稀土高熵氧化物用于能源和环境催化

随着工业技术的快速发展,能源短缺与环境污染问题日益凸显,对人类生活和社会经济发展造成了严重影响.在这一背景下,加速能源系统转型、积极开发与利用可再生能源变得至关重要,成为当前研究领域的热点.同时,消除环境中的有毒有害物质也具有较高的研究价值,对维护生态平衡和人类健康具有重要意义.催化技术因在去除污染物和能源转换方面具有巨大的应用潜力而备受关注.其中,高熵氧化物因其具有多样可调的晶体结构和丰富的表面活性位点,展现出较好的催化性能,从而备受研究者关注.此外,稀土元素因以其相近的离子半径、独特的电子轨道和可变的氧化态,常被用作高熵氧化物的组成元素.通过引入稀土元素,可以有效改善高熵氧化物的结构和性能.近年来,稀土高熵氧化物在催化应用中取得较多的研究成果,然而却缺少对该方面工作系统全面的综述.本文旨在系统总结稀土高熵氧化物的结构特点、合成方法及其在催化领域的应用,以期为该领域的进一步发展提供有益的参考.本文从结构、合成及应用等方面,对稀土高熵氧化物在催化领域的研究进展进行了总结.首先,详细介绍了钙钛矿型、萤石型和烧绿石型三种类型稀土高熵氧化物的结构特征,并探讨了结构对催化反应过程的重要影响.研究表明,多组分的高熵效应保证了单相固溶体的形成和高温下的催化稳定性,而晶格畸变效应则促进了氧空位等活性位点的形成,进而提升了催化活性.复杂多变的晶体结构导致了离子扩散延迟,这也使得高熵材料在催化过程中具有优异稳定性.此外,揭示了多种元素间的协同作用对催化性能的提升作用.值得一提的是,非等摩尔金属成分也可形成高熵氧化物,为稀土高熵氧化物研究开辟了新的方向.其次,讨论了稀土高熵氧化物的合成方法,主要包括固相反应合成法、喷雾热解法、化学共沉淀法和溶液燃烧法,合成方法的选择和优化对于建立高熵系统至关重要.目前,众多简单快速的合成方法已取代耗时耗力的合成过程,为稀土高熵氧化物的制备提供了便利.最后,重点概述了稀土高熵氧化物在电催化、热催化和光催化中的应用进展,并详细介绍了多元素可调材料对反应活性的影响.同时,指出了稀土高熵氧化物未来发展所面临的挑战,并提出了相应的应对策略,以期为高熵系统的理论研究提供有力支撑.综上,稀土高熵氧化物因其复杂结构而展现出丰富的潜在催化反应性能,具有巨大的应用潜力.未来研究可以加强开发设计、精准调控结构以及深入分析反应机理,从而提升高熵氧化物的催化性能.希望本文能够为稀土高熵氧化物催化体系研究提供有益的参考.

Surgical intervention combined with weight-bearing walking training promotes recovery in patients with chronic spinal cord injury:a randomized controlled study

For patients with chronic spinal cord injury,the co nventional treatment is rehabilitation and treatment of spinal cord injury complications such as urinary tract infection,pressure sores,osteoporosis,and deep vein thrombosis.Surgery is rarely perfo rmed on spinal co rd injury in the chronic phase,and few treatments have been proven effective in chronic spinal cord injury patients.Development of effective therapies fo r chronic spinal co rd injury patients is needed.We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with chronic complete thoracic spinal co rd injury to compare intensive rehabilitation(weight-bearing walking training)alone with surgical intervention plus intensive rehabilitation.This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT02663310).The goal of surgical intervention was spinal cord detethering,restoration of cerebrospinal fluid flow,and elimination of residual spinal cord compression.We found that surgical intervention plus weight-bearing walking training was associated with a higher incidence of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement,reduced spasticity,and more rapid bowel and bladder functional recovery than weight-bearing walking training alone.Overall,the surgical procedures and intensive rehabilitation were safe.American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale improvement was more common in T7-T11 injuries than in T2-T6 injuries.Surgery combined with rehabilitation appears to have a role in treatment of chronic spinal cord injury patients.

