Association of plasma vitamin A level with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a community aging population-based cross-sectional study

Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.

Pressure Gradient Control Strategies Based on Disturbance Rejection for Typical Pharmaceutical Cleanrooms

Keeping pressure gradient is an excellent approach to prevent the reveal of airflow direction and cross infection in manufacturing circumstances of pharmaceutical cleanrooms, thus how to keep cleanroom’s pressure is critical. In the paper, we study a positive pressure pharmaceutical cleanroom system which is composed by a cleanroom and an airlock. We divide the system’s disturbances into step disturbance, ramp disturbance and sine wave disturbance. We design its pressure gradient control strategies, including CAV control, PID control and active-disturbance-rejection-control. We build the system’s model and make simulations based on Matlab/Simulink software platform. Results show that active-disturbance-rejection-control algorithm has good capabilities for shorter responding time and lower overshot of the pressure gradient. The results reveal that active-disturbance-rejection-control method has good control performances in responding time, accuracy and disturbance rejection.

A Technology for Online Parameter Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Accuracy of the motor parameters is important in realizing high performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM).However,the inductance and resistance of motor winding vary with the change of temperature,rotor position and current frequency.In this paper,a technology based on circuit model is introduced for realizing online identification of the parameter of PMSM.In the proposed method,a set of nonlinear equations containing the parameters to be identified is established.Considering that it is very difficult to obtain the analytical solution of a nonlinear system of equations,Newton iterative method is used for solving the equations.Both the simulation and testing results confirm the effectiveness of the method presented.

Inertial Subgradient Extragradient Algorithm for Solving Variational Inequality Problems with Pseudomonotonicity

In order to solve variational inequality problems of pseudomonotonicity and Lipschitz continuity in Hilbert spaces, an inertial subgradient extragradient algorithm is proposed by virtue of non-monotone stepsizes. Moreover, weak convergence and R-linear convergence analyses of the algorithm are constructed under appropriate assumptions. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through numerical implementations.

干燥温度对生物塑料聚羟基丁酸-羟基己酸酯薄膜结构及性能的影响

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用溶液浇铸法制备聚羟基丁酸-羟基己酸酯(PHBH)生物降解薄膜,并利用相应的测试方法,探究了不同干燥温度对PHBH薄膜的形貌结构、结晶、热稳定性、透明度、力学和阻隔性能的影响。结果表明,随着干燥温度的升高,PHBH薄膜的断面致密性、结晶度、热稳定性、断裂伸长率及阻隔性能先增大后减小,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,而透明度及拉伸强度逐渐增加;当干燥温度为55℃时,PHBH薄膜断面光滑、结晶度大,具有良好的热稳定性、力学强度及阻隔性,其拉伸强度为20.26MPa,断裂伸长率为25%,氧气及水蒸气透过率分别为5.7×10^-15cm^3·cm/(cm^2·s·Pa)、2.21×10^-14g·cm/(cm^2·s·Pa)。

Composition and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins isolated from Yunnan edible rose(An ning)

Edible roses(An ning)are a good source of anthocyanins and grown widely in Yunnan Province of China.In this study,the contents of anthocyanins and total phenol as well as the antioxidant activity of methanol extract from specific variety of rose were systematically investigated.The results showed that anthocyanins and total phenolic content of the petals were(353.56±2.50)mg cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside(Cy-3,5-diglu)equivalents and(2087.43±17.37)mg gallic acid equivalents(GAE)per 100 g fresh weight(FW),respectively.Totally,3 kinds of anthocyanins were detected and Cy-3,5-diglu was the predominant constituent which accounted for approximately 94.9%of total anthocyanins according to the analysis results of high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection(HPLC-PAD).Data demonstrated that the extract from edible rose exhibited excellent ferric reducing capacity and free radical scavenging activity against both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS).The equivalents of anthocyanins from roses on DPPH,ABTS and ferric reducing ability were 2089,639 mg and 1400 mg GAE per 100 g FW,respectively.The high anthocyanins content and excellent antioxidant activity suggested that Yunnan edible roses could be applied in food industry as a good source of natural pigments.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Active-Disturbance-Rejection-Control for Temperature Control of the HVAC System

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is significant to the energy efficiency in buildings. In this paper, temperature control of HVAC system is studied in winter operation season. The physical model of the zone, the fan, the heating coil and sensor are built. HVAC is a non-linear, strong disturbance and coupling system. Linear active-rejection-disturbance-control is an appreciate control algorithm which can adapt to less information, strong-disturbance influence, and has relative-fixed structure and simple tuning process of the controller parameters. Active-rejection-disturbance-control of the HVAC system is proposed. Simulation in Matlab/Simulink was done. Simulation results show that linear active-rejection-disturbance-control was prior to PID and integral-fuzzy controllers in rising time, overshoot and response time of step disturbance. The study can provide fundamental basis for the control of the air-condition system with strong-disturbance and high-precision needed.

