Self-incompatibility Characteristics of 34 Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang

[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-incompatibility strength and characteristics related to pollination and fertilization of different apricot varieties in Xinjiang. [ Method] The pollen amount, pollen germination rate, pollen tube growth status and fruiting setting rate by self-pollina- tion of 34 apricot cultivars in Xinjiang were determined, to analyze the self-incompatibility of different apricot cultivars. [ Result] The average pollen amount per anther of 34 apricot eultivars was 1 213.7, and the average pollen germination rate was 46.0%. There were great differences in the self-incompatlbility of different cuhivars ; most pollen tubes of the euhivars with high self-incompatibility stopped elongating at 1/3 or 1/2 part of the styles, and only a few pollen tubes of the euhivars with low self-incompatibility reached the ovary, and the normal fertilization ratio was significantly lower than that in self-compatible cultivars. [ Conclusion] Among the 34 apricot cuhivars, only 6 cuhivars were self-compatible and the others exhibited gametophyte self-incompatibility. In addition, the fruit setting rate by self-pollination was low.

Optimization of spatial layouts for underground facilities to achieve carbon neutrality in cities:A multi-agent system model

Subways,underground logistics systems and underground parking,as the primary facilities types of underground,contribute significantly to the achievement of carbon–neutral cities by moving surface transportation to underground,thereby releasing surface space for the creation of more urban blue-green space for carbon sink.Therefore,in-depth studies on carbon neutrality strategies as well as reliable layout optimization solutions of these three types of underground facilities are required.This study proposes a spatial layout optimization strategy for carbon neutrality using underground hydrogen storage and geothermal energy for these three types of underground facilities employing a multi-agent system model.First,three spatial layout relationships,competition,coordination,and followership,between five underground facilities that contribute to emission reduction were investigated.Second,the implementation steps for optimizing the spatial layout of underground facilities were determined by defining the behavioral guidelines for spatial environment,underground facility,and synergistic agent.Finally,using the Tianfu New District in Chengdu City,China,as a case study,layouts of underground facilities under three different underground space development scenarios were simulated to verify the model.The findings of this study address the gap in the research on underground spatial facilities and their layout optimization in response to emission reduction.This study provided a significant reference for the study of underground space and underground resources at the planning level to aid in achieving carbon–neutral cities.