高校数字素养教育的观念更新与实践创新

培养学生数字素养是数字化时代赋予高等教育的应尽职责,也是高等教育数字化转型的内在要求。当前,高校数字素养教育亟待突破对图书馆信息素养教育模式的依赖,而实现这一突破的策略在于观念更新与实践创新。观念更新即清晰理解数字素养概念的超越性和综合性,其超越性主要体现为对批判性信息分析能力和创造性信息生产能力的重视,其综合性则体现为内涵的多元性、框架的异质性和类型的多样性。实践创新即实施“多方协作·分层培养·形式多样”的数字素养教育新模式。“多方协作”指的是由利益相关者即高校、企业和政府三方共同承担;“分层培养”指的是按照教育对象和教育目标的不同层次开展数字素养教育;“形式多样”强调三种创新形式的实施,即融入学科课程、开展项目式学习和创办创客空间。

Westerlies Affecting the Seasonal Variation of Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau Induced by Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal

This study investigates the activity of tropical cyclones(TCs)in the Bay of Bengal(BOB)from 1979 to 2018 to discover the mechanism affecting the contribution rate to the meridional moisture budget anomaly(MMBA)over the southern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau(SBTP).May and October–December are the bimodal phases of BOB TC frequency,which decreases month by month from October to December and is relatively low in May.However,the contribution rate to the MMBA is the highest in May.The seasonal variation in the meridional position of the westerlies is the key factor affecting the contribution rate.The relatively southern(northern)position of the westerlies in November and December(May)results in a lower(higher)contribution rate to the MMBA.This mechanism is confirmed by the momentum equation.When water vapor enters the westerlies near the trough line,the resultant meridional acceleration is directed north.It follows that the farther north the trough is,and the farther north the water vapor can be transported.When water vapor enters the westerlies from the area near the ridge line,for Type-T(Type-R)TCs,water vapor enters the westerlies downstream of the trough(ridge).Consequently,the direction of the resultant meridional acceleration is directed south and the resultant zonal acceleration is directed east(west),which is not conducive to the northward transport of water vapor.This is especially the case if the trough or ridge is relatively south,as the water vapor may not cross the SBTP.

The beneficial effects of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) on diet-induced obesity in mice are related to the modulation of gut microbiota composition

The gut is home to a large number of intestinal microbiota that play an important role in the metabolism and immune system of the host.A growing body of evidence suggests that a high-fat diet is closely associated with many metabolic disorders,including fatty liver and type 2 diabetes.According to reports,Tartary buckwheat extract has a positive effect on intestinal microbiota in animals.The effects of Tartary buckwheat on biochemical indexes and intestinal microflora in mice were studied.Tartary buckwheat protein(FGP),Tartary buckwheat resistant starch(FGS)and Tartary buckwheat flour(FGF)alleviated organ damage in mice and lowered the atherosclerotic index(AI)in plasma.Otherwise,principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed that intestinal bacterial structure of FGF were separated apparently from other groups.The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)value of the high-fat(HF)-FGF group was significantly lower than that of the HF-FGP and HF-FGS groups.FGF significantly increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium,while decreasing the abundance of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-producing bacteria.Observation of blood lipid metabolism parameters and analysis of the intestinal microbiota suggested that FGF can be more effective than FGP and FGS to reduce the effects of a high-fat diet in mice,restoring the blood parameters to values similar of those in mice fed a low-fat diet.FGF may be used to prevent or treat blood lipid metabolism disorders and intestinal microbiota disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Karacoline,identified by network pharmacology, reduces degradation of the extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc degeneration via the NF-κB signaling pathway

Karacoline is a compound found in the plant Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.Although Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb is widely used for the treatment of pain,very few studies have been carried out on the use of karacoline due to its potential toxicity.In this study,we selected key matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),collagen II,and aggrecan as targets due to their association with intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Using these targets,we then used network pharmacology to predict a series of molecules that might exert therapeutic effects on IDD.Of these molecules,karacoline was predicted to have the best effect.Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a is known to promote the degeneration of the extracellular matrix in IDD.We therefore applied different concentrations of karacoline(0,1.25,or 12.88 mM)along with 100 ng/mL TNF-a to rat nucleus pulposus cells and found that karacoline reduced the expression of MMP-14 in IDD by inhibiting the nuclear factor(NF)-κB pathway,while collagen II and aggrecan expression was increased.This suggested that extracellular matrix degradation was inhibited by karacoline(P<0.05).Our data therefore reveal a new clinical application of karacoline and provide support for the use of network pharmacology in predicting novel drugs.

Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn)protein-derived antioxidant peptides:mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationship in Caco-2 cell models

Excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)can cause oxidative damage and lead to various metabolic disease.Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn)is a new kind of protein-rich functional food,the protein in which has been proved to have good antioxidant capacity.In this study,in order to further explore the antioxidant mechanism of Tartary buckwheat protein,4 peptides(CR-8,LR-8,GK-10 and SR-12)were isolated and identified from it.H2 O2 was used to induce oxidative damage to Caco-2 cells to evaluate antioxidant capacity of these peptides.The results of superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and mitochondrial membrane potential etc.showed that these peptides have superior antioxidant capacity.CR-8 has the best antioxidant capacity.In order to further clarify the antioxidant mechanism of CR-8,metabolomics was used to analyze related metabolites and metabolic pathways.The results showed that after CR-8 intervention,the content of metabolites such as L-acetyl carnitine has increased.This indicated that CR-8 can improve the antioxidant capacity of damaged cells by intervening in multiple metabolic pathways.This also revealed the anti-oxidant mechanism of tartary buckwheat protein.In conclusion,it provided a theoretical basis for further studying the activity of tartary buckwheat portein and utilizing buckwheat resources.

Effects of ultra-high-pressure treatment on the structural and functional properties of buckwheat 13S globulin

Components with strong adsorption capacity for cholates from buckwheat proteins were screened, separated and purified by several methods, and the effects of ultra-high-pressure(UHP) on the structure and function of buckwheat 13S globulin(BW13SG) were studied. Samples were treated by UHP at different p H(3.0 and 7.0) value(s) and at 100–500 MPa for 10–30 min. The results showed that the tertiary structure of BW13SG was partially denatured and aggregated. The decrease in the unordered structure indicated that UHP resulted in a looser secondary structure of BW13SG. UHP treatment also increased solubility, emulsion activity and stability, foaming capacity and stability. The samples treated at 500 MPa, p H 3.0 for 30 min had the most enhanced functionality. Moreover, under this condition, the sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate adsorption capacities of BW13SG were both higher than 98% and the adsorption capacity of sodium taurocholate, which can be difficult to adsorb, was higher than 60%.

Morphological differences of hindlimb levers between wild and farmed American mink(Neovison vison)and implications for reintroduction of mustelids

Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered species.Pre-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction survival.However,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and adults.This study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for locomotion.Results showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the wild.Captive-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for females.These findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in adulthood.In contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter durations.Our results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.

一类函数方程的周期性

本文针对函数方程f(x+T)f(x) =af(x+T)+bf(x)+c分别获得f(x)是周期为2T、3T、4T函数的充分条件,推广了已有结论。

利妥昔单抗治疗非亲缘脐血干血细胞移植后并发免疫性血小板减少症1例报道(英文)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Secondary ITP can be a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and represent a lymphoproliferative disorder. A boy with chronic graft-versus-host disease after cord blood stem cell transplantation who had severe refractory immune-mediated thrombocytopenia received infusion of rituximab weekly, 375 mg/m2, for 4 weeks. Platelets count of the patient was recovered, and rituximab was well tolerated with no severe toxicity observed during treatment.

“以考促练+翻转课堂”混合式教学模式在实验教学中的改革探索——以无机化学第一次实验教学为例

通过尝试“以考促练+翻转课堂”混合式教学模式(以下简称:以考促练翻转教学模式)对我校大一新生化工类专业的无机化学实验课堂教学进行了探索改革,并从实验现状、改革思路、项目设置、实施办法、认知层次、评价方式、效果以及应注意的问题等对第一次实验的实践探索进行了阐述。在翻转课堂的基础上辅助“以考促练”,不仅体现了教学的“输入”,也保证了教学的“输出”。

