Advances in All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Commercialization

Solid-state batteries are commonly acknowledged as the forthcoming evolution in energy storage technologies.Recent development progress for these rechargeable batteries has notably accelerated their trajectory toward achieving commercial feasibility.In particular,all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)that rely on lithium-sulfur reversible redox processes exhibit immense potential as an energy storage system,surpassing conventional lithium-ion batteries.This can be attributed predominantly to their exceptional energy density,extended operational lifespan,and heightened safety attributes.Despite these advantages,the adoption of ASSLSBs in the commercial sector has been sluggish.To expedite research and development in this particular area,this article provides a thorough review of the current state of ASSLSBs.We delve into an in-depth analysis of the rationale behind transitioning to ASSLSBs,explore the fundamental scientific principles involved,and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the main challenges faced by ASSLSBs.We suggest that future research in this field should prioritize plummeting the presence of inactive substances,adopting electrodes with optimum performance,minimizing interfacial resistance,and designing a scalable fabrication approach to facilitate the commercialization of ASSLSBs.

Tracking direct and indirect impact on technology and policy of transformative research via ego citation network

Purpose:The disseminating of academic knowledge to nonacademic audiences partly relies on the transition of subsequent citing papers.This study aims to investigate direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research based on ego citation network.Design/methodology/approach:Key Nobel Prize-winning publications(NPs)in fields of gene engineering and astrophysics are regarded as a proxy for transformative research.In this contribution,we introduce a network-structural indicator of citing patents to measure technological impact of a target article and use policy citations as a preliminary tool for policy impact.Findings:The results show that the impact on technology and policy of NPs are higher than that of their subsequent citation generations in gene engineering but not in astrophysics.Research limitations:The selection of Nobel Prizes is not balanced and the database used in this study,Dimensions,suffers from incompleteness and inaccuracy of citation links.Practical implications:Our findings provide useful clues to better understand the characteristics of transformative research in technological and policy impact.Originality/value:This study proposes a new framework to explore the direct and indirect impact on technology and policy originating from transformative research.

Kinetic analysis of iron ore powder reaction with hydrogen-carbon monoxide

Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided into two parts that proceed in series.The first part represents a double-step reduction(Fe_(2)O_(3)→Fe_(3)O_(4)→FeO),in which the kinetic condition is more feasible compared with that in the second part representing a single-step reduction(FeO→Fe).The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the reduction rate gradually increases as the reaction proceeds.The average reduction rate of hematite ore with pure hydrogen is about three and four times higher than that with pure carbon monoxide at 1173 and 1373 K,respectively.In addition,the logarithm of the average rate is linear to the composition of the gas mixture.Hydrogen can prominently promote carbon deposition to about 30%at 1023 K.The apparent activation energy of the reduction stage increases from about 35.0 to 45.4 kJ/mol with the increase in hydrogen content from 20vol%to 100vol%.This finding reveals that the possible rate-controlling step at this stage is the combined gas diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction.

Progress and Knowledge Transfer from Science to Technology in the Research Frontier of CRISPR Based on the LDA Model

Purpose:This study explores the underlying research topics regarding CRISPR based on the LDA model and figures out trends in knowledge transfer from science to technology in this area over the latest 10 years.Design/methodology/approach:We collected publications on CRISPR between 2011 and2020 from the Web of Science,and traced all the patents citing them from lens.org.15,904 articles and 18,985 patents in total are downloaded and analyzed.The LDA model was applied to identify underlying research topics in related research.In addition,some indicators were introduced to measure the knowledge transfer from research topics of scientific publications to IPC-4 classes of patents.Findings:The emerging research topics on CRISPR were identified and their evolution over time displayed.Furthermore,a big picture of knowledge transition from research topics to technological classes of patents was presented.We found that for all topics on CRISPR,the average first transition year,the ratio of articles cited by patents,the NPR transition rate are respectively 1.08,15.57%,and 1.19,extremely shorter and more intensive than those of general fields.Moreover,the transition patterns are different among research topics.Research limitations:Our research is limited to publications retrieved from the Web of Science and their citing patents indexed in lens.org.A limitation inherent with LDA analysis is in the manual interpretation and labeling of"topics".Practical implications:Our study provides good references for policy-makers on allocating scientific resources and regulating financial budgets to face challenges related to the transformative technology of CRISPR.Originality/value:The LDA model here is applied to topic identification in the area of transformative researches for the first time,as exemplified on CRISPR.Additionally,the dataset of all citing patents in this area helps to provide a full picture to detect the knowledge transition between S&T.

