植物甾醇(酯)的研究与应用前景

针对植物甾醇(酯)最新的一些研究进展进行总结和归纳,包括它的合成方法、功能介绍、相关的物理化学修饰手段和应用,重点是在化妆品中的应用。植物甾醇酯的合成方法主要有化学催化法、离子液体催化法、无溶剂直接酯化法、生物酶催化法等,其中生物酶催化法是目前学术研究的热点,在工业生产中预计会逐渐取代化学催化法成为主流方法。同时植物甾醇类物质具有降低胆固醇含量、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎、修复皮肤屏障、抑菌等功能,以及酯化、乳化、微胶囊、纳米载体、乙氧基化和聚乙二醇修饰等各种修饰手段。这些条件共同推动了它在化妆品行业被广泛应用,同时其在食品保健、医药、农业和畜牧业也有较好的发展。其中植物甾醇油酸酯发展格外迅速。

Progress in building clinically relevant patient-derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research

Patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)models,a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice,have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research,particularly in advancing precision medicine.As the first stage of PDX development,the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft(PDOX)models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient.The PDOX models have several advantages,including high fidelity to the original tumor,heightened drug sensitivity,and an elevated rate of successful transplantation.However,the PDOX models present significant challenges,requiring advanced surgical techniques and resourceintensive imaging technologies,which limit its application.And then,the humanized mouse models,as well as the zebrafish models,were developed.Humanized mouse models contain a human immune environment resembling the tumor and immune system interplay.The humanized mouse models are a hot topic in PDX model research.Regarding zebrafish patient-derived tumor xenografts(zPDX)and patient-derived organoids(PDO)as promising models for studying cancer and drug discovery,zPDX models are used to transplant tumors into zebrafish as novel personalized medical animal models with the advantage of reducing patient waiting time.PDO models provide a cost-effective approach for drug testing that replicates the in vivo environment and preserves important tumor-related information for patients.The present review highlights the functional characteristics of each new phase of PDX and provides insights into the challenges and prospective developments in this rapidly evolving field.

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here,we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs)in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5)reanalysis dataset.Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs)concentrated at heights of 900-1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 2300 LST(LST=UTC+8 hours)but are strongest at 0200 LST,with composite wind velocities>14 m s^(-1).Synoptic-system-related LLJs(SLLJs)occur most frequently at 0800 LST but are strongest at 1100LST,with composite wind velocities>12 m s^(-1).Both BLJs and SLLJs are characterized by a southwesterly wind direction,although the wind direction of SLLJs is more westerly,and northeasterly SLLJs occur more frequently than northeasterly BLJs.When Wuhan is south of the mei-yu front,the westward extension of the northwest Pacific subtropical high intensifies,and the low-pressure system in the eastern Tibetan Plateau strengthens,favoring the formation of LLJs,which are closely related to precipitation.The wind speeds on rainstorm days are greater than those on LLJ days.Our analysis of four typical heavy precipitation events shows the presence of LLJs at the center of the precipitation and on its southern side before the onset of heavy precipitation.BLJs were shown to develop earlier than SLLJs.

手性高烯丙基胺的合成及表征——一个微量不对称合成教学实验

描述了一个以立体化学中非对映选择性为知识重点,以无水无氧操作为操作重点的微量不对称合成实验。(R)-N-叔丁基亚磺酰亚胺在无水无氧环境中,经过锌参与的烯丙基化,在不同的溶剂、添加剂条件下以不同的选择性得到了一对非对映异构体,以较高的产率得到终产物。烷基化反应产物的非对映体比率(dr)通过1H与19F NMR以及手性HPLC确定。总体来说,这一实验所用试剂易得,反应条件温和,速率快,产率高;学生在学习无水无氧操作(Schlenk技术)的同时,还能够熟悉立体化学的基本概念,了解如何通过调节反应溶剂和添加剂实现立体化学结果的逆转,并掌握使用手性HPLC和NMR确定光学活性物质的dr值的方法。

Fe-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks:From Various Synthesis,Diverse Structures to Multifunctional Applications

Iron-based metal-organic frameworks(Fe-MOFs)have attracted extensive interest from researchers due to their tunability,favorable properties,and chemical versatility.Compared with conventional porous materials,Fe-MOFs exhibit better performance in a wide variety of applications.Herein,the structures of Fe-MOFs are summarized to explore potential structures based on isoreticular chemistry,as well as the recent research progress in their synthesis and multifunctional applications.The rapid development of Fe-MOFs has broadened the application range of Fe-MOFs,and a brief description of Fe-MOF applications in gas storage and separation,catalysis,bioimaging,and magnetism is outlined,with the aim to expand the prospects of Fe-MOFs in more practical applications.