AcWRKY28 mediated activation of AcCPK genes confers salt tolerance in pineapple(Ananas comosus)

Unfavorable environmental cues severely affect crop productivity resulting in significant economic losses to farmers. In plants, multiple regulatory genes, such as the WRKY transcription factor (TF) family, modulate the expression of defense genes. However, the role of the pineapple WRKY genes is poorly understood. Here, we studied the pineapple WRKY gene, AcWRKY28, by generating AcWRKY28 over-expressing transgenic pineapple plants. Overexpression of AcWRKY28 enhanced the salt stress resistance in transgenic pineapple lines. Comparative transcriptome analysis of transgenic and wild-type pineapple plants showed that “plant-pathogen interaction” pathway genes, including 9calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs), were up-regulated in AcWRKY28 over-expressing plants. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed AcCPK12, AcCPK3, AcCPK8, AcCPK1, and AcCPK15 as direct targets of AcWRKY28. Consistently, the study of AcCPK12 over-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed that AcCPK12 enhances salt, drought, and disease resistance. This study shows that AcWRKY28 plays a crucial role in promoting salt stress resistance by activating the expression of AcCPK genes.

梳型长短侧链聚羧酸减水剂对水泥早期水化行为的影响及作用机理

调节异戊烯醇聚氧乙烯醚(TPEG)的聚合度及与丙烯酸(AA)的摩尔比,以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)为链转移剂,通过水溶液自由聚合法合成了长侧链聚羧酸(LPCE)、长短侧链聚羧酸(LSPCEs)和短侧链聚羧酸(SPCE)3类梳型聚羧酸减水剂(PCEs)。研究了长短侧链比例对水泥早期水化行为的影响,进一步通过PCEs水溶液聚集形态、吸附性能和引气性能等探讨了长短侧链比例对水泥水化行为影响的作用机理。结果表明,SPCE有利于延缓水泥的早期水化,使水化诱导期延长,这是由于SPCE较LSPCEs和LPCE,在水泥颗粒表面的吸附量更大、吸附层厚度更高所致。加入水泥后,随着短侧链比例的增大,PCEs水溶液的起泡高度有增加趋势,而LPCE水溶液的黏度较大,稳泡性能较LSPCEs和SPCE好。

Loading uniform Ag_(3)PO_(4)nanoparticles on three-dimensional peony-like WO_(3)for good stability and excellent selectivity towards NH_(3)at room temperature

A heterojunction structure design is a very good method for improving the properties of semiconductors in many research fields.This method is employed in the present study to promote the gas-sensing performance of Ag_(3)PO_(4)nanocomposites at room temperature(25℃).A nanocomposite of Ag_(3)PO_(4)nanoparticles and three-dimensional peony-like WO_(3)(WO_(3)/Ag_(3)PO_(4))was successfully prepared by the precipitation method.The crystalline phases were analyzed by xray diffraction and the microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The chemical bonding states were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The gas-sensing performance of WO_(3)/Ag_(3)PO_(4)sensors was systematically explored at room temperature.The composite sensors possessed a higher response and lower detection limit(1 ppm)to NH_(3)than those made of a single type of material;this is ascribed to the synergistic effect achieved by the heterojunction structure.Among the different composite sensors tested,gas sensor A5W5(Ag_(3)PO_(4):WO3mass ratio of 5:5)displayed the highest response to NH_(3)at room temperature.Interestingly,the A5W5 gas sensor exhibited relatively good stability and excellent selectivity to NH_(3).The A5W5 sensor also displayed a relatively good response under high humidity.The gas-sensing mechanism of the WO_(3)/Ag_(3)PO_(4)sensors is explained in detail.Taken together,the as-prepared sensor is highly efficient at detecting NH_(3)and could be suitable for practical applications.In addition,this study also provides a new method for developing Ag_(3)PO_(4)-based sensors in the gas-sensing field.