“Sparking”and“Igniting”Key Publications of 2020 Nobel Prize Laureates

Purpose:This article aims to determine the percentage of"Sparking"articles among the work of this year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine,physics,and chemistry.Design/methodology/approach:We focus on under-cited influential research among the key publications as mentioned by the Nobel Prize Committee for the 2020 Noble Prize laureates.Specifically,we extracted data from the Web of Science,and calculated the Sparking Indices using the formulas as proposed by Hu and Rousseau in 2016 and 2017.In addition,we identified another type of igniting articles based on the notion in 2017.Findings:In the fields of medicine and physics,the proportions of articles with sparking characteristics share 78.571%and 68.75%respectively,yet,in chemistry 90%articles characterized by"igniting".Moreover,the two types of articles share more than 93%in the work of the Nobel Prize included in this study.Research limitations:Our research did not cover the impact of topic,socio-political,and author’s reputation on the Sparking Indices.Practical implications:Our study shows that the Sparking Indices truly reflect influence of the best research work,so it can be used to detect under-cited influential articles,as well as identifying fundamental work.Originality/value:Our findings suggest that the Sparking Indices have good applicability for research evaluation.

Effect of organic fertilizers used in sandy soil on the growth of tomatoes

In order to reveal the regulating capacity of organic fertilizers on sandy soil, pots experiments were carried out. The growth of tomatoes planted on sandy soil amended by organic fertilizers was measured. Organic fertilizers can be helpful to improve the plant height, stem diameter, the aerial parts fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf photosynthetic rates and photosynthesis, and lay a good foundation for the growth of ??tomatoes. The effect of organic fertilizer is the most significant. Among all the treatments of adding 2.5%, 5%, 10% organic fertilizers, adding 10% organic fertilizers are the best. It can significantly enhance the growth and photosynthesis of tomatoes, and it is among the best of these three soil treatments for sandy soil.

Describing Citations as a Function of Time

Purpose:Providing an overview of types of citation curves.Design/methodology/approach:The terms citation curves or citation graphs are made explicit.Findings:A framework for the study of diachronous(and synchronous)citation curves is proposed.Research limitations:No new practical applications are given.Practical implications:This short note about citation curves will help readers to make the optimal choice for their applications.Originality/value:A new scheme for the meaning of the term"citation curve"is designed.

Synthesis of strong SiV photoluminescent diamond particles on silica optical fiber by chemical vapor deposition

The separated silicon-vacancy(SiV)photoluminescent diamond particles were synthesized on a silica optical fiber by hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD).The effects of the pre-treated method and chamber pressure on the microstructure and photoluminescence of the diamond particles were investigated.The results show that the diamond particles are homogeneously distributed on the surface of the optical fiber.With the chamber pressure increasing from 1.6 kPa to 3.5 kPa,the shape of the particles transforms from flake to circle,while the diamond particles cannot be deposited on the fiber with the pressure further increased to 4.5 kPa.The samples synthesized under 2.5 kPa chamber pressure are composed of diamond particles with size around 200-400 nm,exhibiting stronger SiV photoluminescence with the width of around 6 nm.

