Game-changing insights on vertebral skeletal stem cells in bone metastasis and therapeutic horizons

Greenblatt and his team have unveiled vertebral skeletal stem cells(vSSCs)as a critical player in the landscape of bone metastasis.This commentary delves into the transformative discoveries surrounding vSSCs,emphasizing their distinct role in bone metastasis compared to other stem cell lineages.We illuminate the unique properties and functions of vSSCs,which may account for the elevated susceptibility of vertebral bones to metastatic invasion.Furthermore,we explore the exciting therapeutic horizons opened by this newfound understanding.These include potential interventions targeting vSSCs,modulation of associated signaling pathways,and broader implications for the treatment and management of bone metastasis.By shedding light on these game-changing insights,we hope to pave the way for novel strategies that could revolutionize the prognosis and treatment landscape for cancer patients with metastatic bone disease.

In situ formed LiF-Li_(3)N interface layer enables ultra-stable sulfide electrolyte-based all-solid-state lithium batteries

Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.

光致固液转变型偶氮苯聚合物的合成与光响应性能

偶氮苯聚合物由于其独特的光响应性能在光分子开关、信息存储等领域具有潜在的应用,但偶氮苯顺反异构化转变及光致固液转变的影响因素仍需要更深入的研究。文中设计并合成了4种偶氮苯聚合物,对比了偶氮苯相连的柔性链对其光响应性能的影响。研究发现,引入柔性链段使偶氮苯异构化时间从20 min降到100 s,同时含柔性链段的偶氮苯聚合物具有光致固液转变的能力,而不含柔性链段的偶氮苯聚合物不能发生光致固液转变。

基于转录组数据的网络分析挖掘鼻咽癌与口腔鳞癌的共享功能模块

鼻咽癌和口腔鳞癌是两种在临床上高度相关的疾病,从分子层面系统性研究这两种疾病的相互关系却鲜见报道。本研究通过大规模的转录组数据分析识别鼻咽癌和口腔鳞癌的共享功能模块及其核心基因(一因多效模块和基因),以期阐明这两种疾病共享的分子机制。从GEO数据库获取这两种癌症的两套转录组数据,应用倍数法和经验贝叶斯方法筛选出鼻咽癌差异表达基因1279个,口腔鳞癌差异表达基因1293个,其中两者共享基因278个。以共享基因为种子,通过蛋白质-蛋白质互作知识引导构建基因网络,其中最大子网包含1290个基因和1766互作对。应用Newman算法提取了15个共享功能模块。对这些模块进行拓扑学分析,挖掘出58个核心基因,包括已知的与鼻咽癌或口腔鳞癌相关的基因(如PCNA、CDK1、STAT1、CCL5和MMP1等)和鲜有报道的基因(如MELK、NME1、RACGAP1、INHBA和NID1等)。通路富集分析发现鼻咽癌和口腔鳞癌的共享功能模块参与多个生物学通路,包括p53信号通路、ECM受体相互作用、黏着斑、细胞周期等。本研究表明鼻咽癌和口腔鳞癌具有相似的致癌机制,所挖掘的共享模块可能是这两种疾病演化的核心分子相互作用机制。

植物酚型生物基环氧树脂研究进展

随着人们环保意识的增强,生物基材料得到快速发展。生物基环氧树脂在力学性能和热性能等方面已经平替甚至超过传统的商用环氧树脂,逐渐成为石油产品的替代品。生物基环氧树脂的开发减少了对石油资源的消耗并降低了对环境的影响,因而成为近些年来研究的热点。文中综述了国内外最近几年基于植物酚,如腰果酚、丁香酚、厚朴酚、香草醛等合成生物基环氧树脂方面的研究进展,并在此基础上进行了总结和展望。

