PAPS: Progressive Attention-Based Pan-sharpening

Pan-sharpening aims to seek high-resolution multispectral(HRMS) images from paired multispectral images of low resolution(LRMS) and panchromatic(PAN) images, the key to which is how to maximally integrate spatial and spectral information from PAN and LRMS images. Following the principle of gradual advance, this paper designs a novel network that contains two main logical functions, i.e., detail enhancement and progressive fusion, to solve the problem. More specifically, the detail enhancement module attempts to produce enhanced MS results with the same spatial sizes as corresponding PAN images, which are of higher quality than directly up-sampling LRMS images.Having a better MS base(enhanced MS) and its PAN, we progressively extract information from the PAN and enhanced MS images, expecting to capture pivotal and complementary information of the two modalities for the purpose of constructing the desired HRMS. Extensive experiments together with ablation studies on widely-used datasets are provided to verify the efficacy of our design, and demonstrate its superiority over other state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our code has been released at https://github.com/JiaYN1/PAPS.

More Than Lightening:A Self-Supervised Low-Light Image Enhancement Method Capable for Multiple Degradations

Low-light images suffer from low quality due to poor lighting conditions,noise pollution,and improper settings of cameras.To enhance low-light images,most existing methods rely on normal-light images for guidance but the collection of suitable normal-light images is difficult.In contrast,a self-supervised method breaks free from the reliance on normal-light data,resulting in more convenience and better generalization.Existing self-supervised methods primarily focus on illumination adjustment and design pixel-based adjustment methods,resulting in remnants of other degradations,uneven brightness and artifacts.In response,this paper proposes a self-supervised enhancement method,termed as SLIE.It can handle multiple degradations including illumination attenuation,noise pollution,and color shift,all in a self-supervised manner.Illumination attenuation is estimated based on physical principles and local neighborhood information.The removal and correction of noise and color shift removal are solely realized with noisy images and images with color shifts.Finally,the comprehensive and fully self-supervised approach can achieve better adaptability and generalization.It is applicable to various low light conditions,and can reproduce the original color of scenes in natural light.Extensive experiments conducted on four public datasets demonstrate the superiority of SLIE to thirteen state-of-the-art methods.Our code is available at https://github.com/hanna-xu/SLIE.

Engineering organoid microfluidic system for biomedical and health engineering:A review

In recent years,organoid technology,i.e.,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)tissue culture,has attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering.Organoids are cell complexes induced by differentiation of stem cells or organ-progenitor cells in vitro using 3D culture technology.They can replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of the target organs in vivo.With the opening up of this new field of health engineering,there is a need for engineering-system approaches to the production,control,and quantitative analysis of organoids and their microenvironment.Traditional organoid technology has limitations,including lack of physical and chemical microenvironment control,high heterogeneity,complex manual operation,imperfect nutritional supply system,and lack of feasible online analytical technology for the organoids.The introduction of microfluidic chip technology into organoids has overcome many of these limitations and greatly expanded the scope of applications.Engineering organoid microfluidic system has become an interdisciplinary field in biomedical and health engineering.In this review,we summarize the development and culture system of organoids,discuss how microfluidic technology has been used to solve the main technical challenges in organoid research and development,and point out new opportunities and prospects for applications of organoid microfluidic system in drug development and screening,food safety,precision medicine,and other biomedical and health engineering fields.

Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Central Sensitisation Inventory in patients with chronic pain