中药双向发酵液制备及其抗衰老、保湿、美白功效研究

通过对中国灵芝、铁皮石斛、黄精、晚香玉进行双向发酵工艺优化,筛选制备出最优发酵液,利用不同质量分数中药双向发酵液对体外抑制蛋白质非酶糖基化、酪氨酸酶活性抑制、水通道蛋白Aquaporin3(AQP3)含量、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、小鼠黑素B16-F10细胞黑色素含量进行测定。研究结果发现,中药双向发酵液能够显著抑制蛋白质非酶糖基化、酪氨酸酶活性、小鼠B16-F10细胞黑色素含量(P<0.05),并且能够显著清除DPPH和ABTS自由基,促进角质形成细胞AQP3蛋白表达(P<0.01),这为化妆品原料的开发提供了新的方向和数据依据。

Epigenetic modification mechanisms of chloroplasts mutants in pineapple leaves during somatic regeneration

Somaclonal variation in tissue culture is a common phenomenon induced by various external or internal environmental conditions,resulting in heritable or non-heritable alterations in gene expression. One crucial mechanism involved in plant growth and development is epigenetic regulation. A highly dynamic epigenome can respond to environmental changes by regulating gene expression. DNA methylation is one of these epigenetic modifications that can alter gene expression in tissue-cultured pineapple plants. The underlying mechanism of such somaclonal variations in pineapple and the epigenetic regulation involvement in somaclonal variations has not been studied. This study performed DNA methylome and transcriptome sequencing of wild-type(WT) and mutant pineapple plants(WS, HW, and TW). We observed altered DNA methylation patterns in chlorophyll development in the mutants. Specifically, we noticed that the methylation levels in the CHG and CHH contexts were lower in the gene body regions compared to the upstream and downstream regions. We identified several thousand differentially methylated regions(DMRs) located at the gene body regions, some of which overlapped with the differentially expressed genes(DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses suggested that these genes were involved in chlorophyll metabolism. Thus, our results revealed that the transcriptional regulation of many chlorophyll metabolic essential genes could be regulated by DNA methylation caused by somaclonal variations and provided insights into epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of chlorosis in pineapple plants.

Pineapple SWEET10 is a glucose transporter

SWEET transporters are a unique class of sugar transporters that play vital roles in various developmental and physiological processes in plants.While the functions of SWEETs have been well established in model plants such as Arabidopsis,their functions in economically important fruit crops like pineapple have not been well studied.Here we aimed to investigate the substrate specificity of pineapple SWEETs by comparing the protein sequences of known glucose and sucrose transporters in Arabidopsis with those in pineapple.Our genome-wide approach and 3D structure comparison showed that the Arabidopsis SWEET8 homolog in pineapple,AcSWEET10,shares similar sequences and protein properties responsible for glucose transport.To determine the functional conservation of AcSWEET10,we tested its ability to complement glucose transport mutants in yeast and analyzed its expression in stamens and impact on the microspore phenotype and seed set in transgenic Arabidopsis.The results showed that AcSWEET10 is functionally equivalent to AtSWEET8 and plays a critical role in regulating microspore formation through the regulation of the Callose synthase5(CalS5),which highlights the importance of SWEET transporters in pineapple.This information could have important implications for improving fruit crop yield and quality by manipulating SWEET transporter activity.

Mild moxibustion at Tianshu (ST 25) decreases expression of prokineticin-1 and prokineticin receptor-1 in colon tissue of rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia

Prokineticin-1 and prokineticin receptor-1 play important roles in visceral hypersensitivity and in-flammatory pain. Visceral hypersensitivity is closely associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Mild moxibustion can relieve chronic visceral hyperalgesia in rats with irritable bowel syndrome. We hypothesized that prokineticin-1 and prokineticin receptor-1 is the key target in the mechanism. This study established chronic visceral hyperalgesia rat models by colorectal distention. Protein and mRNA expression of prokineticin-1 and prokineticin receptor-1 were determined by immunohisto-chemical method and fluorescence quantitative-PCR, respectively, and were found to be signifi-cantly increased in visceral hyperalgesic rats. Mild moxibustion at Tianshu （ST 25） decreased prokineticin-1 and prokineticin receptor-1 expression in chronic visceral hyperalgesia rats and lessen the chronic visceral hyperalgesia in rats with irritable bowel syndrome at different levels of colorectal distention pressure.

Electroacupuncture at Tianshu (ST 25) for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome using positron emission tomography Changes in visceral sensation center

Previous studies have demonstrated that electroacupuncture therapy is effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. However, the precise mechanism of this therapy is unknown. The present study served to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture therapy on treatment of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. We compared brain activation maps based on the changes of cerebral glucose metabolism obtained by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning under three conditions： resting, rectal balloon distension and rectal balloon distension plus electroacupuncture. Under the resting condition, compared with healthy controls, IBS patients displayed an increasing regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose over a wide range： bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus. However, there was no significant activity in the visceral pain center. Compared with the resting condition, under the rectal balloon distension condition, patients with IBS had a greater regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in the prefrontal cortex, left anterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus and temporal gyrus. Under the rectal balloon distension plus electroacupuncture condition, stimulation by electroacupuncture at Tianshu （ST 25） manifested a decreased regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in the left cingulate gyrus, right insula, right caudate nucleus, fusiform gyrus and hippocampal gyrus. Electroacupuncture therapy relieved abdominal pain, distension or discomfort by decreasing glucose metabolism in the brain.

