31.38 Gb/s GaN-based LED array visible light communication system enhanced with V-pit and sidewall quantum well structure

Although the 5G wireless network has made significant advances,it is not enough to accommodate the rapidly rising requirement for broader bandwidth in post-5G and 6G eras.As a result,emerging technologies in higher frequencies including visible light communication(VLC),are becoming a hot topic.In particular,LED-based VLC is foreseen as a key enabler for achieving data rates at the Tb/s level in indoor scenarios using multi-color LED arrays with wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)technology.This paper proposes an optimized multi-color LED array chip for high-speed VLC systems.Its long-wavelength GaN-based LED units are remarkably enhanced by V-pit structure in their efficiency,especially in the“yellow gap”region,and it achieves significant improvement in data rate compared with earlier research.This work investigates the V-pit structure and tries to provide insight by introducing a new equivalent circuit model,which provides an explanation of the simulation and experiment results.In the final test using a laboratory communication system,the data rates of eight channels from short to long wavelength are 3.91 Gb/s,3.77 Gb/s,3.67 Gb/s,4.40 Gb/s,3.78 Gb/s,3.18 Gb/s,4.31 Gb/s,and 4.35 Gb/s(31.38 Gb/s in total),with advanced digital signal processing(DSP)techniques including digital equalization technique and bit-power loading discrete multitone(DMT)modulation format.

Fatigue Life Prediction for SiC/Al Materials Based on Path Planning Algorithm Considering Residual Stress

To explore the influence of path deflection on crack propagation,a path planning algorithm is presented to calculate the crack growth length.The fatigue crack growth life of metal matrix composites(MMCs)is estimated based on an improved Paris formula.Considering the different expansion coefficient of different materials,the unequal shrinkage will lead to residual stress when the composite is molded and cooled.The crack growth model is improved by the modified stress ratio based on residual stress.The Dijkstra algorithm is introduced to avoid the cracks passing through the strengthening base and the characteristics of crack steps.This model can be extended to predict crack growth length for other similarly-structured composite materials.The shortest path of crack growth is simulated by using path planning algorithm,and the fatigue life of composites is calculated based on the shortest path and improved model.And the residual stress caused by temperature change is considered to improve the fatigue crack growth model in the material.The improved model can well predict the fatigue life curve of composites.By analyzing the fatigue life of composites,it is found that there is a certain regularity based on metal materials,and the new fatigue prediction model can also reflect this regularity.

The Dependence of the Miscibility, Stability and Compressibility of L-<i>α</i>Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/Rutin Laurate Monolayer at the Air/Water on Temperature

The miscibility, stability and compressibility of L-α dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/rutin laurate mixed monolayer at the air/water were investigated by Langmuir film balance to reveal the characteristic of the molecular interaction. The two components of DOPC/RL mixed monolayer were miscible throughout the mixture composition range and at three experimental temperatures of 10°C, 25°C and 37°C. At all experimental conditions, RL increased the compressibility and elasticity of the DOPC monolayer. Both the temperature and the composition of the membrane affected the form of intermolecular forces in the mixed monolayer.

Clinical Implications of HER-2 and P53 in Taxane-Based and Anthracycline-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of humanepidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and P53 in taxane-based and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)in breast cancer.METHODSSixty-two patients with breast cancer wereincluded in this study.Twenty-two patients were treated withtaxane-based (taxane group) and 40 with anthracycline-based(anthracycline group).ER,PR,c-erbB2 and P53 were detected byimmunohistochemistry staining before NAC,and FluorescenceIn Situ Hybridization(FISH) was used to detect the HER-2 geneamplification for the cases with the expression of c-erbB2 proteinas (++) or (+++).The efficacy of the regimens was evaluated afterNAC.RESULTS In the anthracycline group,objective response (OR)was observed in 30 out of 40 patients (75%),whereas no response(NR) was observed in 10 patients (25%).In the taxane group,ORwas observed in 15 patients out of 22 patients (68.2%),whereasNR was observed in 7 patients (31.8%).HER-2-negative status wascorrelated with a high OR in both taxane-based and anthracycline-based NAC (P = 0.023 and P = 0.029),whereas P53-negative statuswas correlated with high OR rate in anthracycline-based NAC (P= 0.041).The significant difference of the CR rates was observedbetween the patients took<4 cycles and>4 cycles NAC (4.65% vs.21.05%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The patients with HER-2 gene non-amplicationmay be sensitive to both taxane-based and anthracycline-basedchemotherapy;the patients without P53 overexpression maysuitable to select anthracycline-based chemotherapy;and properincreased NAC cycles may increase CR rates.

