Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free advantages.These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage.This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and supercapacitors.One of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure.It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration.Moreover,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated systems.These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field.By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

A novel method for simulating nuclear explosion with chemical explosion to form an approximate plane wave: Field test and numerical simulation

A nuclear explosion in the rock mass medium can produce strong shock waves,seismic shocks,and other destructive effects,which can cause extreme damage to the underground protection infrastructures.With the increase in nuclear explosion power,underground protection engineering enabled by explosion-proof impact theory and technology ushered in a new challenge.This paper proposes to simulate nuclear explosion tests with on-site chemical explosion tests in the form of multi-hole explosions.First,the mechanism of using multi-hole simultaneous blasting to simulate a nuclear explosion to generate approximate plane waves was analyzed.The plane pressure curve at the vault of the underground protective tunnel under the action of the multi-hole simultaneous blasting was then obtained using the impact test in the rock mass at the site.According to the peak pressure at the vault plane,it was divided into three regions:the stress superposition region,the superposition region after surface reflection,and the approximate plane stress wave zone.A numerical simulation approach was developed using PFC and FLAC to study the peak particle velocity in the surrounding rock of the underground protective cave under the action of multi-hole blasting.The time-history curves of pressure and peak pressure partition obtained by the on-site multi-hole simultaneous blasting test and numerical simulation were compared and analyzed,to verify the correctness and rationality of the formation of an approximate plane wave in the simulated nuclear explosion.This comparison and analysis also provided a theoretical foundation and some research ideas for the ensuing study on the impact of a nuclear explosion.

Physical model test study on shear strength characteristics of slope sliding surface in Nanfen open-pit mine

A physical model for the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine, China was established using a selfdeveloped deep geological engineering disaster model test system. A thermosensitive similar material,paraffin, was selected to simulate a weak structural plane in the slope to reproduce the landslide process.From an experimental perspective, the variation trend of shear strength parameters of weak structural plane and the mechanical support characteristics of NPR(negative Poisson’s ratio) anchor cable under the condition of a large landslide deformation and failure were examined. The results of this model test showed that slope failure has four distinct stages:(1) soil compaction stage,(2) crack generation stage,(3) crack propagation stage, and(4) sliding plane transfixion stage. According to the test results, the rock mechanics parameters of weak surface in the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine were calculated.The cohesion is approximately 1.35×10~5 Pa, and the internal friction angle is approximately 6.33°.During slope failure, the NPR anchor cable experiences a large deformation but no damage occurs, indicating that the NPR anchor cable can be continuously monitored and reinforced during the deformation and failure of landslide. The stress characteristics of NPR anchor cables during the test are consistent with the monitoring results of Newtonian force at the landslide site, proving that NPR anchor cables are effective and reasonable in landslide monitoring and early warning.

Effect of Surface Nanocrystallization on Cr-Rare Earth-Boriding for Steel Q235 at Low-Temperature

A nanostructured layer was fabricated on the surface of steel Q235 by using fast multiple rotation rolling( FMRR). The Cr-Rare earth-boriding process was carried out followed at different temperatures.Experimental results showed that the thickness of the boride layer was significantly increased by surface nanocrystallization. The morphology of the boride layer was saw-toothed. An uniform,continuous and dense boride layer was obtained and adhered well to the substrate. The penetrating speed of FMRR specimens was enhanced by 1.9,1.7 and 1.5 times when the Cr-Rare earth-boriding temperature was 843,873 and 923 K.Severe plastic deformation,which grain size was approximately 100 nm,was observed on steel Q235 surface.Mechanism of Cr-Rare earth-boriding was also studied.

Rules of Pesticide Use for Food Crop Diseases and Pests: A Concise Diagram Based on Correspondence Analysis