Gauging a Firm's Innovative Performance Using an Integrated Structural Index for Patents

Purpose： In this contribution we try to find new indicators to measure characteristics of a finn＇s patents and their influence on a company＇s profits. Design/methodology/approach： We realize that patentevaluation and influence on a company＇s profits is a complicated issue requiring different perspectives. For this reason we design two types of structural h-indices, derived from the International Patent Classification （IPC）. In a case study we apply not only basic statistics but also a nested case-control methodology. Findings： The resulting indicator values based on a large dataset （19,080 patents in total） from the pharmaceutical industry show that the new structural indices are significantly correlated with a firm＇s profits. Research limitations： The new structural index and the synthetic structural index have just been applied in one case study in the pharmaceutical industry. Practical implications： Our study suggests useful implications for patentometric studies and leads to suggestions for different sized firms to include a healthy research and development （R＆D） policy management. The structural h-index can be used to gauge the profits resulting from the innovative performance of a firm＇s patent portfolio. Originality/value： Traditionally, the breadth and depth of patents of a firm and their citations are considered separately. This approach, however, does not provide an integrated insight in the major characteristics of a firm＇s patents. The Sh（Y） index, proposed in our investigation, can reflect a firm＇s innovation activities, its technological breadth, and its influence in an integrated way.

Selective electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia via NbWO_(6)perovskite nanosheets with oxygen vacancy

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia(NRA)under ambient conditions is significant for carbonneutral synthetic fuels.Nevertheless,the lack of efficient electrocatalysts with tunable nanostructure for NRA remains a grand challenge.Herein,Nb WO_(6)nanosheets with oxygen vacancy(NbWO_(6-x))was demonstrated via thermal treatment and exfoliation with NH_(3)selectivity of 86.8%and Faradaic efficiency of85.7%toward NRA.^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra coupled with^(15)N isotope labeling experiments proved that NH_(3)originated from NO_(3)^-.The function of oxygen vacancy was revealed by computational studies in NRA.Moreover,the reaction mechanism and pathway of NRA could be deduced based on the results of online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS).This work provides a selective NH_(3)generation strategy to decarbonize the energy-chemical sector,bridging the gap between batteries and biofuels.

Recent advances in small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)-derived refractive lenticule preservation and clinical reuse

Small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)has become one of the mainstream refractive surgeries in recent years,with satisfactory efficacy,safety,and predictability.SMILE-derived refractive lenticule,the byproduct of the surgery,holds great potential in clinical practice given its easy access and good biocompatibility.Numerous studies have been published to describe its applications in refractive correction,corneal ectasia diseases,and corneal defects.The feasibility and safety were validated in both animal models and clinical studies.Moreover,the preservation method is also crucial for its further promotion and application.Novel techniques are also evaluated and applied in lenticule preservation.We covered the recent advances in the preservation of corneal stromal lenticules and their clinical reuse in this review.

Perclose ProGlide血管缝合器修复中心静脉导管误入锁骨下动脉1例

患者女,53岁,因"头晕3 d"于2022年2月19日至我院急诊就诊,初步诊断为:(1)糖尿病酮症酸中毒;(2)电解质紊乱高钠血症;(3)宫颈癌规律化疗后。入院后予告病重,心电血压、血氧监测,予以小剂量胰岛素降糖、补液扩容等对症支持治疗。入院7 h后出现血压下降、心率增快,予以建立右侧锁骨下中心静脉导管,并予以升压、补液扩容、抗感染等治疗;心电监护示:心率87次/min,血压78/56 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),呼吸17次/min,血氧饱和度100%。考虑合并脓毒性休克转入重症医学科,转入后予以生命支持治疗,生命体征稍稳定后发现右侧锁骨下CVC内液面波动,床旁超声提示导管进入动脉可能,后行CTA提示导管进入头臂干动脉。

Pressure induced convergence of conduction bands in Al doped Mg_(2)Si: Experiment and theory

High-pressure and high-temperature(HPHT)synthesis provides an effective way to tune the band structure of materials and improve their electronic properties.To investigate the influence of synthesis pressure on electronic properties,Mg_(1.97)Al_(0.03)Si samples were synthesized using the HPHT method.The maximum effective mass 0.92me is obtained for the sample prepared with the synthesis pressure of 3 GPa,leading to the biggest Seebeck coefficient
201.3 mV/K at room temperature.Meanwhile,the 3 GPa sample obtains the higher electron carrier concentration and electrical conductivity,resulting in nearly overall enhancement of power factor.The Density Functional Theory(DFT)calculations evidences that the Conduction Bands Minimum(CBM)can be tuned effectively by applied pressure and the convergence of the CBM leads to a larger effective mass of DOS,which are beneficial to the enhancement of power factors.These results indicate that high-pressure is a powerful tool to tune Mg_(1.97)Al_(0.03)Si band structures.