Filler Size Effect on Tuning Electrical,Mechanical,and Thermal Properties of Field Grading Composites

field-grading composite with a low switching field,stable nonlinear conductivity performance,and excellent mechanical and thermal properties was prepared by using hybrid ZnO micro-spherical varistors of different particle sizes as the fillers and silicone rubber as the matrix.The hybrid effects of particle size on the electrical,mechanical,and thermal properties of ZnO micro-spherical varistors composites are investigated.An increase in the ZnO micro-spherical varistor size in the composites will lower the switching field but lead to degradation of the mechanical properties and stability of the nonlinear conductivity properties.The silicone rubber is incorporated with a mixture of hybrid ZnO micro-spherical varistors of different sizes at an optimal mass ratio range exhibited low switching field,stable nonlinear conductivity performance,and excellent mechanical and thermal properties.Our findings are helpful to comprehensively regulate performance of advanced field-grading materials and increase stability and durability of electronic and electrical devices.

Type I photosensitizer based on AIE chromophore tricyano-methylene-pyridine for photodynamic therapy

Image guided photodynamic therapy(PDT)combines fluorescence tracing and phototherapy,which can achieve a more accurate and effective treatment effect.However,traditional photosensitizers are limited by the aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching(ACQ)effect and low reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in a hypoxic environment,resulting in poor imaging and treatment effect.Herein,we report a tricyano-methylene-pyridine(TCM)-based Type I aggregation-induced emission(AIE)photosensitizer(TCM-MBP),the strong elec-tron acceptance(D-A)effect extends the wavelength to near-infrared(NIR)region to reduce the autofluorescence interference,and oxygen atoms provide lone pair electrons to enhance the inter system crossing(ISC)rate,thereby promoting the generation of more triplet states to produce ROS.The AIE photosensitizer TCM-MBP exhibited low oxygen dependence,NIR emission,and higher ROS production compared to commercially avail-able Ce_(6) and RB.After encapsulation with DSPE-PEG 2000,TCM-MBP nanoparticles(TCM-MBP NPs)could penetrate to visualize cells and efficiently kill cancer cells upon light irradiation.This study provides an oxygen-independent AIE photosensitizer,which has great potential to replace the commercial ACQ photosensitizers.

An Improved String-Searching Algorithm and Its Application in Component Security Testing

Mass monitor logs are produced during the process of component security testing. In order to mine the explicit and implicit security exception information of the tested component, the log should be searched for keyword strings. However, existing string-searching algorithms are not very efficient or appropriate for the operation of searching monitor logs during component security testing. For mining abnormal information effectively in monitor logs, an improved string-searching algorithm is proposed. The main idea of this algorithm is to search for the first occurrence of a character in the main string. The character should be different and farther from the last character in the pattern string. With this algorithm, the backward moving distance of the pattern string will be increased and the matching time will be optimized. In the end, we conduct an experimental study based on our approach, the results of which show that the proposed algorithm finds strings in monitor logs 11.5% more efficiently than existing approaches.

Design of adaptive bushing based on field grading materials

Electrical bushings,as important power system components,are critical to the reliability of power systems.The capacitance-graded bushing is a type of high voltage bushing that is most commonly used in current power systems.However,the limitations of and problems with capacitance-graded bushings are exposed when the operating voltage level increases.A new direct current wall bushing with adaptive field grading materials is proposed,based on the core features of the problem that the bushing is intended to solve.The main insulation structure of the proposed DC wall bushing with adaptive field grading materials comprises three parts:a field grading layer,a current limiting layer and an electrode extension layer.The proposed bushing has characteristics that include a simple structure,small size and environmental friendliness,and it also meets the re-quirements of existing power systems.The proposed bushing also conforms to the intended development direction for future power equipment and will aid in the devel-opment of power systems for operation at higher voltages.

Pathway-based Analysis of the Hidden Genetic Heterogeneities in Cancers

Many cancers apparently showing similar phenotypes are actually distinct at the molecular level,leading to very different responses to the same treatment.It has been recently demonstrated that pathway-based approaches are robust and reliable for genetic analysis of cancers.Nevertheless,it remains unclear whether such function-based approaches are useful in deciphering molecular heterogeneities in cancers.Therefore,we aimed to test this possibility in the present study.First,we used a NCI60 dataset to validate the ability of pathways to correctly partition samples.Next,we applied the proposed method to identify the hidden subtypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）.Finally,the clinical significance of the identified subtypes was verified using survival analysis.For the NCI60 dataset,we achieved highly accurate partitions that best fit the clinical cancer phenotypes.Subsequently,for a DLBCL dataset,we identified three hidden subtypes that showed very different 10-year overall survival rates （90％,46％ and 20％） and were highly significantly （P =0.008） correlated with the clinical survival rate.This study demonstrated that the pathwaybased approach is promising for unveiling genetic heterogeneities in complex human diseases.

