Heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in era of single-cell genomics

Tumor microenvironment(TME)is highly heterogeneous and composed of complex cellular components,including multiple kinds of immune cells.Among all immune cells in TME,tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells(TIMs)account for a large proportion and play roles as key regulators in a variety of functions,ranging from immune-mediated tumor killing to tumor immune evasion.Understanding the heterogeneity of TIMs will provide valuable insights for new therapeutic targeting of myeloid cells.Single-cell genomic technologies deciphering cell composition and gene expression at single-cell resolution have largely improved our understanding of the cellular heterogeneity of TIMs and highlighted several novel cell subtypes contributing to the variation of patient survival and treatment response.However,these cell subtypes were defined based on limited data without a concordant nomenclature,which makes it difficult to understand whether they exist in different studies.Thus,in this review,we comprehensively summarized the common agreements and current different opinions on the heterogeneity of TIMs gained from single-cell studies;evaluated the feasibility of current myeloid cell targets at single-cell level and proposed a uniform nomenclature for TIM subsets.

A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-Based Collaborative Jamming System: Algorithm Design and Software-Defined Radio Implementation

In multi-agent confrontation scenarios, a jammer is constrained by the single limited performance and inefficiency of practical application. To cope with these issues, this paper aims to investigate the multi-agent jamming problem in a multi-user scenario, where the coordination between the jammers is considered. Firstly, a multi-agent Markov decision process (MDP) framework is used to model and analyze the multi-agent jamming problem. Secondly, a collaborative multi-agent jamming algorithm (CMJA) based on reinforcement learning is proposed. Finally, an actual intelligent jamming system is designed and built based on software-defined radio (SDR) platform for simulation and platform verification. The simulation and platform verification results show that the proposed CMJA algorithm outperforms the independent Q-learning method and provides a better jamming effect.

Structural insights into signal transduction of the purinergic receptors P2Y_(1)R and P2Y_(12)R

Dear Editor,The purinergic receptors(P2YRs)are involved in a variety of physiological processes,including proliferation,chemotaxis,cancer metastasis,cardiovascular events,neurodegenerative diseases and aging(Weisman et al.,2012).Thus far,eight human P2YRs have been characterized and are classified into two subfamilies based on their sequence homology and signal transduction mechanisms,including P2Y1 R-like receptors that signal preferentially through Gq/11 proteins and P2Y12R-like receptors that activate Gi/o proteins(Abbracchio et al.,2006).