Quality of life,self-care knowledge access,and selfcare needs in patients with colon stomas one month post-surgery in a Chinese Tumor Hospital

Objective:This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the quality of life(QoL),selfcare knowledge access,and self-care needs of colorectal cancer patients after colostomy.Methods:A total of 142 colorectal cancer patients in the Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province were invited to this survey one month post-colostomy.QoL of the participants was assessed using the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument(WHOQOL-BREF).A self-prepared questionnaire was also administered to explore the sources of self-care knowledge and self-care needs of this population.Results:Response mean scores of the four domains of WHOQOL-BREF,namely,physical health,psychological health,social relations,and environmental health were 53.49,57.95,65.78 and 50.75,respectively.No significant differences were found in the gender,age,education level,and occupation type in QoL scale among the groups using the u test and ANOVA(p>0.05).However,female colostomates scored higher grades in the physical area of QoL than male patients;the participants who willingly attended the self-care courses obtained higher scores in social area than those who were not willing.Conclusion:The QoL of this population was not favorable.Self-care program can be developed in accordance with the needs and educational background of the colostomates.

Application of Multi-team Blood Glucose Management Model in Perioperative Period of General Surgery Patients

Objective:In order to explore the application effect of blood glucose management mode of multiteam cooperation in perioperative period of general surgery patients.Methods:The perioperative blood glucose control of 94 patients undergoing surgical treatment in general surgery from January 2016 to March 2019 was reviewed by Non-synchronous.According to the perioperative blood glucose management model of multi-team cooperation,the patients were divided into intervention group and control group.From January 2016 to January 2018,64 patients who did not implemented the multi-team blood glucose management model were the control group and from February 2018 to March 2019,30 patients who implemented the multi-team blood glucose management model were the intervention group,compared with two group about the differences in perioperative blood glucose.Results:It is no statistically significant about two group in highest and lowest blood sugar levels under fasting stats;during the fluid diet the blood sugar level of the intervention group was lower than control group(P<0.05),and when the patients was in the semifluid or food-feeding period,the highest and lowest blood sugar level is that the intervention group was lower than control group(P<0.05).The time of the blood sugar reaching the standard,the coincidence of complications rate and average hospitalization days in the intervention group were particularly lower than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:If we adopt multiteam blood glucose management model can better control the perioperative blood glucose of patients undergoing general sugar.

Flexible 2 × 2 multiple access visible light communication system based on an integrated parallel GaN/InGaN micro-photodetector array module