Population differentiation in the dominant species(Ulva prolifera)of green tide in coastal waters of China

Since 2015,green tides with Ulva prolifera as the dominant species in the Qinhuangdao coastal waters have continued to occur.In this study,the relationship between green tides in Qinhuangdao and the Yellow Sea(setting sites in Rudong and Qingdao)was evaluated by genetic analyses of U.prolifera.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers were used to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationships among groups.Genetic differentiation was lower among floating U.prolifera populations in Rudong and Qingdao than in Qinhuangdao.The floating U.prolifera population had higher genetic diversity and polymorphism levels in Qingdao and Rudong than in Qinhuangdao.Physiological experiments showed that the growth rate and net buoyancy of floating U.prolifera were highest in Qinhuangdao and Qingdao,respectively,under the same environmental conditions(temperature and light).Overall,these findings showed that U.prolifera populations in the Qinhuangdao and Yellow Sea green tides(Rudong and Qingdao)differ significantly at the molecular and physiological levels.Therefore,the Qinhuangdao green tide is not correlated with the Yellow Sea green tide and has a different origin and development mode.This study provides insight into the mechanism underlying green tide blooms in coastal waters of China.

P-wave tomography and relation between shallow and deep structures beneath the Songliao basin

We selected relative travel-time residuals from teleseismic waveform data using the waveform correction method and imaged the P wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China. In combination with other geophysical data, we discussed the relation between the shallow and deep structures of the area. The results show that there is a primary high-velocity zone with some high- and low-ve- locity distribution characters beneath the Songliao basin. The low-velocity anomalies may extend down to the upper mantle, and may be the result of material upwelling. The low-velocity anomaly beneath the southern part of the Songliao basin is connected to those beneath the Chang- baishan and A＇ershan volcanic areas. It may be an upwelling channel from the mantle beneath the Songliao basin and adjacent area. This finding indicates the Songliao basin was a result of asthenospheric upwelling caused by subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate.

Self-assembled dandelion-like NiS nanowires on biomass-based carbon aerogels as electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors

Carbon aerogels derived from biomass have low specific capacity due to the underutilized structure,limiting their application in high-performance supercapacitors.In this work,the hierarchical nickel sulfide/carbon aerogels from liquefied wood(LWCA-NiS)were synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal method.Benefitting from the unique 3D coral-like network structure of LWCA,selfassembled NiS nanowires with the dandelion-like structure showed high specific surface(389.1 m^(2)·g^(−1))and hierarchical pore structure,which increased affluent exposure of numerous active sites and structural stability,causing superior energy storage performance.As expected,LWCA-NiS displayed high specific capacity(131.5 mAh·g^(−1) at 1 A·g^(−1)),good rate performance,and highly reversible and excellent cycle stability(13.1%capacity fading after 5000 cycles)in the electrochemical test.Furthermore,a symmetrical supercapacitor using LWCA-NiS-10 as the electrode material delivered an energy density of 12.7 Wh·kg^(−1) at 299.85 W·kg^(−1).Therefore,the synthesized LWCA-NiS composite was an economical and sustainable candidate for the electrodes of highperformance supercapacitors.

Analysis of the formation process and performance of magnetic Fe_3O_4@Poly(4-vinylpyridine) absorbent prepared by in-situ synthesis

The morphology evolution of the mesoporous magnetic composite nanospheres Fe3O4@Poly（4- vinylpyridine） during the formation process and its absorption property of Congo red were studied in this study. A simple solvothermal method was applied for the fabrication of Fe3O4@Poly（4-vinylpyridine） composites with regular structure and uniform size distribution in the presence of 4-vinylpyridine as the structure inducer. The morphology, structure and magnetism performance were characterized and the adsorption model and mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the Fe3O4@Poly（4- vinylpyridine） composites were efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo red from water and it could be reused by a magnetic separation. The adsorption isotherm of Congo red on Fe3O4@Poly（4- vinylpyridine） composites was fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption model.

