The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE d...The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotong lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogendried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals.The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. The moisture readsorption processes of MTE dried samples were strongly inhibited due to the much larger particle size of sample produced by MTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.展开更多
Natural enzymes usually suffer from high production cost,ease of denaturation and inactivation,and low yield,making them difficult to be broadly applicable.As an emerging type of artificial enzyme,nanozymes that combi...Natural enzymes usually suffer from high production cost,ease of denaturation and inactivation,and low yield,making them difficult to be broadly applicable.As an emerging type of artificial enzyme,nanozymes that combine the characteristics of nanomaterials and enzymes are promising alternatives.On the one hand,nanozymes have high enzyme-like catalytic activities to regulate biochemical reactions.On the other hand,nanozymes also inherit the properties of nanomaterials,which can ameliorate the shortcomings of natural enzymes and serve as versatile platforms for diverse applications.In this review,various nanozymes that mimic the catalytic activity of different enzymes are introduced.The achievements of nanozymes in different cancer diagnosis and treatment technologies are summarized by highlighting the advantages of nanozymes in these applications.Finally,future research directions in this rapidly developing field are outlooked.展开更多
A robust topology optimization design framework is developed to solve lightweight structural design problems under uncertain conditions. To enhance the calculation accuracy and flexibility of the statistical moments o...A robust topology optimization design framework is developed to solve lightweight structural design problems under uncertain conditions. To enhance the calculation accuracy and flexibility of the statistical moments of robust analysis, number theory integral method is applied to sample point selection and weight assignment. Both the structure topology optimization and number theory integral methods are combined to form a new robust topology optimization method. A suspension control arm problem is provided as a demonstration of robust topology optimization methods under loading uncertainties. Based on the results of deterministic and robust topology optimization, it is demonstrated that the proposed robust topology optimization method can produce a more robust design than that obtained by deterministic topology optimization. It is also found that this new approach is easy to apply in the existing commercial topology optimization software and thus feasible in practical engineering problems.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their rapidly increased power conversion efficiencies,however,their inherent poor long-term stability hinders their commercialization.The degradation of...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their rapidly increased power conversion efficiencies,however,their inherent poor long-term stability hinders their commercialization.The degradation of PSCs first comes from the degradation of hole transport materials(HTMs).Here,we report the construction of periodicπ-columnar arrays and ionic interfaces over the skeletons by introducing cationic covalent organic frameworks(C-COFs)to the HTM.Periodicπ-columnar arrays can optimize the charge transport ability and energy levels of the hole transport layer and suppress the degradation of HTM,and ionic interfaces over the skeletons can produce stronger electric dipole and electrostatic interactions,as well as higher charge densities.The C-COFs were designed and synthesized via Schiff base reaction by using 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol as a neutral knot and dimidium bromide as cationic linker.The neutral COFs(N-COFs)were also synthesized as a reference by using 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine as neutral linker.PSCs with cationic COF exhibit the highest efficiency of 23.4%with excellent humidity and thermal stability.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest efficiency among the meso-structured PSCs fabricated by a sequential process.展开更多
Carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials have gained much attention in recent years.In this work,greenphotoluminescent carbon nanodots(CNDs;also termed carbon dots,CDs)with amine termination were synthesized via the hyd...Carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials have gained much attention in recent years.In this work,greenphotoluminescent carbon nanodots(CNDs;also termed carbon dots,CDs)with amine termination were synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of amine-containing spermine and rose bengal(RB)molecules.The CNDs have an ultrasmall size of~2.2 nm and present bright photoluminescence with a high quantum yield of~80%which is possibly attributed to the loss of halogen atoms(Cl and I)during the hydrothermal reaction.Different from most CNDs which have multicolor fluorescence emission,the asprepared CNDs possess excitation-independent emission property,which can avoid fluorescence overlap with other fluorescent dyes.Moreover,the weakly basic amine-terminated surface endows the CNDs with the acidotropic effect.As a result,the CNDs can accumulate in the acidic lysosomes after cellular internalization and can serve as a favorable agent for lysosome imaging.Besides,the CNDs have a negligible impact on the lysosomal morphology even after 48 h incubation and exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the used cell models.展开更多
Erratum to Nano Research,2023,16(7):9387-9397 htps:/oi.or/0.100/1274-023-5603-040(1)One sentence in the article was unfortunately mispresented on page 9392.Instead of As shown in Fig.S19 in the ESM,the A2/A2 values of...Erratum to Nano Research,2023,16(7):9387-9397 htps:/oi.or/0.100/1274-023-5603-040(1)One sentence in the article was unfortunately mispresented on page 9392.Instead of As shown in Fig.S19 in the ESM,the A2/A2 values of the reference,N-COF,and C-COF samples were 45.52%,44.55%,and 45.05%,respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704292,51774285)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M601919)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0600401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017QNA25,CPEUKF1704)
文摘The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotong lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogendried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals.The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. The moisture readsorption processes of MTE dried samples were strongly inhibited due to the much larger particle size of sample produced by MTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.
