Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

Canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological traits.However, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties(HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments(zero-N control(CK), 200 kg ha~(–1)(MN), and 300 kg ha~(–1)(HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally,canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight(correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content(–0.912), net photosynthesis(–0.84), stomatal conductance(–0.91), transpiration rate(–0.90), and leaf stomatal area(–0.83). A structural equation model(SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy temperature.Our study revealed:(1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature,(2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and(3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

The Epstein-Barr virus-miRNA-BART6-5p regulates TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway to induce glycolysis and enhance proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells

Background:EBV-miR-BARTs exhibit significant relevance in epithelial tumors,particularly in EBVassociated gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers.However,their specific mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer remain insufficiently explored.Material and Methods:Initially,EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p and its target gene SMAD4 expression were assessed in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and cell lines.Subsequent transfection induced overexpression of EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p in AGS and MKN-45,and downregulation in EBVpositive cells(SUN-719).The subsequent evaluation aimed to observe their impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation,migration,and glycolytic processes,with the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway value clarified using a TGF-βinhibitor.Results:EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p exhibits pronounced upregulation in EBV-associated gastric cancer tissues and EBV-positive cells,while its target gene SMAD4 demonstrates downregulated expression.Upregulation of it can promote the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells.Additionally,We found EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p promotes glycolysis of gastric cancer cells.Inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway resulted in suppressed proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells,concomitant with a diminished glycolytic capacity.Conclusion:In this study,we found that EBV-miRNA-BART6-5p can target SMAD4,effectively increasing glycolysis in gastric cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway,thereby enhancing the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.Our findings may offer new insights into the metabolic aspects of gastric cancer.

Ergonomic Reliability Assessment of VDT Systemfor Operation Design Based on Improved BPNN and HCR under Special Circumstances

Ergonomic reliability plays a significant role in the safe operation of devices.With the spread of infectious diseases around the world,in work environments with high loads and high infection rates,medical staff work in a state of high self-protection.The use of visual display terminal(VDT)for medical equipment has undergone fundamental changes,and the traditional medical equipment human-machine interface design needs to be improved.After the completion of design and development,a VDT design enters the experimental testing stage,which has significant limitations for simulating the work of medical staff in the high-load and high-infection environments.The testing cost is high,and subjects face harsh conditions;thus,an ergonomic reliability model that can predict the use of VDT in such special high-infection and high-load circumstances must be established.An ergonomic reliability model based on an improved backpropagation neural network(BPNN)and human cognition reliability(HCR)is proposed for predicting and evaluating operation flows according tomedical equipment VDTs.Firstly,a small data sample can be used to train BPNN to generate a network that can ensure suitable accuracy.To prevent the model from falling into local optimal solutions,the bat algorithm is introduced to improve the BPNN.Compared to a traditional BPNN,the superiority of the improved BPNN is clearly demonstrated.Secondly,the HCR method is used to analyze and highlight changes in the human factor reliability of VDTs for medical equipment in different time processes and operating processes according to BPNN prediction results,to provide a reference for selecting the optimalmethod.Finally,the validity and availability of the proposedmethod are verified through an eye tracker experiment and statistical analysis results.

Straw return influences the structure and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a rice-wheat rotation system

Straw return is a sustainable soil fertility-building practice,which can affect soil microbial communities.However,how straw return affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is not well explored.Here,we studied the impacts of different straw management treatments over eight years on the structure and functioning of AMF communities in a rice-wheat rotation system.The straw management treatments included no tillage with no straw(NTNS),rotary tillage straw return(RTSR),and ditch-buried straw return(DBSR).The community structure of AMF was characterized using high-throughput sequencing,and the mycorrhizal functioning was quantified using an in situ mycorrhizal-suppression treatment.Different straw management treatments formed unique AMF community structure,which was closely related to changes in soil total organic carbon,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,ammonium,and nitrate.When compared with NTNS,RTSR significantly increased Shannon diversity in 0–10 cm soil layer,while DBSR increased it in 10–20 cm soil layer;DBSR significantly increased hyphal length density in the whole ploughing layer(0–20 cm),but RTSR only increased it in the subsurface soil layer(10–20 cm).The mycorrhizal responses of shoot biomass and nutrient(N and P)uptake were positive under both straw return treatments(RTSR and DBSR),but negative under NTNS.The community composition of AMF was significantly correlated to hyphal length density,and the latter was further a positive predictor for the mycorrhizal responses of plant growth and nutrient uptake.These findings suggest that straw return can affect AMF community structure and functioning,and farmers should manage mycorrhizas to strengthen their beneficial effects on crop production.

Semi-quantitatively Predicting the Residence Time of Three Natural Products on Endothelin Receptor A by Peak Profiling Using the Receptor Functionalized Macroporous Silica Gel as Stationary Phase

Drug-receptor interaction analysis has been broadly adopted as a tool for the evaluation of the drug-like property.Nowadays,growing evidence has demonstrated that drug e fficacy and safety are highly related to residence time,which equals the reciprocal of the dissociation rate constant(k_(d))of a drug to its target protein.Using endothelin receptor A(ET_(A)R)as a probe,we immobilized the receptor on the surface of macroporous silica gel through a covalent interaction between the epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase(EGFR)at the C terminal of ET_(A)R and the covalent inhibitor ibrutinib modified on the gel in a one-step fashion.The a ffinity stationary phase was used to semi-quantitatively determine the residence time of natural products on ET_(A)R and evaluate their drug-like property.The k_(d)values of three specific ligands(bosentan,macitentan,and ambrisentan)to ET_(A)R were determined by nonlinear chromatography,peak profiling and peak_(d)ecay.Compared the data determined in free solution of the three methods,peak profiling is considered as the best-fit method for k_(d)determination.Thus,peak profiling was applied for predicting the residence time of three natural products(ferulic acid,berberine,and palmatine)on ET_(A)R.With the longest residence time of 61.11±3.47 s on ET_(A)R,palmatine was evaluated as the most potent compound,which could be developed as a long-acting lead for the receptor.We demonstrate that the high-performance a ffinity chromatography with immobilized ET_(A)R is an alternative for the semi-quantitative measurement of residence time for the drug-like property evaluation of natural products.

