits.Although microglial BK currents were initially recorded 27 years ago,their roles have long been elusive.Studies have demonstrated that BK channels modulate the activation,phagocytosis,and probably migration of microglia and have associated microglial BK channels with many neurological diseases,including neuropathic pain and stroke.This review summarizes the available information regarding the biophysical,functional,and pathological aspects of microglial BK channels and discusses future directions of research into these channels.

Associations of muscle mass,strength,and quality with all-cause mortality in China:a population-based cohort study

Background It remains unclear about the association of muscle mass,strength,and quality with death in the general Chinese population of diverse economical and geographical backgrounds.The present study aimed to comprehensively examine such associations across different regions in China.Methods Based on the China Kadoorie Biobank study,the present study included 23,290 participants who were aged 38 to 88 years and had no prevalent cardiovascular diseases or cancer.Muscle mass and grip strength were measured using calibrated instruments.Arm muscle quality was defined as the ratio of grip strength to arm muscle mass.Low muscle mass,grip strength,and arm muscle quality were defined as the sex-specific lowest quintiles of muscle mass index,grip strength,and arm muscle quality,respectively.Cox proportional hazards models yielded hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for risks of all-cause mortality in relation to muscle mass,strength,and quality.Results During a median follow-up of 3.98 years,739 participants died.The HR(95%CI)of all-cause mortality risk was 1.28(1.08–1.51)for low appendicular muscle mass index,1.38(1.16–1.62)for low total muscle mass index,1.68(1.41–2.00)for low grip strength,and 1.41(1.20–1.66)for low arm muscle quality in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics,lifestyle factors,and medical histories.Conclusion Low muscle mass,grip strength,and arm muscle quality are all associated with short-term increased risks of mortality,indicating the importance of maintaining normal muscle mass,strength,and quality for general Chinese adults.

High-power and high-efficiency 4.3 μm ZGP-OPO

In this paper,a high-power and high-efficiency 4.3μm mid-infrared(MIR)optical parametric oscillator(OPO)based on ZnGeP_(2)(ZGP)crystal is demonstrated.An acousto-optically Q-switched Ho Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) laser operating at 2.1μm with a maximum average output power of 35 W and pulse width of 38 ns at a repetition rate of 15 kHz is established and employed as the pump source.A doubly resonant OPO is designed and realized with the total MIR output power of 13.27 W,including the signal and idler output power of 2.65 W at 4.07μm and 10.62 W at 4.3μm.The corresponding total optical-to-optical and slope efficiencies are 37.9%and 67.1%,respectively.The shortest pulse width,beam quality factor,and output power instability are measured to be 36 ns,M_(x)^(2)=1.8,M_(y)^(2)=2.0,and RMS<1.9%at 8 h,respectively.Our results pave a way for designing high-power and high-efficiency 4–5μm MIR laser sources.

Evolutionary changes of Hox genes and relevant regulatory factors provide novel insights into mammalian morphological modifications

The diversity of body plans of mammals accelerates the innovation of lifestyles and the extensive adaptation to different habitats,including terrestrial,aerial and aquatic habitats.However,the genetic basis of those phenotypic modifications,which have occurred during mammalian evolution,remains poorly explored.In the present study,we synthetically surveyed the evolutionary pattern of Hox clusters that played a powerful role in the morphogenesis along the head-tail axis of animal embryos and the main regulatory factors(Mll,Bmi1 and E2f6)that control the expression of Hox genes.A deflected density of repetitive elements and lineage-specific radical mutations of Mll have been determined in marine mammals with morphological changes,suggesting that evolutionary changes may alter Hox gene expression in these lineages,leading to the morphological modification of these lineages.Although no positive selection was detected at certain ancestor nodes of lineages,the increasedωvalues of Hox genes implied the relaxation of functional constraints of these genes during the mammalian evolutionary process.More importantly,49 positively-selected sites were identified in mammalian lineages with phenotypic modifications,indicating adaptive evolution acting on Hox genes and regulatory factors.In addition,3 parallel amino acid substitutions in some Hox genes were examined in marine mammals,which might be responsible for their streamlined body.