善本载道,佛典留香——2014年国图古籍研修班札记

本文记述了2014年北京国图古籍鉴定与保护高级研修班的概况和体会,并探讨了古籍文献研究及版本鉴定的方法和意义.文章继而概括了中文古籍善本在北美东亚图书馆的收藏情况,特别介绍了美国布朗大学图书馆的贾德纳藏书等.最后对佛教大藏经不同版本的编修和流传状况进行了梳理归纳,以及对新修版本的特点作了探究.

A novel superconducting magnetic levitation method to support the laser fusion capsule by using permanent magnets

A novel magnetic levitation support method is proposed, which can relieve the perturbation caused by traditional support methods andprovide more accurate position control of the capsule. This method can keep the perfect symmetry of the octahedral spherical hohlraum and hasthe characteristics in stability, tunability and simplicity. It is also favorable that all the results, such as supporting forces acting on the super-conducting capsule, are calculated analytically, and numerical simulations are performed to verify these results. A typical realistic design isproposed and discussed in detail. The superconducting coating material is suggested, and the required superconducting properties are listed.Damped oscillation of the floating capsule in thin helium gas is discussed, and the restoring time is estimated.

Real-time analysis of inflammatory cytokines and regulatory gene expression in tissues surrounding the hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND： Secondary lesions can occur in tissues surrounding the hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage, with the presence of inflammatory reactions, cytokine expression and apoptosis These have been confirmed in animal studies. Our study sought to determine whether these could be detected in human tissues surrounding the hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE： To investigate expression of inflammatory cytokines, Bax and Bcl-x, and identify neural cell apoptosis in tissues surrounding the hematoma, and to analyze the correlation between them and pathological damage in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This histopathology, controlled study was performed at the Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan People＇s Hospital, China, from January 2003 to January 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Brain tissues 1 cm from the hematoma in 30 intracerebral hemorrhage patients served as the experimental group. Brain tissues located away from the hematoma in 7 patients served as the control group. METHODS： TUNEL was used to detect neural cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry （labeled dextran polymer） and RT-PCR were used to measure tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, Bax and Bcl-x protein and mRNA expression. Pathological changes in brain tissues surrounding the hematoma were observed following HE staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neural cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, Bax and Bcl-x protein and mRNA expression, pathological changes in brain tissues surrounding the hematoma. RESULTS： Brain tissues surrounding the hematoma were mildly damaged within 6 hours, severely damaged at 24-72 hours, and significantly improved 1 week following intracerebral hemorrhage. Expression of tumor necrosis factor- α protein and mRNA, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 mRNA was not significant in tissues surrounding the hematoma, which was identical to the control group within 6 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage. This expression was significantly higher compared with the control group from 12-72 hours, and gradually decreased after 72 hours. The number of apoptotic neural cells reached a peak between 12- 72 hours. Tumor necrosis factor-α protein and mRNA, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 mRNA levels were positively correlated with apoptosis, Bax protein and mRNA levels （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 levels are highly correlated with apoptosis. With the decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels, the number of apoptotic cells gradually reduced.

Down-regulation of microRNA-23a promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation and progression by up-regulation of FOXM1 expression

Transcriptional factor Forkhead box M1(FOXM1)plays an important role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)development and progression.The molecular mechanisms underlying its dysregulation remain unclear.We identified and functionally validated the microRNAs(miRNAs)that critically regulate FOXM1 expression in PDAC.The expression levels of miRNA-23a(miR-23a-3p and-5p)were altered in PDAC cell lines and their effects on FOXM1 signaling and cell proliferation and migration and tumorigenesis were examined in vitro and in vivo using mouse PDAC models.Compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues,PDAC tissues and cell lines exhibited significantly reduced levels of miR-23a expression.Reduced miR-23a expression and concomitant increase in FOXM1 expression were also observed in acinar-toductal metaplasia and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia,the major premalignant lesions of PDAC.Transgenic expression of miR-23a reduced the expression of FOXM1 and suppressed cell proliferation and migration in PDAC cells,whereas the inhibitors of miR-23a did the opposite.Loss or reduced levels of miR-23a increased the levels of FOXM1 expression,while increased expression of FOXM1 down-regulated miR-23a expression,suggesting that miR-23a and FOXM1 were mutual negative regulators of their expression in PDAC cells.Therefore,the miR-23a/FOXM1 signaling axis is important in PDAC initiation and progression and could serve as an interventional or therapeutic target for patients with early or late stages of PDAC.