Prediction of effective percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multi-central retrospective study

Background and aim:Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)does not always lead to a reduction in serum total bilirubin(TBil)level in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and obstructive jaundice.We aimed to develop a model for pre-PTBD prediction of post-procedural TBil decrease in these patients.Materials and methods:Retrospective database searches were conducted at four teaching hospitals(reference period:January 2010 to December 2018),and baseline characteristics of eligible patients were extracted.Any decrease in TBil after PTBD and the lowest level of TBil post-PTBD<5 mg/dL,3 mg/dL,and 2 mg/dL were each taken as the standard of effectiveness for computation of its own predictive nomogram.For data dimension decrease and feature selection,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression model was used.A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop nomograms.Each nomogram's performance was internally evaluated for its calibration,discriminative ability,and clinical usefulness.Results:Included in the study were 138 patients.The model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,platelet count,and portal vein thrombosis(PVT)were predictors in the nomogram for any decrease in TBil;international normalized ratio(INR),MELD score,platelet count,and PVT were predictors for a decrease to<5 mg/dL;MELD score,cholinesterase level(CHE),platelet count,and PVT were predictors for a decrease to<3 mg/dL;and MELD score,CHE,platelet count,and pre-albumin level were predictors for a decrease to<2 mg/dL.The clinical value of the nomograms was proven by decision curve analysis.Conclusions:These models may help inform clinical decision making for performing PTBD procedures.

cFos-ANAB:A cFos-based Web Tool for Exploring Activated Neurons and Associated Behaviors

cFos is one of the most widely-studied genes in the field of neuroscience.Currently,there is no systematic database focusing on cFos in neuroscience.We developed a curated database-cFos-ANAB-a cFos-based web tool for exploring activated neurons and associated behaviors in rats and mice,comprising 398 brain nuclei and sub-nuclei,and five associated behaviors:pain,fear,feeding,aggression,and sexual behavior.Direct relationships among behaviors and nuclei(even cell types)under specific stimulating conditions were constructed based on cFos expression profiles extracted from original publications.Moreover,overlapping nuclei and sub-nuclei with potentially complex functions among different associated behaviors were emphasized,leading to results serving as important clues to the development of valid hypotheses for exploring as yet unknown circuits.Using the analysis function of cFos-ANAB,multi-layered pictures of networks and their relationships can quickly be explored depending on users’purposes.These features provide a useful tool and good reference for early exploration in neuroscience.The cFos-ANAB database is available at www.cfos-db.net.

Aliphatic sulfonyl fluoride synthesis via reductive decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid NHPI esters

Based on a radical sulfur dioxide insertion and fluorination strategy,we have developed an efficient method for aliphatic sulfonyl fluoride synthesis using abundant carboxylic acids,a reductant,a sulfur dioxide surrogate and the electrophilic fluorination reagent N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI)under reduction conditions.This protocol provides a convenient synthetic pathway for various aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.

Understanding more about non-patent references

Non-patent references(NPRs)play an important role in the interaction between science and technology.In this contribution,we compare the characteristics of NPRs traced from patents on"metabolic engineering"to those received by the 10%most-cited articles(cited in scientific publications and excluding NPRs)in the same field.We observe that there is a low rate of co-citing articles between the two groups,and many NPRs have a better citation performance than TOP 10%articles.Our results provide preliminary clues to discover new characteristics of NPRs and to better understand the interface between science and technology.