The landscape and clinical relevance of intronic polyadenylation in human cancers

Intronic polyadenylation(IPA)is an RNA 3'end processing event which has been reported to play important roles in cancer development.However,the comprehensive landscape of IPA events across various cancer types is lacking.Here,we apply IPAFinder to identify and quantify IPA events in 10,383 samples covering all 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)project.We identify a total of 21,835 IPA events,almost half of which are ubiquitously expressed.We identify 2761 unique dynamically changed IPA events across cancer types.Furthermore,we observe 8855 non-redundant clinically relevant IPA events,which could potentially be used as prognostic indicators.Our analysis also reveals that dynamic IPA usage within cancer signaling pathways may affect drug response.Finally,we develop a user-friendly data portal,IPACancer Atlas(http://www.tingni-lab.com/Pancan_IPA),to search and explore IPAs in cancer.

Designing highly transparent cerium doped Y_(2)O_(3) ceramics with high mechanical and thermal properties for UV-shielding in extreme conditions

Ultraviolet(UV)radiation poses risks to both human health and organics.In response to the urgent demand for UV-shielding across various applications,extensive endeavors have been dedicated to developing UV-shielding materials spanning from wide-bandgap semiconductors to organo-inorganic composite films.However,existing UV shielding materials,though suitable for daily use,cannot meet the demands of extreme conditions.In this work,we incorporated CeO_(2)as a UV absorber into Y_(2)O_(3)transparent ceramics for UV-shielding.The effect of CeO_(2)concentration on the optical,mechanical,and thermal properties of Y_(2)O_(3)ceramics was systematically investigated.These findings indicate that CeO_(2)serves not only as a UV absorber but also as an effective sintering aid for Y_(2)O_(3)transparent ceramics.The 5 at%Ce-doped Y_(2)O_(3)transparent ceramics exhibit the optimal optical quality,with in-line transmittance of~77%at 800 nm.The introduction of Ce shifted the UV cutoff edge of Y_(2)O_(3)transparent ceramics from 250 to 375 nm,which was attributed to the visible band absorption of Ce^(4+).This shift grants UV shielding capabilities to Y_(2)O_(3)transparent ceramics,resulting in 100%shielding for ultraviolet C(UVC,100-280 nm)and ultraviolet B(UVB,280-320 nm)and~95%shielding for ultraviolet A(UVA,320-400 nm).The service stability(optical properties)under various corrosive conditions(acid,alkali,UV irradiation,and high temperature)was investigated,confirming the excellent stability of this transparent ceramic UV-shielding material.A comparison of the performance parameters of transparent ceramics with those of traditional UV shielding materials such as glasses,films,and coatings was conducted.Our work provides innovative design concepts and an effective solution for UVshielding materials for extreme conditions.

Welfare Analysis of Tacit Coordination in the U.S. Airline Industry

This paper studies airlines＇ competitive behavior in the U.S. airline in- dustry, focusing on 2014 data. I use a structural model to estimate demand and test several supply models, including noncooperative competition, perfect collusion, and tacit coordination. There are three different types of tacit coordination, formed by multimarket contact, common ownership, and codeshare agreement, respectively. I find that the model that fits the data best is a tacit coordination model with coalitions between airlines with at least 30% of their markets overlapped and using price rather than quantity as the strategic variable. I further analyze the consumer welfare loss, each carrier＇s profit gains, and changes in market variables due to the tacit coordination.