公共管理视角下的中国危机管理研究(2012—2016):进展与反思

论文梳理了近五年(2012—2016)公共管理视角下的中国危机管理研究文献,并与前一个五年(2007—2011)进行对比分析,旨在描述领域研究现状和发展趋势,并指出未来发展方向。在筛选出349篇中文期刊文献后,采用定性和定量方法相结合开展分析。分析结果表明:在危机阶段方面,相比于前一个五年,近五年对危机前和危机全过程的研究均有所减少,但前者仍占最大比重,对危机后的研究依然最少;在危机前研究中,应急管理机制和体系最受关注;在研究类型方面,应然类研究占比有所下降,但仍然最高,理论检验类文章显著增多;研究事件类型方面变化不大,仍以一般危机事件和社会安全事件为主,公共卫生事件次之,自然灾害、事故灾难研究较少。整体来看,近年来危机管理研究呈现出学术共同体更加健全、主题更加细化、研究方法更加规范化的特点,然而对危机和危机管理现象的意涵和规律的探讨有待进一步深化。

Prevalence of HIV Indeterminate Western Blot Tests and Follow-up of HIV Antibody Sero-Conversion in Southeastern China

HIV-indeterminate Western blotting(WB)results are typically obtained in WB confirmatory assays,and the number of indeterminate samples may increase with the detection of HIV infections,which will present considerable challenges for the management of HIV/AIDS.Nucleic acid detection has been used as a laboratory test for screening suspected or indeterminate samples.However,the effectiveness of these assays for the differential diagnosis of HIV-indeterminate WB samples remained undetermined.In this study,210 subjects with HIV-indeterminate WB results were detected from 6360 positive HIV screening samples between 2015 and 2016 in southeastern China,in which HIV-indeterminate WB results accounted for 3.30%.The highest proportion of indeterminate results was observed in pregnant and lying-in women receiving physical examinations(16.67%),followed by that in voluntary blood donors(8.82%).The most common WB band patterns were p24,gpl60 and p24,and gpl60.The follow-up study revealed that the highest negative and positive conversion rates of HIV antibodies were in samples with a single p24 band(80.28%),and with gpl60 and p24 bands(86.21%),respectively.Among the Env,Gag,and Pol antibodies,samples with a Gag band showed the highest negative conversion rate(81.25%),whereas the highest positive conversion rate was observed in samples with an Env band(56.76%).In addition,quantitative and qualitative HIV nucleic acid testing exhibited the highest sensitivity(96.3%)and specificity(97.85%),respectively.Our results indicate a lower proportion of HIV indeterminate WB results in southeastern China compared to previous reports,and the follow-up re-examination of patients with HIV indeterminate results should be performed.Nucleic acid testing facilitates the identification of HIV infections.

Linear dichroism and polarization controllable persistent spin helix in two-dimensional ferroelectric ZrOI_(2) monolayer

Two-dimensional ferroelectric(2D-FE)materials that characterize the spontaneous ferroelectricity down to monolayer limit and rich ferroic properties arising from FE orderings,have been extensively explored as low-dimensional sensor,electric and memory devices.In current work,group-IV transition metal oxide dihalide MOX_(2)(M=Zr and Hf,X=Cl,Br and I)monolayers have been identified as a new group of 2D-FE materials.Using the comprehensive first-principles calculations combined with finite temperature Monte Carlo(MC)and ab initio molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,we investigate the temperature stability of FE polarization and further uncover the unique properties associated with spontaneous ferroelectricity of MOX_(2) monolayers.In particular,ZrOI_(2) monolayer,a promising 2D-FE material with room temperature stable ferroelectricity,semiconducting electronic structure and optoelectronic response under visible light,offers an ideal material platform to investigate the coupling of intrinsic anisotropy,optical absorption selectivity and spin degree of freedom with 2D ferroelectricity.Typically,significant optical absorption anisotropy and giant linear dichroism effect are predicted for a 2D optical polarizer device based on ZrOI_(2) monolayer,where the adsorption of incident monochromatic linearly polarized light(hv=3.23 eV)along two planar directions with a nearly 100%optical selectivity can be achieved.Moreover,the spin–orbit coupling(SOC)induced spin splitting of valence band edges and out-of-plane textured spin configuration occur in ZrOI_(2) monolayer.In the meanwhile,the unidirectional spin–orbit field protected by C2v wave-vector point group can further create the persistent spin helix(PSH)state,leading to the extraordinarily long spin carrier lifetime.More importantly,the nonvolatile control of PSH state via the electric field induced polarization reversal has also been demonstrated for FE-ZrOI_(2) monolayer,which manifests as a great advantage for applications of ZrOI_(2) as the lowdimensional spin-field effect transistor and all-electric spintronics devices.

A preliminary study on effect of carbon ion radiotherapy on bone marrow suppression

Objective:To explore the effect of carbon ion radiotherapy(CIRT)on the bone marrow adjacent to or within the treatment fields,and to observe the bone marrow toxicities after CIRT alone.Methods:Twenty-one patients with malignant tumors of different body parts and treated with CIRT in Heavy Ion Center,Wuwei Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.The data of white blood cells,neutrophils,hemoglobin,platelets,lymphocytes and globulin before treatment,7,14 and 28 d during treatment,and 1 and 3 months after treatment were collected.Hematological toxicities were measured according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE,Version 4.03)criteria.Dose-volume histogram parameters were obtained for all patients and analyzed for their correlation with myelosuppression.Univariate analysis was performed for patients’sex,age group,tumor site,radiation dose,and Karnofsky performance score(KPS)was used as an independent factor to find predictors factors for the risk of myelosuppression.Results:CIRT minimized the dose radiated to the bone marrow.Overall,volume receiving 3 GyE(V3)or more of the bone marrow were less than 0.5%,especially V5 less than 0.1%.No patients treated with carbon ion radiotherapy developed grade III or IV myelosuppression.Seven patients(33.3%)developed grade I myelosuppression and one patient(4.8%)developed grade II myelosuppression,and most of them showed reduced white blood cell counts.There were no significant differences in hemoglobin and globulin levels before and after CIRT.Univariate analysis did not find any statistically significant predictors for myelosuppression.Conclusions:CIRT is effective in preserving bone marrow function regardless of tumor site.Patients receiving CIRT alone have a low incidence of grade III myelosuppression and a mild effect on globulins.There was no significant correlation between occurrence of myelosuppression and the dose and site irradiated by CIRT.

Measuring the Imbalance of Regional Development from Outer Space in China

We develop a statistical framework to use the data of night-time-lights(DN)from satellite to augment official GDP measures,and a non-linear substitution relationship between DN and GDP is given.In this paper,we take advantage of DN instead of GDP to measure the imbalance of regional development(IRD)in China by using the method of bi-dimensional decomposition under the population-weighted coefficient of variation.The method enables us to analyze the contributions of DN components to within-region and between-regions inequality under the framework which has been proposed,we can get the conclusion that the imbalance between-regions rather than within-region is the main reason for the influence of IRD for the whole country in China.