In order to ensure food security, the selection of pesticide must take into account the controlling effect and economy in the chemical control of food crop diseases and pests. Although China has registered a large number of pesticides and fungicides on food crops, traditional statistical methods cannot treat the complex relationships between crops, pests and diseases, as well as pesticides. To this end, the correspondence analysis was used to mine the data of pesticides being registered after January 1, 2010 for the prevention and control of pests and diseases on wheat, corn, and rice in China, in order to reveal the general rules of pesticide use for the prevention and control of grain crop pests and diseases and to provide scientifically recommended pesticide regimens.(1) Recommended pesticides for wheat diseases and pests: For underground pest control, phoxim, diazinon or clothianidin is recommended;imidacloprid is recommended for aphid control;avermectin is recommended for mite control;chlorpyrifos is recommended for midge control;the pesticides for rust control could be selected according to the order of epoxiconazole>flutriafol>kresoxim-methyl>cyproconazole≈hexaconazole;tebuconazole is recommended for the prevention and control of smut;difenoconazole is recommended for the simultaneous occurrence of take-all, smut and sheath blight;it is recommended to use carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl for the control of scab;and triazolone or pyraclostrobin is recommended for the control of powdery mildew.(2) Recommended pesticides for corn diseases and pests: For the control of underground pests, fipronil, carbosulfan or chlorpyrifos are recommended;thiamethoxam is recommended for control of planthoppers and corn aphids;Bacillus thuringiensis or phoxim is recommended for control of corn borers;pyraclostrobin is recommended for the control of northern leaf blight;tebuconazole is recommended for the control of head smut;and fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M is recommended for the control of corn stalk rot.(3) Recommended pesticides for rice diseases and pests: It is recommended to use triazophos, avermectin analogs or methoxyfenozide for the control of borers;for rice planthoppers, the pesticides could be selected in order of pymetrozine>imidacloprid>thiamethoxam>thiazide>nitenpyram;avermectin analogs are recommended for the control of rice leaf rollers;tebuconazole is recommended for the control of rice false smut;prochloraz and its manganese salts are recommended for the control of bakanae disease;hymexazol is recommended for the control of wilt disease;thifluzamide or hexaconazole is recommended for the control of sheath blight;and the pesticides for the control of rice blast are in order of tricyclazole>kasugamycin>fenoxanil>isoprothiolane>Bacillus subtilis. In addition, potential applications of correspondence analysis in other fields of plant protection are discussed.

Support characteristics of flexible negative Poisson’s ratio anchor cable response to blasting impacts

With the gradual decrease and exhaustion of shallow mineral resources,underground mining has progressed to greater depths.Here,the geological environment is significantly more complex and nonlinear,and large deformations of rock masses have great potential to occur.Many geotechnical engineering disasters have occurred even while using Poisson’s ratio(PR)anchor cable supports.To efficiently deal with these issues,a new support material called negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)anchor cable is proposed;this material can withstand large deformations and provide high constant resistance.In this study,the support characteristics of macro-NPR anchor cable under blasting impact were mainly studied.The support effects of PR anchor cable and macro-NPR anchor cable were compared and analyzed with the help of field experiments and numerical simulations.The results indicate that field experiments and discontinuous deformation analysis accurately reflect the failure state of the selected roadway,as well as the tension and deformation of the anchor cables.The road-way supported by PR anchor cables cannot resist rock bursts under ordinary circumstances.However,the NPR anchor cable-supported roadway resisted a rock burst caused by the impact equivalent to a mine earthquake magnitude above 3;it meets the requirements of roadway stability.

Physical model test on the support characteristic for quasi-NPR bolt under asymmetric stress

With the continuous increase in tunnel construction,the significant deformation of the surrounding tunnel rock is often difficult to predict and control.In addition,the lithology,structure,and various asymmetric large deformation of surrounding rock mass during operation and maintenance severely affect the ultimate bearing and stability of the tunnel.To explore the deformation mechanisms and failure modes of surrounding rock under large asymmetric stress and complex geological conditions,a physical model of a tunnel through granite was constructed based on the similarity theory.The model had 30°dip lithology under asymmetric stress and was emplaced a new quasi-negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)bolt.By analyzing the variation law of displacement and axial force of the bolt under an asymmetric load,the asymmetric deformation and failure mechanism of the granite tunnel and the support effect of the quasi-NPR bolt were determined.The energy absorbed by the surrounding rock was analyzed,and the influence mechanism and control countermeasures of asymmetric stress on the granite tunnel were explored.This work provides a reference for the design of asymmetric support of tunnels with similar engineering backgrounds.

一株耐铅镉真菌的分离鉴定及其吸附特性的研究

【目的】以扎龙湿地污染的土壤为材料,进行耐铅镉菌株的分离鉴定,研究不同条件对菌株吸附铅镉的影响。【方法】采用平板划线法,逐级驯化,筛选出一株耐铅镉菌株,通过生理生化特征及ITS序列分析对菌株进行鉴定,探究该菌吸附的最佳条件,并进行Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型拟合。【结果】本研究分离得到一株菌株JB15,最高耐受浓度为Pb^2+ 1200 mg/L、Cd^2+ 200 mg/L,经鉴定为球孢白僵菌,最佳吸附条件温度为30℃,pH为7.0,接菌量为8.0 g/L,吸附时间为60 min,铅镉吸附率分别为52.27%和62.38%;铅镉吸附量分别为19.60 mg/g和3.98 mg/g,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。【结论】菌株JB15具有较好的吸附效果,可为微生物修复重金属土壤污染提供理论基础。

