Polyaniline/AgCl Hybrid Materials for Selective Determination of Dopamine by Electrochemical Methods

A promising electrochemical sensor based on PANI/AgCl hybrid material has been developed. The organic/inorganic hybrid material has exhibited good electrocatalytic properties by cyclic voltammetry measurement and differential pulse voltammetry. The oxidation overpotential of dopamine decreased dramatically, and the oxidation peak current increased significantly at PANI/AgCl/GCE compared to those obtained at PANI/GCE, AgCl/GCE and bare GCE, corresponding to the synergistic effect between PANI and inorganic particle AgCl. Under the optimized conditions, the linear response in the concentration range of 0.7 to 6.0 μM for the selective determination dopamine on the PANI/AgCl/GCE is obtained with a detection limit of 5.4 × 10–8 M (S/N = 3) using differential pulse voltammetry. The results indicated that the modified electrode can be used to determine dopamine without the interference from ascorbic acid and ensure high sensitivity and good selectivity.

Risk factors for post-operative delirium in elderly Chinese patients

Objective:The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the risk factors for post-operative delirium(PD)in elderly patients in an effort to provide a basis for developing relevant clinical interventions in China.Methods:All published studies focusing on the risk factors for PD among elderly patients in Wanfant Data,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and VIP were collected accord-ing to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study.A meta-analysis was performed on case-control studies using RevMan5.2 software,and the incidence of PD risk factors was calculated among case series.Results:Sixteen studies,including 8 case-control studies and 8 case series,were included in the current study.There were 353 cases and 2008 controls in the case-control studies.The pooled odds ratios(95%CI)of PD risk factors were as follows:hypoxemia,2.58(1.59~4.18);pulmonary infection,4.51(2.23~9.13);hypertension,2.16(1.20~3.89);coronary heart disease,1.50(0.82~2.73);post-operative pain,3.18(1.63~6.20);general anesthesia,3.64(0.94~14.11);operative time,1.70(0.79~3.66);and senility,0.52(-0.25~1.29).The meta-analysis showed that hypoxemia,pulmonary infection,hypertension,coronary heart disease,post-operative pain,gen-eral anesthesia,operative time,and senility were significant risk factors for PD.There were 404 cases in the case series,and the incidence of hypoxemia,hypertension,general anesthesia,dia-betes mellitus,senility,coronary heart disease,pulmonary infection,and cerebrovascular disease was 62.62%,55.90%,33.7%,24.8%,16.58%,15.3%,13.9%,and 12.1%,respectively,which was much higher than other risk factors.Conclusion:Senility,hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes mellitus,pulmonary infection,hypoxemia,post-operative pain,and general anesthesia are significant risk factors for PD among elderly Chinese patients.