Analgesic action of suspended moxibustion in rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia correlates with enkephalins in the spinal cord

Rats that modeled chronic visceral hyperalgesia received suspended moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu （ST25） and Shangjuxu （ST37） once daily over a period of 7 days. Results show that suspended moxibustion significantly depressed abdominal withdrawal reflex scores and increased enkephalin concentration in the spinal cord. The experimental findings suggest that spinal enkephalins contributed to the analgesic effect of suspended moxibustion in rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia.

Suspended moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) inhibits prokineticin 1 and prokineticin receptor 1 expression in the spinal cord of rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity

Suspended moxibustion can decrease the expression of prokineticin 1 and its receptor in colonic tissue from rats modeling chronic visceral hyperalgesia. This study aimed to verify if rat spinal cord prokineticin 1 and its receptor contribute to the analgesic effect of suspended moxibustion in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome where rats display chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Results showed that suspended moxibustion at Tianshu （ST25） point significantly decreased visceral sensitivity to colorectal distention in a chronic visceral hyperalgesia rat model; also protein and mRNA expression of prokineticin 1 and prokineticin receptor 1 in the spinal cord of rats was significantly decreased. Experimental findings indicate that prokineticin 1 and prokineticin receptor 1 are involved in the analgesia using suspended moxibustion in rats with chronic visceral

Effects of electroacupuncture on c-Fos expression in the spinal cord and brain of rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity

BACKGROUND： Visceral hypersensitivity is the main cause of irritable bowel syndrome, c-Fos is a marker of visceral hypersensitivity in the central nervous system. Electroacupuncture can relieve chronic visceral hypersensitivity in rats, but the mechanism is still unknown. OBJECTIVE： To identify c-Fos expression in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex of rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity, and to test the effects of electroacupuncture on pain sensitivity in rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Animal E：~perimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from January to April, 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 24 neonatal, male, Sprague Dawley rats, aged five days old, were equally and randomly assigned into a normal group, a model group, and an electroacupuncture group. Rabbit anti-rat c-Fos antibody and Evision secondary antibody kits （Sigma, USA）, diaminobenzidine kit （Dako, Denmark）, and an LD202H electroacupuncture apparatus （Huawei, Beijing, China） were used in this study. METHODS： Neonatal rats from the model and electroacupuncture groups were used to establish rat models of chronic visceral hypersensitivity by the saccule stimulation method. After model establishment, 0.25 mm diameter electric needles were inserted into Tianshu （ST 25） and Shangjuxu （ST37） at a depth of approximately 0.5 cm, with an square wave （alternating current frequency at 100/20 Hz, amplitude ranged 0.2-0.6 ms, intensity at 1 mA） once for 20 minutes, once a day, for seven days. Rats in the normal and model groups were not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following 7 days of treatment, c-Fos expression in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex was detected by immunohistochemistry. After the first electroacupuncture treatment, abdominal withdrawal reflex scores were investigated to evaluate the pain threshold for chronic visceral hypersensitivity in rats. RESULTS： Visceral hypersensitivity increased c-Fos staining （P 〈 0.05）, and electroacupuncture significantly decreased the number of these cells to near normal levels （P 〉 0.05）. Abdominal withdrawal reflex scores were significantly lower in the electroacupuncture and normal groups than in the model group （P 〈 0.05） and were similar between the electroacupuncture and normal groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Electroacupuncture decreases c-Fos expression in the spinal cord and cerebral cortex and increases pain threshold in a chronic visceral hypersensitivity model in rats.