聚多巴胺辅助微弧氧化后载肝素和万古霉素以提高3D打印多孔钛合金内植物的血液相容性和抗菌成骨功能（英文）

在研发多功能骨科生物材料时,抗菌能力、血液相容性、骨细胞相容性和骨整合性能是最重要的考虑因素.本文中,我们成功研发了具有良好血液相容性的抗菌、促成骨复合功能的3D打印多孔钛合金内植物.简言之,3D打印多孔钛合金支架经表面处理后具有多孔形貌的微弧氧化促成骨涂层,进而联结固定肝素钠和万古霉素.本文采用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱学对其表面微观结构、形态和化学组成进行了表征,并用高效液相色谱法检测了其载药能力和万古霉素释放曲线.通过微生物检测、细菌死活染色和结晶紫染色,确定了其良好的抗金葡菌及菌膜性能.将人骨髓间充质干细胞在支架上培养后,用细胞计数试剂盒和细胞活性检测试剂盒检测了其增殖活性.此外,用碱性磷酸酶成活性作为标记检测了成骨细胞分化能力,通过检测活化部分凝血活酶时间、血浆凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间,确定肝素化的支架血液相容性得到了提高.该研究结果表明,经过表面改性的3D打印多孔钛合金内植物拥有稳定的抗菌和促成骨功能,同时显现出抗凝特性.预示着其在未来能用于复杂骨缺损的定制化功能重建.

Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Auxin and Cytokinin Regulating Somatic Embryogenesis in Different Sister Lines of Cotton Cultivar CCRI24

To get a broader view on the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis （SE） in cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.）, global analysis of cotton transcriptome dynamics during SE in different sister lines was performed using RNA-Seq. A total of 204 349 unigenes were detected by de novo assembly of the 214 977 462 Illumina reads. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） measurements were positively correlated with the RNA-Seq results for almost all the tested genes （R2 -- 0.841, correlation was significant at the 0.01 level）. Different phytohormone （auxin and cytokinin） concentration ratios in medium and the endogenous content changes of these two phytohormones at two stages in different sister lines suggested the roles of auxin and cytokinin during cotton SE. On the basis of global gene regulation of phytohormone-related genes, numerous genes from all the differentially expressed transcripts were involved in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. Analyses of differentially expressed genes that were involved in these pathways revealed the substantial changes in gene type and abundance between two sister lines. Isolation, cloning and silencing/ overexpressing the genes that revealed remarkable up- or down-expression during cotton SE were important. Furthermore, auxin and cytokinin play a primary role in SE, but potential cross-talk with each other or other factors remains unclear.

Recent progress of g-C_(3)N_(4) applied in solar cells

Graphite carbon nitride(gC_(3)N_(4)),a two-dimensional polymer semiconductor material,has good semiconductor properties,suitable electronic energy band structure,excellent physical and chemical stability.It is widely used in the field of energy and materials science such as photoelectric conversion.In this paper,the progress of g-C_(3)N_(4) in dye sensitized solar cells(DSSC)and perovskite solar cells(PSC)was reviewed.As a new semiconductor material,g-C_(3)N_(4) has the advantages of simple preparation,abundant amino and Lewis basic groups.Therefore,on the basis of excellent structure of g-C_(3)N_(4),its electronic and optical properties are utilized to further expand its application in the field of photoelectric conversion.

Generation and Characterization of a Transgenic Zebrafish Expressing the Reverse Tetracycline Transactivator

Conditional expression of a target gene during zebrafish development is a powerful approach to elucidate gene functions. The tetracycline-controlled systems have been successfully used in the modulation of gene expression in mammalian cells, but few lines of zebrafish carrying these systems are currently available. In this study, we had generated a stable transgenic zebrafish line that ubiquitously expressed the second-generation of reverse Tet transactivator （rtTA-M2）. Southern blotting analysis and high-throughput genome sequencing verifed that a single copy of rtTA-M2 gene had stably integrated into the zebrafish genome. After induction with doxycycline （Dox）, a strong green fluorescent protein （GFP） was seen in rtTA-transgenic eggs injected with pTRE--EGFP plasmids. The fluorescent signal gradually decreased after the withdrawal of Dox and disappeared. However, leaky expression of GFP was undetectable before Dox- induction. Additionally, transgenic embryos expressing rtTA-M2 exhibited no obvious defects in morphological phenotypes, hatching behavior and expression patterns of developmental marker genes, suggesting that rtTA-M2 had little effect on the development of transgenic zebrafish. Moreover, expressed Dickkopf-1 （DKK1） in pTRE-DKKl-injected embryos led to alterations in the expression of marker genes associated with Wnt signaling. Thus, this rtTA-transgenic zebrafish can be utilized to dissect functions of genes in a temporal manner.