学科数字素养概念分析:基于一种进化论的方法

学科数字素养是数字素养概念被置于高等教育背景中而派生出的一个新概念,也是适应互联网数字新时代对人才培养新要求而生成的一个新概念。立足于一种进化论的概念分析法对学科数字素养概念展开的研究,旨在通过分析使用该概念的代表性文本,揭示该概念进化历程并提炼其核心要素。经由基于扎根理论的文本内容梳理和数据编码发现,学科数字素养概念源于针对数字素养概念不断深化的研究,并历经近20年数字人文研究和不同学科数字素养教育探讨而被建构,其进化特征表现为从分散到整合且与邻近概念学科信息素养存在竞争关系;学科数字素养概念包含四大核心要素,即学科数字技术、学科数字知识、学科数字能力和学科数字态度。学科数字素养概念将保持开放和动态的发展趋势,并将成为一个具有学科交叉特色的高等教育学理论研究新领域。

21世纪以来蕨类植物研究论文的发表情况:基于Web of Science的数据统计

蕨类植物是地球上起源最为古老的维管植物,在陆生植物演化中具有重要意义。本文通过Web of Science核心数据库(Core Collection)对目前所有关于"fern"、"lycophyte"、"pteridophyte"、"pteridophyta"等的科研论文进行了分析。结果表明:(1) 2000年后,蕨类植物论文数量增加迅速,特别是2006年以来增加显著,现在年均已突破600篇;(2)2010年以来的以蕨类植物为研究材料和对象的学科和研究领域变得越来越多元化,多学科结合和交叉的研究方向成为新趋势;(3)中国正在成为蕨类植物研究的热点国家并且成果显著;(4)中国蕨类植物研究在快速发展的同时也出现了各研究机构之间的发展不同步。期望本论文能给蕨类植物的相关研究提供新的方向,为中国蕨类植物工作者提供借鉴。

Impact of municipal solid waste incineration on heavy metals in the surrounding soils by multivariate analysis and lead isotope analysis

Municipal solid waste(MSW) incineration has become an important anthropogenic source of heavy metals(HMs) to the environment. However, assessing the impact of MSW incineration on HMs in the environment, especially soils, can be a challenging task because of various HM sources. To investigate the effect of MSW incineration on HMs in soils, soil samples collected at different distances from four MSW incinerators in Shanghai, China were analyzed for their contents of eight HMs(antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper,lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc) and lead(Pb) isotope ratios. Source identification and apportionment of HMs were accomplished using principal component analysis and Pb isotope analysis. Results indicated that the relatively high contents of cadmium, lead,antimony, and zinc in the soils at 250 m and 750–1250 m away from the MSW incinerators were related to MSW incineration, while the elevated contents of the other four HMs were associated with other anthropogenic activities. Based on Pb isotope analysis, the contribution ratio of MSW incineration(which had been operated for more than 14 years)to the accumulation of Pb in soil was approximately 10% on average, which was lower than coal combustion only. Incinerator emissions of Pb could have a measurable effect on the soil contamination within a limited area(≤1500 m).

Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Humoral Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients from Hospitalization to Convalescence Over Six Months

Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection,the protection period of vaccination and the possibility of building an active herd immunity.This retrospective cohort study included 172 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan.A total of404 serum samples were obtained over six months from hospitalization to convalescence.Antibodies in the specimens were quantitatively analyzed by the capture chemiluminescence immunoassays(CLIA).All patients were positive for the anti-SARS-Co V-2 Ig M/Ig G at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms,and the Ig G antibody persisted in all the patients during the convalescence.However,only approximately 25%of patients can detect the Ig M antibodies,Ig M against N protein(NIg M)and receptor binding domain of S protein(RBD-Ig M)at the 27 th week.The titers of Ig M,N-Ig M and RBD-Ig M reduced to 16.7%,17.6%and 15.2%of their peak values respectively.In contrast,the titers of Ig G,N-Ig G and RBD-Ig G peaked at 4–5 th week and reduced to 85.9%,62.6%and 87.2%of their peak values respectively at the end of observation.Dynamic behavior of antibodies and their correlation in age,gender and severity groups were investigated.In general,the COVID-19 antibody was sustained at high levels for over six months in most of the convalescent patients.Only a few patients with antibody reducing to an undetectable level which needs further attention.The humoral immune response against SARS-Co V-2 infection in COVID-19 patients exhibits a typical dynamic of acquired immunity.