In recent studies, visible light communication(VLC) has been predicted to be a prospective technique in the future 6G communication systems. To suit the trend of exponentially growing connectivity, researchers have intensively studied techniques that enable multiple access(MA) in VLC systems, such as the MIMO system based on LED devices to support potential applications in the Internet of Things(IoT) or edge computing in the nextgeneration access network. However, their transmission rate is limited due to the intrinsic bandwidth of LED.Unfortunately, the majority of visible light laser communication (VLLC) research with beyond 10 Gb/s data rates concentrates on point-to-point links, or using discrete photodetector(PD) devices instead of an integrated array PD. In this paper, we demonstrated an integrated PD array device fabricated with a Si-substrated GaN/InGaN multiple-quantum-well(MQW) structure, which has a 4 × 4 array of 50 μm × 50 μm micro-PD units with a common cathode and anode. This single-integrated array successfully provides access for two different transmitters simultaneously in the experiment, implementing a 2 × 2 MIMO-VLLC link at 405 nm. The highest data rate achieved is 13.2 Gb/s, and the corresponding net data rate(NDR) achieved is 12.27 Gb/s after deducing the FEC overhead, using 2.2 GHz bandwidth and superposed PAM signals. Furthermore, we assess the Huffman-coded coding scheme, which brings a fine-grain adjustment in access capacity and enhances the overall data throughput when the user signal power varies drastically due to distance, weather, or other challenges in the channel condition. As far as we know, this is the first demonstration of multiple visible light laser source access based on a single integrated GaN/InGaN receiver module.

Design of single-phased magnesium alloys with typically high solubility rare earth elements for biomedical applications:Concept and proof

Rare earth elements(REEs)have been long applied in magnesium alloys,among which the mischmetal-containing WE43 alloy has already got the CE mark approval for clinical application.A considerable amount of REEs(7 wt%)is needed in that multi-phased alloy to achieve a good combination of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance.However,the high complex RE addition accompanied with multiple second phases may bring the concern of biological hazards.Single-phased Mg-RE alloys with simpler compositions were proposed to improve the overall performance,i.e.,“Simpler alloy,better performance”.The single-phased microstructure can be successfully obtained with typical high-solubility REEs(Ho,Er or Lu)through traditional smelting,casting and extrusion in a wide compositional range.A good corrosion resistance with a macroscopically uniform corrosion mode was guaranteed by the homogeneously single-phased microstructure.The bimodal-grained structure with plenty of sub-grain microstructures allow us to minimize the RE addition to<1 wt%,without losing mechanical properties.The single-phased Mg-RE alloys show comparable mechanical properties to the clinically-proven Mg-based implants.They exhibited similar in-vitro and in-vivo performances(without local or systematic toxicity in SD-rats)compared to a high purity magnesium.In addition,metal elements in our single-phased alloys can be gradually excreted through the urinary system and digestive system,showing no consistent accumulation of RE in main organs,i.e.,less burden on organs.The novel concept in this study focuses on the simplification of Mg-RE based alloys for biomedical purpose,and other biodegradable metals with single-phased microstructures are expected to be explored.

外来入侵物种在青藏高原的入侵性和生态影响不一致

在全球变化背景下,管控入侵物种是一项具有挑战性的工作。这主要由于从入侵物种的入侵性推断它们的生态危害存在很大的不确定性。更确切地说,入侵性和生态危害的关系可能依赖于所研究的生态系统,同时这种关系还没有在像青藏高原这样独特的高寒生态系统中被研究过。在这项研究中,我们在青藏高原东南部的一个样带上调查了32种入侵植物。我们将这些入侵物种的生态危害分解为分布范围(R)、局部丰度(A)和个体对本地植物群落的影响(E)3个组分,并研究了植物性状对这些组分的相对贡献。研究结果表明,入侵植物的入侵性(R×A)和其所产生的危害(R×A×E)没有相关性。这表明这些入侵植物的入侵性不能反映它们对本地群落生态危害的严重性。在青藏高原,R和A共同驱动了入侵性,而R单独驱动了生态危害。植物性状并没有通过这3个组分驱动入侵性和生态危害,只有果实类型(主要是浆果)影响了E。我们的结果表明,驱动入侵性和生态危害的组分的不匹配导致了入侵植物的入侵性不能反映它们的生态危害。因此,关于入侵物种的管控应该优先考虑那些分布广泛的物种或者已经被证实会对本地物种产生负面影响的物种。