Background The 25-item Central Sensitisation Inventory(CSl-25)is a patient-reported instrument used to screen patients at risk of central sensitisation,a pathophysiological mechanism implicated in many chronic pain syndromes.Aims To adapt and validate a Chinese version of the CSl-25 in the Chinese population.Methods The Chinese CSl-25 was developed by the translation of the original English version,back translation,cultural adaptation and revision using the Delphi method.The Chinese CSl-25 was administered to 237patients with chronic pain and 55 healthy controls.Structural validity(confirmatoryfactor analysis),construct validity(correlations with other instruments),test-retest reliability and internal consistencywereevaluated.Results Confirmatory factor analysis extracted four main factors('physical symptoms','emotional distress','headache/jaw symptoms'and'urological symptoms').The Chinese CSl-25 score was positively correlated with the Pain Catastrophic Scale(PCS)total score(r=0.709),PCS subscale scores(r=0.630-0.695),Brief Pain Inventory(BPI)mean item score(r=0.773),BPI total score(r=0.773)and the number of painful sites(r=0.636).The Chinese CSl-25 had excellent test-retest reliability(intragroup correlation coefficient=0.975)and good internal consistency(Cronbach's α=0.930 in the overallpopulation and 0.882 in the chronic pain population).Conclusions The Chinese CSl-25 had excellent testretest reliability and satisfactory structuralvalidity and construct validity.This instrument could potentially be used in China as a self-report questionnaire in bothclinical practice and research settings.

Definition and expression of non-symmetric physical properties in space for uniaxial crystals

The anisotropic physical property is the most noteworthy feature of crystals.In this paper,the subscript change method is used to analyze the sign changes of different tensors describing physical properties in uniaxial crystals.The distribution of some physical properties in special point groups exhibits non-symmetry in eight quadrants,which should attract the attention of crystal research.The difference between the crystallographic and physical coordinate systems and the lack of crystal symmetry operations are considered to be the origins of the non-symmetry.To avoid ambiguities and difficulties in characterizing and applying crystal physical properties,eight quadrants in space should be clarified.Hence,we proposed the use of piezoelectric properties to define the positive direction of the optical coordinate axis prior to the research and applications of optical properties.

Experimental demonstration of phase-sensitive multimode continuous variable quantum key distribution with improved secure key rate

We develop and experimentally demonstrate a phase-sensitive continuous variable quantum key distribution system with improved secure key rate.This is achieved using multimode coherent states with phase-conjugated subcarrier modulation and phase-sensitive detection.The local oscillator for phase-sensitive detection is regenerated from a polarization-multiplexed carrier wave via optical injection locking.The proposed scheme has a higher classical information capacity at a given number of received photons and exhibits a higher secure key rate when applying the security analysis of the GG02 protocol.Experimental results confirm the higher secret key rate and better excess noise tolerance of the new scheme compared to the typical implementation of GG02.

高通量自动化微生物微液滴进化培养与筛选技术及其装备化

液滴微流控由于可以快速生成大量微液滴,并实现单个液滴独立的控制,每个液滴都可以作为独立的单元进行微生物培养,因此在微生物的高通量培养方面具有独特的应用优势。然而现有研究多停留在实验室搭建和使用阶段,存在操作要求高、影响因素多、缺乏自动化集成技术等关键问题,制约了液滴微流控技术在微生物研究中的应用。文中以解决液滴微流控技术用于微生物培养的装备化问题为目标,系统研究了微流控各单元模块的结构与功能,通过对液滴的发生、培养、检测、分割、融合、分选等多种操作的开发与集成,成功研制出了小型一体化、全自动高通量的微生物微液滴培养(Microbial Microdroplet Culture system,MMC)装备系统,可用于微生物的生长曲线测定、适应性进化、单因素多水平分析及代谢物检测等,为面向微生物菌种高效选育的进化培养和筛选提供了高通量仪器平台。

芒果产业废弃物中快速提取高纯度芒果苷的研究

本研究描述了一种从新鲜芒果叶片中分离纯化天然芒果苷的新颖简单且可大量制备的方法。以甲醇作为溶剂,采用超声辅助的方法从芒果叶片中提取芒果苷。芒果苷粗提物以及通过甲醇–氯仿(10:1,v/v)重结晶得到的产物的得率分别为1.41%(纯度86.5%)和0.75%(纯度大于99.6%)。采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相法对芒果苷进行纯度分析。通过UV、IR、Q-TOF/MS、^(1)H NMR和^(13)C NMR对纯化后的化合物结构进行鉴定。本文报道了一种简单、经济、快速、高效的芒果苷纯化方法。同时,采用该方法首次获得纯度超过99.6%的芒果苷。