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Regulate the Pharmacokinetics of Aloe-emodin,Emodin,Rhein,and Chrysophanol in Chronic Kidney Disease Rats

Background:As accelerators and products of the progression of chronic kidney disease(CKD),advanced oxidation protein products(AOPPs)affect the function of the liver.Huang Gan granules(HGGs)are commonly used to prevent the progression of CKD,but the pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chrysophanol in HGGs in CKD remain unknown.Objective:To investigate the influence and its molecular mechanism of AOPPs on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chrysophanol in HGGs.Methods:We constructed 5/6 nephrectomised(5/6 nx),adenine-induced(adenine)and AOPP-treated rat models.After oral administration of HGG,the concentrations of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chrysophanol in the plasma samples were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and their pharmacokinetics were analysed with the PKSolver software.The plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-αare detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The RT-PCR was performed in the HepG2 cells to explore the effect of TNF-αand IL-6 on the mRNA expression of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4.Result:The results showed that the method was suitable for the quantification of four anthraquinones in plasma and excreta samples with satisfactory linear(R R^(2)>0.9931),precision(<9.4%)and accuracy(±10%).In 5/6 nx,adenine and AOPPs-treated rats,the concentrations of TNF-αand IL-6 were increased.In 5/6 nx and adenine rats,the pharmacokinetic parameters(t_(1/2),MRT_(0-∞)and AUC_(0-∞))of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chryso-phanol were,respectively,significantly increased and correlated with the concentration of AOPPs.In AOPPs-treated rats,the concentration of AOPPs was significantly increased and the pharmacokinetic parameters of four anthraquinones were also increased.Conclusion:In summary,inflammatory cytokine production may be one of the important causes in AOPPs’regulat-ing the pharmacokinetic of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chrysophanol in the CKD rats.Studies of aloe-emodin,emodin,rhein,and chrysophanol in CKD facilitate the appropriate prescription of HGGs in the clinical.

Metal-ion-tuned metal-organic frameworks for C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2) separation

Adsorptive separation of acetylene(C_(2)H_(2))from carbon dioxide(CO_(2))by adsorption is a viable method for producing high-purity C_(2)H_(2) required for industrial applications.However,separating C_(2)H_(2) and CO_(2) is challenging due to their extremely similar molecular sizes and physical properties.Metal-Organic Frameworks(MOFs),as a novel porous material with high specific surface area and tunable pore size,have shown great potential in the separation and purification of light hydrocarbons.Herein,we synthesized three isoreticular Al-MOFs(Al-TCPP,Al-TCPP(Co),and Al-TCPP(Fe))by modulating metal ions at the porphyrin center,all of which can effectively separate C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2).The addition of metal ions can regulate and improve the separation selectivity of C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2).Compared with the parent Al-TCPP,the IAST selectivities of Al-TCPP(Co)and Al-TCPP(Fe)for equimolar C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2) increased from 1.73 to 3.66 and 4.43,respectively.Breakthrough experiments validate their efficient separation of C_(2)H_(2)/CO_(2).Furthermore,they all exhibit excellent hydrothermal stability,laying the foundation for practical applications.