19世纪80年代以来全球温度变暖趋势一致性进一步加强

升级了新的1850年以来的全球陆地气温数据集(C-LSAT2.0),结合美国NOAA/NCEI研发的ERSSTv5,将全球表面温度(CMST)观测数据集延长至1854~2019年,为全球气候变化研究提供了一个新的基准数据.对比发现,基于CMST的全球温度变化序列在1880年以前略高于其他几个全球序列,差异主要来源于采用不同海温数据所致,各个序列之间存在结构性不确定性;1880年之后, 5个全球表面温度观测序列的一致性非常高,并有显著一致的变暖趋势,具有高可靠性.基于C-LSAT2.0和CMST,对1880~2019年全球变暖趋势进行了估计,结果表明:近140年, 120年, 60年和40年陆地平均气温增暖趋势分别为:0.103±0.016, 0.115±0.020, 0.252±0.035和0.293±0.055°C/10 a;全球表面温度增暖趋势分别为:0.072±0.010, 0.084±0.011, 0.150±0.019和0.185±0.032°C/10 a.对1900~2018年全球年均温度EOF分析表明,前两个特征向量明显地反映了全球温度变化的主要模态:即全球一致升温模态和与太平洋年代际振荡(IPO)密切相关的模态.说明近120年全球温度变化主要由外部强迫(人类活动)和自然变率(IPO)控制.

Analysis of the effect of PCR testing and antigen testing on controlling the transmission for Omicron based on different scenarios

After the policy adjustment,China no longer carries out COVID-19 PCR testing for all people,and antigen testing has become the main way to detect and manage infectious sources.We developed a dynamic model to evaluate and compare the effects between PCR and antigen testing for controlling the pandemic.Due to the increase of contact degree,the peak reduction effect of PCR testing in population is lower than that of antigen testing.Even if it was only 20%of people isolated at home after antigen testing,the peak of the epidemic could be reduced by 9.46%.If the proportion of antigen testing is further increased to 80%,the peak of the pandemic can be reduced by 31.41%.Antigen testing performed better effects in school(reduction proportion 29.27%)and community(29.34%)than in workplace(27.75%).Therefore,we recommend that antigen testing in the popu-lation should be encouraged during the pandemic,and home isolation of infected persons should be advocated,especially in crowded places.To improve the availability of antigen,the testing proportion should be further enhanced.

Action Mechanism of Components from Gardenia jasminoides on Eye Skin Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives]To explore the pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides and its potential benefits on eye skin.[Methods]TCMSP and SymMap databases were used to screen the active components and corresponding targets of G.jasminoides.Human eye skin-related targets were screened,and the active component-target network and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network were established.Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis were performed.[Results]Twenty-six active compounds were screened out from G.jasminoides,and 277 targets were obtained.From the Gencards database,26652 disease targets were retrieved and 205 related gene targets were screened.The active component-action target network of G.jasminoides constructed by Cytoscape software revealed the potential of G.jasminoides to play a role in multiple biological pathways.In addition,PPI-network analysis,GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the active components of G.jasminoides mainly regulate the biological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress and apoptosis,involving MAPK,NF-κB and other important signaling pathways.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the eye skin protection of G.jasminoides and an important clue for future drug development.

民营经济发展与企业家精神

改革开放的40年,既是激荡起伏的40年,也是民营经济蓬勃发展的40年。伴随着民营经济的发展,涌现了一批优秀企业家,他们前赴后继、群星灿烂,为积累社会财富、创造就业岗位、促进经济社会发展、增强综合国力作出了重要贡献。党的十八大以来,党中央出台了一系列扶持民营经济发展的改革举措,但也要看到,一些民营企业在经营发展中遇到不少困难和问题,必须引起高度重视。为推动民营经济健康发展,要切实推动权利、机会、规则平等落地见效;加快金融体系改革,适应创新驱动新经济发展;尽快制定《大企业支付法》,解决大企业严重拖欠中小企业货款问题。

Influence of Sputtered Nanocrystalline Coating on Oxidation and Hot Corrosion of a Nickel-based Superalloy M951

The isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviors in air and hot corrosion behaviors in Na2SO4 ＋ 25 wt% K2SO4 salt of M951 cast superalloy and a sputtered nanocrystalline coating of the same material were studied. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine the morphologies and phase composition of the M951 alloy and nanocrystalline coating before and after oxidation and hot corrosion. The as-sputtered nanocrystalline layer has a homogeneous y phase structure of very fine grain size （30-200 nm） with the preferential growth texture of （111） parallel to the interface. Adherent AI203 rich oxide scale formed on the cast M951 alloy and its sputtered coating after isothermal oxidation at 900 and 1000 ℃. However, when being isothermal oxidized at 1100℃ and cyclic oxidized at 1000 ℃, the oxide scale formed on the cast alloy was a mixture of NiO, NiAl2O4, Al2O3 and Nb205 and spalled seriously, while that formed on the sputtered coating mainly consisted of Al2O3 and was very adherent. Nanocrystallization promoted rapid formation of Al2O3 scale during the early stage of oxidation and enhanced the adhesion of the oxide scale, thus improved the oxidation resistance of the substrate alloy. Serious corrosion occurred for the cast alloy. The sputtered nanocrystalline coating apparently improved the hot corrosion resistance of the cast alloy in the mixed sulfate by the formation of a continuous Al2O3 and Cr2O3 mixed oxide layer on the surface of the coating, and the pre- oxidation treatment of the coating led to an even better effect.

A Real-world Prospective Study of Mother-to-child Transmission of HBV in China Using a Mobile Health Application (Shield 01)

Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in China,we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting.Methods:One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive preg-nant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.Immunoprophy-laxis was administered to infants.In addition,mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL were advised to initiate antiviral therapy during late pregnancy.A health application called SHIELD was used to manage the study.Results:Nine hundred and five of the enrolled mothers,with 924 infants,completed the follow-up.Birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were received by 99.7%and 99.7%of infants,respectively,within 24 h after birth.There ;were 446 mothers who received antiviral therapy,including 72.3%of the mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL and 21.0%of the mothers with HBV DNA level<2,000,000 IU/mL.Eight infants were infected with HBV.The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9%.Birth defects were rare(0.5%among in-fants with maternal antiviral exposure versus 0.7%among infants without exposure;p=1.00).Conclusions:The MTCT rate was lower than the WHO Western Pacific Region elimina-tion MTCT target in this real-world study,indicating that a comprehensive management composed of immunoprophy-laxis to infants and antiviral prophylaxis to mothers may be a feasible strategy to achieve the 2030 WHO elimination goal.

Efficient emission of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes:toward orange and red

Indium gallium nitride(InGaN)-based light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are considered a promising candidate for red-green-blue(RGB)micro displays.Currently,the blue and green LEDs are efficient,while the red ones are inefficient for such applications.This paper reports our work of creating efficient InGaN-based orange and red LEDs on silicon(111)substrates at low current density.Based on the structure of InGaN yellow LEDs,by simply reducing the growth temperature of all the yellow quantum wells(QWs),we obtained 599 nm orange LEDs with peak wall-plug efficiency(WPE)of 18.1%at 2 A/cm^2.An optimized QW structure was proposed that changed two of the nine yellow QWs to orange ones.Compared with the sample containing nine orange QWs,the sample with two orange QWs and seven yellow QWs showed similar emission spectra but a much higher peak WPE up to 24.0%at 0.8 A/cm^2 with a wavelength of 608 nm.The improvement of peak WPE can be attributed to the improved QW quality and the reduced active recombination volume.Subsequently,a series of efficient InGaN-based orange and red LEDs was demonstrated.With further development,the InGaN-based red LEDs are believed to be attainable and can be used in micro LED displays.