SecureWeb： Protecting Sensitive Information Through the Web Browser Extension with a Security Token

The leakage of sensitive data occurs on a large scale and with increasingly serious impact. It may cause privacy disclosure or even property damage. Password leakage is one of the fundamental reasons for information leakage, and its importance is must be emphasized because users are likely to use the same passwords for different Web application accounts. Existing approaches use a password manager and encrypted Web application to protect passwords and other sensitive data; however, they may be compromised or lack accessibility. The paper presents SecureWeb, which is a secure, practical, and user-controllable framework for mitigating the leakage of sensitive data. SecureWeb protects users＇ passwords and aims to provide a unified protection solution to diverse sensitive data. The efficiency of the developed schemes is demonstrated and the results indicate that it has a low overhead and are of practical use.

Influence of equiatomic Zr/(Ti,Nb)substitution on microstructure and ultra-high strength of(Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics at 1900℃

High-temperature mechanical properties of medium-entropy carbide ceramics have attracted significant attention.Tailoring the microstructure is an effective way to improve these high-temperature mechanical properties,which can be affected by the evolution of the enthalpy and entropy,as well as by lattice distortion and sluggish diffusion.In this study,the effects of equiatomic Zr/(Ti,Nb)substitution(Zr content of 10-40 at%)on the microstructure and high-temperature strength of(Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics were investigated.The grain size of the(Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics was refined from 9.4±3.7 to 1.1±0.4μm with an increase in the Zr content from 10.0 to 33.3 at%.A further increase in the Zr content to 40 at%resulted in a slight increase in the grain size.At 1900℃,the(Ti,Zr,Nb)C medium-entropy ceramics with the Zr contents of 33.3 and 40 at%exhibited ultra-high flexural strengths of 875±43 and 843±71 MPa,respectively,which were higher than those of the transition metal carbides previously reported under similar conditions.Furthermore,relatively smooth grain boundaries,which were detected at a test temperature of 1000℃,transformed into curved and serrated boundaries as the temperature increased to 1900℃,which may be considered the primary reason for the improved high-temperature flexural strength.The associated mechanism was analyzed and discussed in detail.

Glucocorticoid receptor–IRS-1 axis controls EMT and the metastasis of breast cancers

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes that are important for various biological functions, including tumor growth and metastatic progression. However, the cellular and biological effects of GR remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of GR and its underlying mechanism in mediating breast cancer cell survival and metastasis. We observed that the GR levels were increased in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and in metastatic breast cancer samples. GR promoted tumor cell invasion and lung metastasis in vivo. The GR expression levels were negatively correlated with the survival rates of breast cancer patients. Both ectopic expression and knockdown of GR revealed that GR is a strong inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is consistent with its effects on cell survival and metastasis. GR suppressed the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) by acting as an IRS-1 transcriptional repressor. In addition, GR has an opposite effect on the expression levels of IRS-2, indicating that GR is able to differentially regulate the IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression. The cellular and biological effects elicited by GR were consistent with the reduced levels of IRS-1 observed in cancer cells, and GR-mediated IRS-1 suppression activated the ERK2 MAP kinase pathway, which is required for GR-mediated EMT. Taken together, our results indicate that GR–IRS-1 signaling axis plays an essential role in regulating the survival, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells.

A new encryption scheme for surveillance videos

In this paper, we propose a novel framework to encrypt surveillance videos. Although a few encryption schemes have been proposed in the literature, they are not sufficiently efficient due to the lack of full consideration of the characteristics of surveillance videos, i.e., intensive global redundancy. By taking advantage of such redundancy, we design a novel method for encrypting such videos. We first train a background dictionary based on several frame observations. Then every single frame is parsed into the background and foreground components. Separation is the key to improve the efficiency of the proposed technique, since encryption is only carried out in the foreground, while the background is skillfully recorded by corresponding background recovery coefficients. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the state of the art, the proposed method is robust to known cryptanalytic attacks, and enhances the overall security due to the foreground and background separation. Additionally, our encryption method is faster than competing methods, which do not conduct foreground extraction.