早产儿先天性长QT综合征1例

本文报告1例早产儿先天性长QT综合征,患儿于胎儿期即发现胎心不齐,生后出现严重心律失常,心率55~110次/min,24 h动态心电图示QT间期延长、尖端扭转型心律失常、二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞,基因检测发现KCNH2基因变异,生后10 d家长放弃治疗后死亡。

Atomically thin defect-rich Ni-Se-S hybrid nanosheets as hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts

Facile design of economic-effective hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts with non-noble materials are promising for the production of renewable chemical fuels.Two-dimensional(2D)ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)materials with large specific surface area and abundant catalytic active sites can significantly enhance their catalytic activities.Herein,we design and synthesize an atomically thin Ni-Se-S based hybrid nanosheet(NiSe1.2S0.8)via a simple solvothermal method,the thickness of NiSe1.2S0.8 nanosheets is only about 1.1 nm.Benefiting from the ultrathin nanostructure and rich defects,the optimal NiSe1.2S0.8 exhibits good electrocatalytic activity with the overpotential of 144 mV at−10 mA·cm−2,a small Tafel slope of 59 mV·dec−1,and outstanding catalytic stability in acid electrolyte for HER.The theoretical results show that hybrid electrocatalyst by S incorporation possesses the optimal adsorption free energy of hydrogen(ΔGH*).This study provides a simple method to synthesize a highperformance multicomponent electrocatalysts with the ultrathin nanostructures and abundant defects.

Management of Lisfranc injury with anterolateral calcaneal compression fracture

To the Editor:The mechanism of Lisfranc injury is complex and may cause different patterns of fractures or dislocation of the midfoot complex.Abduction force injury is a special injury pattern,which may cause the fracture or(and)dislocation of the lateral column of the Lisfranc joint,especially the cuboid.[1,2,3]However,the anterolateral calcaneus is less commonly involved.Since the fragment of the calcaneocuboid(CC)joint facet is too uncon-spicuous to manifest on a plain X-ray,and surgeons always pay more attention to the Lisfranc joint,anterolateral calcaneal compression fracture and even Chopart joint injuries are often overlooked,which may lead to a delayed surgical management,chronic foot deformities,and functional disability.

A 3D Ba-MOF for selective adsorption of CO_(2)/CH_(4)and CO_(2)/N_(2)

An unexpected in-situ hydrolysis reaction occurred during the solvothermal reaction of N,N’-bis(4-carboxy-2-methylphenyl)pyromellitic di-imide)and Ba(NO3)2,and a novel porous Ba-MOF,[H_(2)N(CH_(3))_(2)]_(0.5)[Ba_(1.5)(L)(DMA)]·1.5 DMA·1.5 H_(2)O(UPC-70,H_(3)L=2-(4-ca rboxy-2-methylphenyl)-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5,6-dicarboxylic acid,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide),was obtained on the basis of the partial hydrolysate.The as-synthesized 3 D network with 1 D open channels of different sizes(24 A and 10 A)contains abundant open metal sites after removal of solvents,which is conducive to the preferential adsorption of CO_(2).The subsequent gas sorption measurement reveals the high separation selectivity of UPC-70 for CO_(2)/CH_(4)(15)and CO_(2)/N_(2)(32)at ambient conditions,and GCMC theoretical simulation provides good verification of the experimental results,indicating that UPC-70 is a potential candidate for CO_(2)capture from flue gas and natural gas.

Two alkynyl functionalized Co（Ⅱ）-MOFs as fluorescent sensors exhibiting selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+ and nitroaromatic compounds

Two Co(II)-MOFs with different structures were successfully synthesized under the premise of designing two ligands containing alkynyl functional groups. Complexes 1 ([Co(TEPA)(TPT)2/3]·2DMF·H2O) and 2 ([Co(EPA)(TPT)]·1.5DMF·1.5H2O) show excellent luminescence properties. Meanwhile, as fluorescent sensors, complexes 1 and 2 exhibit selectivity and sensitivity for Fe3+ with the Ksv of 1.520 ×104 L/mol and 3.543 ×104 L/mol, which can rapidly detect nitroaromatic compounds in methanol and ethanol, especially for 2,4-NPH through fluorescence quenching with high quenching efficiency. In particular, the Ksv value of complexes 1 and 2 towards 2,4-NPH can reach up to 1.627 ×105 L/mol and 9.600 ×104 L/mol, demonstrating that complexes 1 and 2 are good candidates for the identification and detection of Fe3+and nitroaromatic compounds.