Corrosion Inhibition Studies of Benzoxazole Derivates for N80 Steel in 1 M HCl Solution: Synthesis, Experimental, and DTF Studies

Three benzoxazole corrosion inhibitors, namely 2-(benzo [d]oxazol-2-yl)phenol (BOP), 6-(benzo [d]oxazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-ol (BOPO), and 2-(quinolin-2-yl) benzo [d]oxazole (QBO), were synthesized. Moreover, their corrosion inhibition performance for N80 steel in 1 M HCl solution at 303 K was measured by the electrochemical measurements and surface analysis studies. The results show that the inhibition efficiency of all corrosion inhibitors increases with the increase of concentration. At the same concentration, the order of inhibition efficiency is BOP < BOPO < QBO. Moreover, the studied inhibitors act as mixed-type inhibitors, and the adsorption of all inhibitors on N80 steel followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Further, we have examined the effect of iodide ions on inhibition efficiency. The results show that BOP and KI are synergistic, BOPO and QBO are competitive adsorptions with KI. The quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, and energy gap were calculated by the density functional theory (DTF). The relations between the inhibition efficiency and some quantum parameters have been discussed. The protective effect of the three inhibitors followed the sequence of BOP < BOPO < QBO. The results obtained from quantum chemicals and electrochemical were in reasonable agreement.

Free fatty acid receptor 2 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating STAT3 and GATA4

Free fatty acids(FFAs)play important roles in cardiovascular disease.Studies have shown that it is an important way for FAs to exert biological effects through their own receptors besides directly participating biochemical reaction in body.Free fatty acid receptor 2(FFA2)can be activated by short-chain FAs and is involved in inflammatory reactions and lipid accumulation.Since the known pathological changes caused by FFA2 are also implicated in cardiac hypertrophy,we hypothesized that FFA2 might be pathogenic in cardiac hypertrophy.This paper showed that FFA2 expression significantly increased in cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro.FFA2 agonist 4-CMTB or TUG-1375 promoted the expression of the hypertrophy markers ANF and BNP and increased cell surface area in vitro,which was further strengthened by FFA2 overexpression,suggesting that FFA2 might contribute to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Furthermore,4-CMTB treatment or FFA2 overexpression combined with 4-CMTB treatment elevated the phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of GATA4 and STAT3,which were inhibited by an ERK1/2 inhibitor,and GATA4 and STAT3 knockdown inhibited the elevation of hypertrophy biomarkers in cardiomyocytes treated with 4-CMTB.Taken together,these data indicate that FFA2 can enhance cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating STAT3 and GATA4 via ERK1/2,providing a potential new target for therapy.

“讨薪秀”:正当权利非正式维护的实践逻辑

农民工,尤其是建筑业农民工的'讨薪秀'行为得到广泛关注。本文尝试揭示该行为背后的机理。分析发现:在转型社会这个场域中,国家和资本在'发展'的大背景下达成一种'合意',即非正规化的经济实践;在资本和农民工的博弈中,农民工尚未联合起来形成一股足以与资本议价的力量,从而处于下风。非正规经济实践放任了资本的欠薪行为,并从根本上导致了国家劳工保护性立法对于农民工的无效性,使得农民工几乎只能进行法外维权。建筑行业的劳动分包体制加剧了其欠薪的严重性和讨薪的艰难性。农民工生存权利在日益深入的无产阶级化中受到的威胁要求他们尽可能讨回薪水。处于法律之外的讨薪方式,在国家的稳定逻辑、资本的现实理性和精英主义的大众文化的共同运作下,最终聚焦于'讨薪秀'这种方式。要从根本上改变这种境况,农民工自我组织化以改变其弱势地位可作为未来的出路;基于维持社会稳定的需要,政府应考虑对此提供扶持。

Genomic analysis,trajectory tracking,and field surveys reveal sources and long-distance dispersal routes of wheat stripe rust pathogen in China