Si-substrate vertical-structure InGaN/GaN micro-LED-based photodetector for beyond 10 Gbps visible light communication

Visible light communication(VLC)has emerged as a promising communication method in 6G.However,the development of receiving devices is much slower than that of transmitting devices,limited by materials,structures,and fabrication.In this paper,we propose and fabricate an InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well-based vertical-structure micro-LED-based photodetector(μPD)on a Si substrate.A comprehensive comparison of the photoelectrical performance and communication performance of three sizes ofμPDs,10,50,and 100μm,is presented.The peak responsivity of all threeμPDs is achieved at 400 nm,while the passband full-widths at half maxima are 87,72,and 78 nm for 10,50,and 100μmμPDs,respectively.The−20 dB cutoff bandwidth is up to 822 MHz for 50μmμPD.A data rate of 10.14 Gbps is experimentally demonstrated by bit and power loading discrete multitone modulation and the proposed digital pre-equalizer algorithm over 1 m free space utilizing the self-designed 4×450μmμPD array as a receiver and a 450 nm laser diode as a transmitter.This is the first time a more than 10 Gbps VLC system has been achieved utilizing a GaN-based micro-PD,to the best of our knowledge.The investigation fully demonstrates the superiority of Si substrates and vertical structures in InGaN/GaNμPDs and shows its great potential for high-speed VLC links beyond 10 Gbps.

Efficient InGaN-based yellow-light-emitting diodes

Realization of efficient yellow-light-emitting diodes(LEDs) has always been a challenge in solid-state lighting.Great effort has been made, but only slight advancements have occurred in the past few decades. After comprehensive work on InGaN-based yellow LEDs on Si substrate, we successfully made a breakthrough and pushed the wall-plug efficiency of 565-nm-yellow LEDs to 24.3% at 20 A∕cm^2 and 33.7% at 3 A∕cm^2. The success of yellow LEDs can be credited to the improved material quality and reduced compressive strain of InGaN quantum wells by a prestrained layer and substrate, as well as enhanced hole injection by a 3 D pn junction with V-pits.

Cloning and characterization of rice RH3 gene induced by brown planthopper

Experiments have showed that the histone H3 gene is correlated with development, cell speciality and stress response. The RH3 full-length cDNA was isolated from the cDNA library of rice infested by brown planthopper (BPH) with EST (Accession no. BU572343) screened from rice SSH library as probe. This gene encodes histone H3 protein in-cluding 136 amino acids, with one amino acid different from a kind of disease resistance-related protein in rice (AF467728). At the position 126, the aspartic acid is replaced by lysine. The time course results showed that the expression of the RH3 began to increase at 8 h after BPH-feeding, and got to its peak at 96 h. Regulations of the gene expression in treatments with stress/defense signal molecules were ana-lyzed by Northern blot. Water deficit and Pyricularia grisea increased the expression of RH3 while ABA down-regulated the gene. The enhanced accumulation of RH3 transcripts in the vascular bundle and short cell of stem after BPH feeding was revealed by RNA in situ hybridization. It is the first time to report that RH3 is correlated with the response of rice to BPH.

内源性电场调控抗菌离子传输以提高植入材料抗菌性能

组织植入材料相关感染是临床治疗的一大顽疾,基于抗菌离子释放系统的抗菌植入材料是经济高效的抗生素治疗替代手段.但过量释放的抗菌离子在杀灭细菌的同时也可能引起生物毒性.因此,如何提高释放离子的抗菌效率是急需解决的根本问题.本研究设计了一种负载低剂量抗菌离子的铁电植入材料,该植入材料表面电势可在不改变自身成份的前提下通过外源电场极化进行调控.研究发现上述铁电植入材料释放的抗菌离子将在植入材料自身与带电细菌之间形成的内源性电场作用下定向输运到达细菌.研究结果表明在12 h内,高表面电势植入材料向细菌输运的离子量达到低表面电势植入材料输运量的2.4倍,从而使抗菌效率从65%提高到100%,并展现出较低的细胞毒性.本研究表明植入材料与生命体间的内源性电场在介导物质传输中发挥重要作用,为设计高性能抗菌生物材料提供了一个新的视角.