The effect of 8-OH-DPAT and dapoxetine on gene expression in the brain of male rats during ejaculation

The 5-HT_(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin(8-OH-DPAT) promotes ejaculation of male rats, whereas dapoxetine delays this process. However, the gene expression profile of the brain at ejaculation following administrationof these two compounds has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a transcriptomic Body Map was generated by conducting mRNA-Seq on brain samples of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The study included four groups: pre-copulatory control(CK) group,ejaculation(EJ) group, 0.5 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT-ejaculation group(DPAT), and 60 mg/kg dapoxetineejaculation(DAP) group. The resulting analysis generated an average of approximately 47 million sequence reads. Significant differences in the gene expression profiles of the aforementioned groups were observed in the EJ(257 genes), DPAT(349 genes) and the DAP(207 genes) compared with the control rats. The results indicate that the expression of Drd1 and Slc6a3 was significantly different after treatment with 8-OH-DPAT, whereas the expression of Drd4 was significantly different after treatment with dapoxetine. Other genes, such as Wnt9b, Cdkn1 a and Fosb, exhibited significant differences in expression after the two treatments and are related to bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and sexual addiction. The present study reveals the basic pattern of gene expression that was activated at ejaculation in the presence of 8-OH-DPAT or dapoxetine, providing preliminary gene expression information during rat ejaculation.

Cloning and characterization of squalene synthase and cycloartenol synthase from Siraitia grosvenorii

Mogrosides and steroid saponins are tetracyclic triterpenoids found in Siraitia grosvenorii.Squalene synthase(SQS) and cycloartenol synthase(CAS) are key enzymes in triterpenoid and steroid biosynthesis.In this study,full-length cDNAs of SgSQS and SgCAS were cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction(RACE-PCR) approach.The SgSQS cDNA has a 1254 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding 417 amino acids,and the SgCAS cDNA contains a 2298 bp ORF encoding 765 amino acids.Bioinformatic analysis showed that the deduced SgSQS protein has two transmembrane regions in the C-terminal.Both SgSQS and SgCAS have significantly higher levels in fruits than in other tissues,suggesting that steroids and mogrosides are competitors for the same precursors in fruits.Combined in silico prediction and subcellular localization,experiments in tobacco indicated that SgSQS was probably in the cytoplasm or on the cytoskeleton,and SgCAS was likely located in the nucleus or cytosol.These results will provide a foundation for further study of SgSQS and SgCAS gene functions in S.grosvenorii,and may facilitate improvements in mogroside content in fruit by regulating gene expression.

An Overview of Mineral Dust Modeling over East Asia

East Asian dust（EAD） exerts considerable impacts on the energy balance and climate/climate change of the earth system through its influence on solar and terrestrial radiation, cloud properties, and precipitation efficiency. Providing an accurate description of the life cycle and climate effects of EAD is therefore critical to better understanding of climate change and socioeconomic development in East Asia and even worldwide. Dust modeling has undergone substantial development since the late 1990 s, associated with improved understanding of the role of EAD in the earth system. Here, we review the achievements and progress made in recent decades in terms of dust modeling research,including dust emissions, long-range transport, radiative forcing（RF）, and climate effects of dust particles over East Asia. Numerous efforts in dust/EAD modeling have been directed towards furnishing more sophisticated physical and chemical processes into the models on higher spatial resolutions. Meanwhile, more systematic observations and more advanced retrieval methods for instruments that address EAD related science issues have made it possible to evaluate model results and quantify the role of EAD in the earth system, and to further reduce the uncertainties in EAD simulations. Though much progress has been made, large discrepancies and knowledge gaps still exist among EAD simulations. The deficiencies and limitations that pertain to the performance of the EAD simulations referred to in the present study are also discussed.

Cloning and expression of SgCYP450-4from Siraitia grosvenorii

CYP450 plays an essential role in the development and growth of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. However, little is known about the SgCYP450-4 gene in S. grosvenorii. Here, based on transcriptome data, a full-length c DNA sequence of SgCYP450-4 was cloned by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and rapid-amplification of c DNA ends(RACE) strategies. SgCYP450-4 is 1677 bp in length(Gen Bank accession No. AEM42985.1) and contains a complete open reading frame(ORF) of 1422 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 473 amino acids, the molecular weight is 54.01 kDa, the theoretical isoelectric point(PI) is 8.8, and the protein was predicted to possess cytochrome P450 domains. SgCYP450-4 gene was highly expressed in root, diploid fruit and fruit treated with hormone and pollination. At 10 days after treatment with pollination and hormones, the expression of SgCYP450-4had the highest level and then decreased over time, which was consistent with the development of fruits of S.Grosvenorii. Hormonal treatment could significantly induce the expression of SgCYP450-4. These results provide a reference for regulation of fruit development and the use of parthenocarpy to generate seedless fruit, and provide a scientific basis for the production of growth regulator application agents.

