Soil carbon sequestration is listed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as one of the key ways to achieve long-term “carbon neutrality” in the context of global warming. Soil carbon sequestr...Soil carbon sequestration is listed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as one of the key ways to achieve long-term “carbon neutrality” in the context of global warming. Soil carbon sequestration is a complex biogeochemical process that involves plants, microbes, and rock minerals at its core. Yet, its regulation mechanisms and promotion pathways remain unclear. This paper reviews recent progress in the related domestic and international research and provides an overview of the key processes and mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration. The main pathways for enhancing soil carbon sequestration(including plant inputs, mineral protection, microbial transformation, and rock weathering) are summarized. The paper also discusses and synthesizes how advanced biogeochemical methods and technologies may be employed to explore soil carbon sequestration mechanisms and potentials. The overall aim of this review is to improve our understanding of soil carbon sequestration as a nature-based solution to combatting climate change from the biogeochemistry perspective, and to highlight the role of fundamental research in Earth Sciences in helping to achieve China's carbon neutrality goals.展开更多
No consistent variation was found in soil respiration Q10 under various O2 conditions.Substrate C quality had a strong effect on Q10 in oxic soils.N limitation had a large impact on Q10 in soils under O2 limitation.Cu...No consistent variation was found in soil respiration Q10 under various O2 conditions.Substrate C quality had a strong effect on Q10 in oxic soils.N limitation had a large impact on Q10 in soils under O2 limitation.Current studies on the temperature sensitivity(Q10)of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition mainly focus on aerobic conditions.However,varia-tions and determinants of Q10 in oxygen(O2)-deprived soils remain unclear.Here we incubated three grassland soils under oxic,suboxic,and anoxic conditions subjected to varying temperatures to compare variations in Q10 in relation to changing substrates.No consistent variation was found in Q10 under various O2 conditions.Further analysis of edaphic properties demon-strated that substrate carbon quality showed a strong influence on Q10 in oxic soils,whereas nitrogen limitation played a more important role in suboxic and anoxic soils.These results suggest that substrate carbon quality and nitrogen limitation may play roles of varying importance in determining the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition under various O2 conditions.展开更多
The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in con...The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments,which contributes to the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere,such as oxygen content,over geological timescales.1 However,how OC escapes mineralization and persists in such sedimentary deposits has long been a puzzle.Mineral protection through physicochemical associations of organic matter with minerals and cations is considered to be one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the environmental persistence of sedimentary OC.展开更多
生物多样性强烈的时空尺度依赖性和多层次性决定了生物多样性现状与变量的分析需要在不同生态系统进行多空间尺度、全面和连续的监测。因此,构建生物多样性研究监测网络是生物多样性保护和研究的基础工作。近年来,对地观测组织-生物多...生物多样性强烈的时空尺度依赖性和多层次性决定了生物多样性现状与变量的分析需要在不同生态系统进行多空间尺度、全面和连续的监测。因此,构建生物多样性研究监测网络是生物多样性保护和研究的基础工作。近年来,对地观测组织-生物多样性观测网络(GEO BON)、亚太生物多样性监测网络(APBON)等全球、区域以及国家尺度的生物多样性监测网络蓬勃发展。中国陆续在国家尺度上建立了针对生态系统和物种的长期监测网络,其中,中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network,Sino BON)于2013年启动建设,在我国主要生态系统和环境梯度设置30个监测主点和60个监测辅点,目前已建成10个专项网对动物、植物和微生物进行监测,并建立了以数据标准与汇交、近地面遥感为核心的综合监测中心。Sino BON打造了从地下、地面到森林林冠的多尺度、多类群(功能群)以及多营养级交互为重点的监测与研究平台,为理解生物多样性变化趋势及其驱动因素、研究生物多样性维持机制,以及国家履行《生物多样性公约》、保护生物多样性和生物资源提供详实可靠的生物多样性变化数据。为进一步支撑国家生物多样性治理能力、深化全球多样性保护合作,我国生物多样性监测亟需在监测技术、监测区域、数据标准、综合信息平台等方向谋求更大的发展。展开更多
Leveraging advances in shape memory alloys(SMAs)and flexible thermoelectric devices(f-TEDs),this paper presents a structural and functional integrity composite sheet to address the inefficient and bulky activation of ...Leveraging advances in shape memory alloys(SMAs)and flexible thermoelectric devices(f-TEDs),this paper presents a structural and functional integrity composite sheet to address the inefficient and bulky activation of 2-D SMAs.A series of experimental tests were performed to reveal the generation,change,and transfer mechan-isms of different types of electrically-induced heat in the f-TED,as well as the temperature-induced SMA phase transformation beha-viors.The results show that the composite sheet exhibited good bidirectional thermal management capacity.The austenite defor-mation can be completed within 10s at an operating current of 2 A.The cooling recovery,in particular,performs much better than in conventional modes(the temperature declines exponentially with time).Finally,through two functional prototypes,a light switch and a flexible gripper,the application potential of the proposed com-posite was further experimentally demonstrated.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42025303 & 42242014)。
文摘Soil carbon sequestration is listed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as one of the key ways to achieve long-term “carbon neutrality” in the context of global warming. Soil carbon sequestration is a complex biogeochemical process that involves plants, microbes, and rock minerals at its core. Yet, its regulation mechanisms and promotion pathways remain unclear. This paper reviews recent progress in the related domestic and international research and provides an overview of the key processes and mechanisms of soil carbon sequestration. The main pathways for enhancing soil carbon sequestration(including plant inputs, mineral protection, microbial transformation, and rock weathering) are summarized. The paper also discusses and synthesizes how advanced biogeochemical methods and technologies may be employed to explore soil carbon sequestration mechanisms and potentials. The overall aim of this review is to improve our understanding of soil carbon sequestration as a nature-based solution to combatting climate change from the biogeochemistry perspective, and to highlight the role of fundamental research in Earth Sciences in helping to achieve China's carbon neutrality goals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0607303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107315).