Recent progress of traditional Chinese medical science based on theory of biophoton

With the development of biophotonics, bio- photon detection technology has been appropriately used. In this paper, the main features and fundamental concep- tions of biophotonics were introduced basically. Then the coherence theory of biophoton emission was reviewed. Furthermore, based on this coherence concept, the quantum theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and properties of Chinese medicinal herbs were presented. To show the nature of biophoton emission in living systems and clarify its basic detection mechanism, high sensitive detection system which allows non-invasive and non-destructive （or less） recording was finally presented.

Spatiotemporal Visualization of Cell Membrane with Amphiphilic Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Sensor

High-fidelity spatiotemporal monitoring of the cell membrane is critically important.However,commercial fluorescence probes are stalked by the aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect,and the reported aggregation-induced emission(AIE)-active probes are always limited by nonspecific aggregations in the biological environment.Herein,we report the rational molecular design of a stateof-the-art amphiphilic AIE luminogen(AIEgen),membrane tracker QMC12,using a core quinolinemalononitrile(QM)structure to suppress the ACQ effect,incorporate a positively charged pyridinium to regulate dispersity and strengthen the binding affinity to the negatively charged cell membrane,and extend the alky chain to improve the anchoring ability to the cell membrane.The membrane tracker QMC12,which disperses well in both hydrophilic and lipophilic environments,not only achieves minimal background interference and high signal-to-noise(S/N)ratio in the“ultrafast”visualization of the cell membrane,but also endows a“wash-free”characteristic.Furthermore,it realizes a spatial three dimensional(3D)view in a multicellular spheroid model and morphology changes over time.Moreover,QMC12 avoids false staining and signal loss and unprecedentedly achieves the direct observation of the cell membrane’s microstructure,which could elucidate spatiotemporal 3D model studies of the intercellular information exchange.

An AIE-based enzyme-activatable fluorescence indicator for Western blot assay:Quantitative expression of proteins with reproducible stable signal and wide linear range

Western blot is a commonly used experimental method to analyze the protein expression.However,the most commonly used chromogenic indicator based on chemiluminescence is limited by narrow linear range and unstable quantitative reproducibility,whereas the recently developed fluorescent indicator suffers from poor detection limit.Herein,we report an enzyme-activatable fluorescence indicator to quantify proteins with reproducible stable signal and wide linear range,through introducing the hydrophilic alkaline phosphatase(ALP)-triggered phosphoric acid moiety into our established aggregation-induced emission(AIE)building block of quinoline-malononitrile(QM).In this strategy,the indicator DQM-ALP disperses well in both aqueous and lipid environments to exhibit initial“off”fluorescence,but when exposing to the ALP-coupled secondary antibody on the PVDF membrane,the specific enzymatic turnover would liberate hydrophobic AIE luminogen(AIEgen)QM-OH to emit strong luminescence,thereby achieving an ideal“off-on”state for sensitively imaging proteins with high signal-to-noise(S/N)ratio.Moreover,benefiting from the excellent signal stability of AIE fluorophore,DQM-ALP indicator exhibits superior quantitative analysis of protein expression with high reproducibility.Upon taking advantage of the AIEgens to reduce high concentration-induced luminance quenching,the linear quantification range is extremely expanded.In contrast with the traditional chemiluminescent indicator,the AIE-based enzymeactivatable indicator DQM-ALP not only greatly improves the signal stability for quantitative reproducibility,but also expands the linear quantification range,and further provides a practical alternative reagent for fluorescence Western blot assay.