Bio-inspired, bio-degradable adenosine 5′ -diphosphate-modified hyaluronic acid coordinated hydrophobic undecanal-modified chitosan for hemostasis and wound healing

Uncontrolled hemorrhage and wound infection are crucial causes of trauma-associated death in both the military and the clinic. Therefore, developing an efficient and rapid hemostatic method with biocompatibility, easy degradation, and wound healing is of great importance and desirability. Inspired by spontaneous blood cell plug formation in the hemostasis process, an adenosine 5′-diphosphate modified pro-coagulation hyaluronic acid (HA-ADP) coordinated with enhanced antibacterial activity of undecanal-modified chitosan (UCS) was fabricated through physical electrostatic cross-linking and freeze-drying. The as-prepared hydrogel sponges showed a porous structure suitable for blood cell adhesion. In particular, the hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial ability and promoted the adhesion of platelets and red blood cells, thus inducing a prominent pro-coagulation ability via platelet activation, which exhibits a shorter hemostasis time (58.94% of control) in vitro. Compared with commercially available CELOX and gelatin sponge (GS), HA-ADP/UCS accelerates hemostasis and reduces blood loss in both rat tail amputation and rat artery injury models. Furthermore, all the samples exhibited su-perior cytocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to these performances, HA-ADP/UCS promoted full-thickness skin defect healing significantly in vivo. All the properties of HA-ADP/UCS suggest that it has great potential for translation as a clinical application material for hemostatic and wound healing.

Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling persistently amplifies CD40-mediated induction of IL-23 p19 expression through canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways

While there is mounting evidence that interleukin （IL）-23-IL-17 axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, much remains to be elucidated on how IL-23 is induced in the pathological processes. IL-23 is a heterodimer composed of p19 and p40, the latter being shared with IL-12. We previously reported that prostaglandin （PG） E2 promotes CD40-mediated induction of 1123a （p19） expression through its E receptor subtype 4 （EP4） receptor in splenic dendritic cells （DCs）. Here, we have analyzed signaling pathways regulating 1123a induction in the cross talk between EP4 and CD40 in bone marrow-derived DCs. We found that PGE2 synergistically induced 1123a transcription with CD40 signaling. An EP4 agonist, but not agonists of EP1, EP2, or EP3, reproduced this action. Stimulation of CD40 with an agonist antibody evoked biphasic induction of 1123a expression, with the early phase peaking at 1 h and the late phase peaking at 12 h and lasting up to 36 h after stimulation, whereas induction by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-α was transient. The early phase induction by CD40 stimulation was absent in DCs derived from Nfkbl-deficient mice, and the late phase induction was eliminated by RNA interference of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） p100 subunit. Further, cAMP response element-binding protein （CREB） depletion completely eliminated the induction of 1123a by CD40 stimulation. The addition of the EP4 agonist amplified the induction in both phases through the cAMP-protein kinase A （PKA） pathway. These results suggest that 1123a expression in DCs is synergistically triggered by the PG E2-EP4-cAMP-PKA pathway and canonical/non-canonical NF-KB pathways and CREB activated by CD40 stimulation.

Surface characterization of ICF capsule by AFM-based profilometer

Outside surface fluctuations of inertial confinement fusion （ICF） capsule greatly affect the implosion performance. An atomic lbrce microscope （AFM）-based profilometer is developed to precisely characterize the capsule surface with nanometer resolution. With the standard nine surface profiles and the complete coverage data, I D and 2D power spectra are obtained to quantitatively qualify the capsule. Capsule center fast aligning, orbit traces automatic recording, 3D capsule orientation have been studied to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the profilometer.

Comparison of aerosol characteristics during haze periods over two urban agglomerations in China using CALIPSO observations

Using CALIPSO （cloud-aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observation） vertical observation data during haze periods from January 2007 to December 2008, we analyzed differences in aerosol char- acteristics near the surface, as well as in the middle troposphere between the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region （Area A） and the Yangtze River Delta region （Area B） in China. One significant dif- ference was that haze pollution in Area A was related to local and non-local aerosols, while in Area B it was related to local anthropogenic sources. In all seasons apart from autumn, aerosol pollution in Area A was more severe than in Area B, both near the surface and at higher altitudes, In Area A, non-spherical aerosols were dominant from 0 to 4 km in spring, summer, and winter; while in autumn, there were con- siderably high numbers of non-spherical aerosols below 0.5 km, and near-spherical aerosols from 0.5 to 4 km. In Area B, both near-spherical and non-spherical aerosols were common in all seasons. Moreover, aerosols with attenuated color ratios of 0-0.2 were more common in all seasons in Area A than in Area B, indicating that fine particle pollution in Area A was more serious than in Area B. Finally, relatively large aerosols linked to gravity settling appeared more frequently near the surface in Area A than in Area B.