Preparation of synthetic rutile via selective sulfation of ilmenite with(NH4)2SO4 followed by targeted removal of impurities

This paper describes a novel, facile chemical pathway for preparing synthetic rutile from ilmenite. The pathway consists of two primary units, i.e., selectively sulfating ilmenite, which was realized via roasting ilmenite with(NH_4)_2SO_4followed by selective thermal decomposition of the sulfated ilmenite, and targeted leaching of the impurities. The effects of the process parameters were systematically investigated. The results showed that the optimum sulfation conditions were a mass ratio of(NH_4)_2SO_4to ilmenite of 14, temperature of 360 °C, and time of 120 min with a sulfation ratio of ~ 95%. The optimum thermal decomposition conditions were480 °C in N_2 atmosphere, and nearly all Ti OSO_4 were decomposed with co-decomposition of Fe SO_4 of 23%. For acid leaching, the optimum conditions were 2.5 wt% HCl, 98 °C and 120 min. Under those conditions, 94.2% iron was removed with a Ti O_2 dissolution loss b 1%. For alkali leaching, 67% Si O_2 was removed in 5 wt% Na OH at102 °C for 1 h. A synthetic rutile with a Ti O_2 content N 92 wt% and total Mg O + Ca O b 1.5 wt% was obtained.Based on these results, a schematic flowsheet was proposed. Additionally, it was found that the decomposition of Fe SO_4 mixed with Ti OSO_4 under N_2was inhibited due to its oxidation to a higher thermal stability Fe_2(SO_4)_3by oxygen emitted from the decomposition of Ti OSO_4. At the same time, Ti OSO_4 decomposition was promoted due to the immediate in situ consumption of oxygen by Fe SO_4. The synergetic effect might be responsible for the enhanced selectivity of sulfated ilmenite thermal decomposition.

皮脂腺在护肤领域的研究进展

近年来,寻常痤疮、特应性皮炎等损容性皮肤病的发病率明显增加,其发病机理与皮脂腺功能异常密切相关。皮脂腺存在于真皮层,是皮肤的重要附属器官之一,其上存在着大量受体,受多种机制调控,其功能异常会造成多种皮肤问题。但目前国内对皮肤脂质的研究多针对于细胞间脂质,对皮脂腺分泌的脂质的作用机制研究还不够深入,临床应用与护肤品开发仍需大量基础研究支撑。文章从护肤角度对皮脂腺维持皮肤屏障功能、参与炎症反应、调控衰老进程以及调控肤色方面的作用机制进行了总结,并对皮脂腺相关皮肤问题、皮脂腺功能相关检测方法以及与皮脂腺调控相关的护肤品成分等进行了系统的概述,旨在为皮脂腺功能相关的皮肤护理和皮肤问题解决提供参考依据。

Using Network Embedding to Obtain a Richer and More Stable Network Layout for a Large Scale Bibliometric Network

Purpose: The goal of this study is to explore whether deep learning based embed ded models can provide a better visualization solution for large citation networks. De sign/methodology/approach: Our team compared the visualization approach borrowed from the deep learning community with the well-known bibliometric network visualization for large scale data. 47,294 highly cited papers were visualized by using three network embedding models plus the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique. Besides, three base maps were created with the same dataset for evaluation purposes. All base maps used the classic Open Ord method with different edge cutting strategies and parameters. Findings: The network embedded maps with t-SNE preserve a very similar global structure to the full edges classic force-directed map, while the maps vary in local structure. Among them, the Node2Vec model has the best overall visualization performance, the local structure has been significantly improved and the maps' layout has very high stability.Research limitations: The computational and time costs of training are very high for network em bedded models to obtain high dimensional latent vector. Only one dimensionality reduction technique was tested. Practical implications: This paper demonstrates that the network embedding models are able to accurately reconstruct the large bibliometric network in the vector space. In the future, apart from network visualization, many classical vector-based machine learning algorithms can be applied to network representations for solving bibliomet ric analysis tasks. Originality/value: This paper provides the first systematic comparison of classical science mapping visualization with network embedding based visualization on a large scale dataset. We showed deep learning based network embedding model with t-SNE can provide a richer,more stable science map. We also designed a practical evaluation method to investigate and compare maps.