文摘No consistent variation was found in soil respiration Q10 under various O2 conditions.Substrate C quality had a strong effect on Q10 in oxic soils.N limitation had a large impact on Q10 in soils under O2 limitation.Current studies on the temperature sensitivity(Q10)of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition mainly focus on aerobic conditions.However,varia-tions and determinants of Q10 in oxygen(O2)-deprived soils remain unclear.Here we incubated three grassland soils under oxic,suboxic,and anoxic conditions subjected to varying temperatures to compare variations in Q10 in relation to changing substrates.No consistent variation was found in Q10 under various O2 conditions.Further analysis of edaphic properties demon-strated that substrate carbon quality showed a strong influence on Q10 in oxic soils,whereas nitrogen limitation played a more important role in suboxic and anoxic soils.These results suggest that substrate carbon quality and nitrogen limitation may play roles of varying importance in determining the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition under various O2 conditions.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant nos.42025303 and 42242014We acknowledge support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2022077).
文摘The deposition and preservation of organic carbon(OC)in sedimentary environments(including soils and sediments)play major roles in mediating the global carbon cycle.More than 90%of OC burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments,which contributes to the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere,such as oxygen content,over geological timescales.1 However,how OC escapes mineralization and persists in such sedimentary deposits has long been a puzzle.Mineral protection through physicochemical associations of organic matter with minerals and cations is considered to be one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the environmental persistence of sedimentary OC.
文摘生物多样性强烈的时空尺度依赖性和多层次性决定了生物多样性现状与变量的分析需要在不同生态系统进行多空间尺度、全面和连续的监测。因此,构建生物多样性研究监测网络是生物多样性保护和研究的基础工作。近年来,对地观测组织-生物多样性观测网络(GEO BON)、亚太生物多样性监测网络(APBON)等全球、区域以及国家尺度的生物多样性监测网络蓬勃发展。中国陆续在国家尺度上建立了针对生态系统和物种的长期监测网络,其中,中国生物多样性监测与研究网络(China Biodiversity Observation and Research Network,Sino BON)于2013年启动建设,在我国主要生态系统和环境梯度设置30个监测主点和60个监测辅点,目前已建成10个专项网对动物、植物和微生物进行监测,并建立了以数据标准与汇交、近地面遥感为核心的综合监测中心。Sino BON打造了从地下、地面到森林林冠的多尺度、多类群(功能群)以及多营养级交互为重点的监测与研究平台,为理解生物多样性变化趋势及其驱动因素、研究生物多样性维持机制,以及国家履行《生物多样性公约》、保护生物多样性和生物资源提供详实可靠的生物多样性变化数据。为进一步支撑国家生物多样性治理能力、深化全球多样性保护合作,我国生物多样性监测亟需在监测技术、监测区域、数据标准、综合信息平台等方向谋求更大的发展。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52075419.
文摘Leveraging advances in shape memory alloys(SMAs)and flexible thermoelectric devices(f-TEDs),this paper presents a structural and functional integrity composite sheet to address the inefficient and bulky activation of 2-D SMAs.A series of experimental tests were performed to reveal the generation,change,and transfer mechan-isms of different types of electrically-induced heat in the f-TED,as well as the temperature-induced SMA phase transformation beha-viors.The results show that the composite sheet exhibited good bidirectional thermal management capacity.The austenite defor-mation can be completed within 10s at an operating current of 2 A.The cooling recovery,in particular,performs much better than in conventional modes(the temperature declines exponentially with time).Finally,through two functional prototypes,a light switch and a flexible gripper,the application potential of the proposed com-posite was further experimentally demonstrated.