Identifying sources of phytopathogen inoculum and determining their contributions to disease outbreaks are essential for predicting disease development and establishing control strategies.Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),the causal agent of wheat stripe rust,is an airborne fungal pathogen with rapid virulence variation that threatens wheat production through its long-distance migration.Because of wide variation in geographic features,climatic conditions,and wheat production systems,Pst sources and related dispersal routes in China are largely unclear.In the present study,we performed genomic analyses of 154 Pst isolates from all major wheat-growing regions in China to determine Pst population structure and diversity.Through trajectory tracking,historical migration studies,genetic introgression analyses,and field surveys,we investigated Pst sources and their contributions to wheat stripe rust epidemics.We identified Longnan,the Himalayan region,and the Guizhou Plateau,which contain the highest population genetic diversities,as the Pst sources in China.Pst from Longnan disseminates mainly to eastern Liupan Mountain,the Sichuan Basin,and eastern Qinghai;that from the Himalayan region spreads mainly to the Sichuan Basin and eastern Qinghai;and that from the Guizhou Plateau migrates mainly to the Sichuan Basin and the Central Plain.These findings improve our current understanding of wheat stripe rust epidemics in China and emphasize the need for managing stripe rust on a national scale.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide chemically modified cotton with desirable hemostatic,inflammation-reducing,intrinsic antibacterial property for infected wound healing

Medical cotton dressing is cheap and widely used in diversified fields,but in the application of promoting wound healing,the continuous research of multifunctional medical cotton dressing is still of great significance.Here,we developed a fresh type of antibacterial cotton dressing through a succinct strategy based on chemically anchoring polyhexamethylene biguanide(PHMB).Intriguingly,after PHMB modification,the cotton dressing exhibited outstanding antibacterial performance which could maintain>99.99%antibacterial rate after several treatments,including washing 50 times,repeated use 10 times,UV irradiation for 7 days,cationic dyes dying,and conditioned under 90℃water bath for 2 h.In addition,the water contact angle of cotton dressing increased dramatically from 0°to 111°,which could facilitate bacterial adhesion,thus further enhance the antibacterial efficiency,and easily remove the bacterial debris.Apart from that,the developed cotton dressing showed good cytocompatibility,promoted blood clotting and expression of platelets,and promoted the wound healing process in the infection intervened skin wound model.Taken together,this antibacterial cotton dressing with desirable blood clotting,sustained protection against bacterial infection and bacterial removal features shows the potential to be a candidate for infected skin wound healing.

A time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator for high-throughput probing suspension single-cell signaling

The cellular response to the complex extracellular microenvironment is highly dynamic in time and type of extracellular matrix.Accurately reconstructing this process and analyzing the changes in receptor conformation on the cell membrane surface and intracellular or intercellular signaling has been a major challenge in analytical chemistry and biophysical methodology.In this paper,a time-coded multiconcentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator was developed for the dynamic signaling probing with single-cell array of high temporal resolution,high throughput,and multi-concentration combination stimulation.Based on innovative microchannel structure,sophisticated external control methods and multiplexing technology,the system not only allowed for temporally sequential permutations of the four concentrations of stimuli(time code),but also generated pulsed and continuous waveforms at different frequencies in a highly controllable manner.Furthermore,the single-cell trap array was set up to efficiently capture cells in suspension,dramatically increasing throughput and reducing experiment preparation time.The maximum frequency of the platform was 1 Hz,and one cell could be stimulated at multiple frequencies.To show the ability of the system to investigate rapid biochemical events in high throughput,pulse stimulation and continuous stimulation of different frequencies and different time codes,combined with four concentrations of histamine(HA),were generated for probing G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)signaling in He La cells.Then,statistical analysis was performed for the mean peak height and mean peak area of the cellular response.We believe that the time-coded multi-concentration microfluidic chemical waveform generator will provide a novel strategy for analytical chemistry,biophysics,cell signaling,and individualized medicine applications.