Effects of mechanical activation on the digestion of ilmenite in dilute H_2SO_4

The commercial sulfate process for pigment production uses concentrated sulfuric acid(N 85 wt% H_2SO_4) as feeding material and discharges 8–10 tons of spend dilute acid(20 wt% H_2SO_4) per ton of product. Re-using spend acid to leach ilmenite can cut the waste emission and save fresh feeding acid. However, the leaching reaction with dilute acid is very slow and the digestion efficiency is fairly low. This paper describes a wet-milling process to enhance the dilute-acid leaching of ilmenite that makes it possible to produce TiO_2 pigment in a more environmentally benign routine. The leaching kinetic study of unmilled ilmenite, dry milled 60 min ilmenite and wet milled 60 min ilmenite was conducted by revision of the shrinking core model(SCM), incorporation of particle size distribution(PSD) into SCM. The results revealed that mechano-chemical activation method significantly increased the leaching efficiency of titanium from 36% to 76% by reducing the particle size and increasing the reaction contact area. On the other hand, the milling process increased the lattice deformation and amorphization of crystalline, which lowered the activation energies in the leaching process. Compared with dry milling operation, wet milling is more effective, the particle size distribution of wet-milled ilmenite was much narrower, smaller, and more uniform. Wet milling of ilmenite makes the leaching reaction with dilute acid(60 wt% H_2 SO_4) practicable and the re-use of spend acid becomes possible and economical.

农村宅基地退出前后农户福利变化——基于安徽金寨农户问卷调查

基于森的可行能力理论,借鉴相关研究成果,本研究选取家庭经济状况、居住状况、生活环境、情感归属四类指标,应用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法测度退出宅基地前后农户福利变化。研究结果表明:农户退出宅基地后的总体福利水平有一定程度的上升,家庭经济状况、居住状况、生活环境、情感归属四类功能性活动水平与退出前相比均有提高,但农户纯收入评价值低于0.5。因此,政府在实施宅基地制度改革或宅基地退出时应开展农民职业技能培训,增强其发展能力,尽可能提供一些技术性要求较低的工作岗位,增加退宅农民的非农就业机会。

Synthetic and immunological studies on the OCT4 immunodominant motif antigen-based anti-cancer vaccine

Objective:Cancer stem cell is one of the important causes of tumorigenesis as well as a drug target in the treatment of malignant tumor.However,at present,there is no immune vaccine targeting these cells.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT4),a marker of embryonic stem cells and germ cells,often highly expresses in the early stages of tumorigenesis and is therefore a good candidate for cancer vaccine development.Methods:To identify the optimal carrier and adjuvant combination,we chemically synthesized and linked three different OCT4 epitope antigens to a carrier protein,keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH),combined with Toll-like receptor 9 agonist(TLR9).Results:Immunization with OCT4-3+TLR9 produced the strongest immune response in mice.In prevention assays,significant tumor growth inhibition was achieved in BABL/c mice treated with OCT4-3+TLR9(P<0.01).Importantly,the results showed that cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and the inhibition of tumor growth were enhanced in mice immunized with OCT4-3 combined with TLR9.Meanwhile,multiple cytokines[such as interferon(IFN)-γ(P<0.05),interleukin(IL)-12(P<0.05),IL-2(P<0.01),and IL-6(P<0.05)]promoting cellular immune responses were shown to be greatly enhanced in mice immunized with OCT4-3+TLR9.Moreover,we considered safety considerations in terms of the composition of the vaccines to help facilitate the development of effective next-generation vaccines.Conclusions:Collectively,these experiments demonstrated that combination therapy with TLR9 agonist induced a tumor-specific adaptive immune response,leading to the suppression of primary tumor growth in testis embryonic carcinoma.

Pyropia haitanensis polysaccharide extends lifespan by inhibiting protein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Pyropia haitanensis polysaccharide(LP)have been found for having many excellent functions such as anti-aging.Using Caenorhabditis elegans models,we evaluated the anti-aging activity of LP by observing the lifespan,reproduction,pharyngeal pumping,stress response,quantitative fluorescence of polyglutamic acid,and nuclear localization of DAF-16 of worms.The results reveal that LP could extend the adult lifespan of wild-type and polyQ nematodes,indicating a connection of its anti-aging benefit with the toxicity-suppressing effect.The number of polyglutamic acid aggregates in high concentration groups decreased by 24.39%(P<0.05)to the control.The high-dose group strongly induced DAF-16 nuclear translocation over intermediate and cytosolic localizations compared with the control(P<0.001).Therefore,we believe that LP could extend the lifespan and reduce the protein aggregation in C.elegans through nuclear DAF-16∷GFP expression.