基金This work is supported by the Singapore Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)AME IRG Grant No.(A20E5c0081)the Singapore Academic Research Fund(RG3/21)+1 种基金and the Singapore National Research Foundation Investigatorship(NRF-NRFI2018-03)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Natural enzymes usually suffer from high production cost,ease of denaturation and inactivation,and low yield,making them difficult to be broadly applicable.As an emerging type of artificial enzyme,nanozymes that combine the characteristics of nanomaterials and enzymes are promising alternatives.On the one hand,nanozymes have high enzyme-like catalytic activities to regulate biochemical reactions.On the other hand,nanozymes also inherit the properties of nanomaterials,which can ameliorate the shortcomings of natural enzymes and serve as versatile platforms for diverse applications.In this review,various nanozymes that mimic the catalytic activity of different enzymes are introduced.The achievements of nanozymes in different cancer diagnosis and treatment technologies are summarized by highlighting the advantages of nanozymes in these applications.Finally,future research directions in this rapidly developing field are outlooked.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0103704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51675044)
文摘A robust topology optimization design framework is developed to solve lightweight structural design problems under uncertain conditions. To enhance the calculation accuracy and flexibility of the statistical moments of robust analysis, number theory integral method is applied to sample point selection and weight assignment. Both the structure topology optimization and number theory integral methods are combined to form a new robust topology optimization method. A suspension control arm problem is provided as a demonstration of robust topology optimization methods under loading uncertainties. Based on the results of deterministic and robust topology optimization, it is demonstrated that the proposed robust topology optimization method can produce a more robust design than that obtained by deterministic topology optimization. It is also found that this new approach is easy to apply in the existing commercial topology optimization software and thus feasible in practical engineering problems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203359)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NS2022092)+5 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705400)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20212008)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(Nos.MCMS-I-0421K01 and MCMS-I-0422K01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NJ2022002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073119 and 21774040)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted much attention due to their rapidly increased power conversion efficiencies,however,their inherent poor long-term stability hinders their commercialization.The degradation of PSCs first comes from the degradation of hole transport materials(HTMs).Here,we report the construction of periodicπ-columnar arrays and ionic interfaces over the skeletons by introducing cationic covalent organic frameworks(C-COFs)to the HTM.Periodicπ-columnar arrays can optimize the charge transport ability and energy levels of the hole transport layer and suppress the degradation of HTM,and ionic interfaces over the skeletons can produce stronger electric dipole and electrostatic interactions,as well as higher charge densities.The C-COFs were designed and synthesized via Schiff base reaction by using 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol as a neutral knot and dimidium bromide as cationic linker.The neutral COFs(N-COFs)were also synthesized as a reference by using 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine as neutral linker.PSCs with cationic COF exhibit the highest efficiency of 23.4%with excellent humidity and thermal stability.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest efficiency among the meso-structured PSCs fabricated by a sequential process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21673037)。
文摘Carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials have gained much attention in recent years.In this work,greenphotoluminescent carbon nanodots(CNDs;also termed carbon dots,CDs)with amine termination were synthesized via the hydrothermal treatment of amine-containing spermine and rose bengal(RB)molecules.The CNDs have an ultrasmall size of~2.2 nm and present bright photoluminescence with a high quantum yield of~80%which is possibly attributed to the loss of halogen atoms(Cl and I)during the hydrothermal reaction.Different from most CNDs which have multicolor fluorescence emission,the asprepared CNDs possess excitation-independent emission property,which can avoid fluorescence overlap with other fluorescent dyes.Moreover,the weakly basic amine-terminated surface endows the CNDs with the acidotropic effect.As a result,the CNDs can accumulate in the acidic lysosomes after cellular internalization and can serve as a favorable agent for lysosome imaging.Besides,the CNDs have a negligible impact on the lysosomal morphology even after 48 h incubation and exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the used cell models.
文摘Erratum to Nano Research,2023,16(7):9387-9397 htps:/oi.or/0.100/1274-023-5603-040(1)One sentence in the article was unfortunately mispresented on page 9392.Instead of As shown in Fig.S19 in the ESM,the A2/A2 values of the reference,N-COF,and C-COF samples were 45.52%,44.55%,and 45.05%,respectively.