Network-splitter:一种基于重叠社区的网络特征提取算法及其在链路预测中的应用

链路预测任务是根据已知的网络结构和节点属性等信息来预测网络中产生新链路的可能性.它是网络科学中的一个基础性问题,具有重要的理论研究和实际应用价值.近年来,网络表示学习领域的学者利用深度学习提取网络复杂特征,大幅度提高了链路预测效果.实际网络中节点具有局部聚类现象,然而,当前的网络表示学习侧重于提取网络全局特征,忽略了局部信息特征.针对这个问题,我们提出了能够学习网络中节点在不同社区中局部特征表示的模型network-splitter.该模型利用重叠社区思想,在每个社区中创建节点的一个角色副本,并学习该角色副本的特征表示.最后将节点在不同社区中对应的角色副本信息通过神经网络综合,得到的综合向量包含网络全局特征和节点局部特征,并可应用到链路预测任务中.本文的实验结果表明,network-splitter模型与最新的网络学习表示方法相比具有很强的竞争力.

Cyanobacteria-based self-oxygenated photodynamic therapy for anaerobic infection treatment and tissue repair

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an important technique to deal with drug-resistant bacterial infections in the post-antibiotic era.However,the hypoxic environment in intractable infections such as refractory keratitis and periodontitis,makes PDT more difficult.In this work,spontaneous oxygen-producing cyanobacteria were used as the carrier of photosensitizer(Ce6),and ultrasmall Cu_(5.4)O nanoparticles(Cu_(5.4)O USNPs)with catalase activity for infection and inflammation elimination and rapid tissue repair(CeCycn-Cu_(5.4)O).The loading of Ce6 and Cu_(5.4)O USNPs onto cyanobacteria surface were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy,nano particle size analyzer,scanning electron microscopy.In vitro sterilization and biofilm removal experiments demonstrated that the restriction of hypoxic environment to PDT was significantly alleviated due to the oxygen production of cyanobacteria.Under laser irradiation,the close transfer of energy photons to oxygen produced by cyanobacteria reduced more than 90% of Ce6 dosages(660 nm,200 mW/cm^(2),2 min).It is worth mentioning that both rapid sterilization through PDT and long-term oxidized free radicals elimination were achieved by adjusting the ratio of Ce6 and Cu_(5.4)O USNPs.Both periodontitis and refractory keratitis animal models proved the excellent self-oxygenation enhanced antibacterial property and promotion of tissue repair.

基于BiblioShiny的先天性白内障可视化文献计量分析(2011—2020年)

目的:基于BiblioShiny程序分析2011—2020年全球先天性白内障的研究现状与发展趋势,为进一步的研究提供参考信息。方法:文献计量分析方法。运用基于R语言的科学文献计量BiblioShiny程序,对2011—2020年Web of ScienceTM核心合集数据库(WoSCC)收录的关于先天性白内障的相关文献,从期刊、国家与作者分布、共词分析、共被引分析、合作网络等深入分析全球先天性白内障的研究知识基础和研究前沿热点。结果:①共纳入1492篇研究文献,以中国和美国发文量最多。②《Molecular Vision》杂志的出版物发表量排名榜首,刊文74篇,其次是《PLoS One》,刊文66篇,二者均为美国期刊。③发文量第1位的是来自加利福尼亚州帕罗奥多市斯坦福大学医学院眼科的Lambert SR博士。④先天性白内障领域的知识基础是先天性白内障和基因突变,目前的学术研究热点是基因表达主题。⑤研究方向可以分为3大集群:第1集群为先天性白内障的发病率、危险因素和手术治疗等;第2集群的研究内容主要是分子遗传、基因突变和蛋白质功能改变等;第3集群的研究内容主要集中在晶状体蛋白的结构、稳定性和功能等。结论:2011—2020年先天性白内障研究领域中,中国和美国为发文量最多的国家,但是美国在国家间、机构间的合作网络均远大于中国,提示中国可提高国家、机构间的合作率。目前先天性白内障主流研究方向可分为临床治疗、基因层面和蛋白质层面。

一类随机偏微分方程的适定性和大偏差原理

本文研究变分框架下一类带局部单调系数的随机偏微分方程,首先通过证明方程鞅解的存在性及轨道唯一性得到此类方程强解的存在唯一性;然后运用随机控制和弱收敛方法证明该类方程的大偏差原理;最后将本文主要结果应用到具体的随机偏微分方程模型,包括随机Cahn-Hilliard方程、随机Kuramoto-Sivashinsky方程和随机驯服(tamed)3维Navier-Stokes方程.

Optical diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans differentiated from dermatofibroma using non-linear optical microscopy

To the Editor:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP)is a locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm of the skin that can be misdiagnosed as dermatofibroma(DF)because of similar histological characteristics.[1,2,3]In this study,non-linear optical(NLO)microscopy was used for imaging unstained histological sections to make a differential diagnosis between DFSP and DF.This study aimed to demonstrate that label-free NLO imaging provides significant advantages over standard hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining and allows pathologists to increase the diagnostic accuracy by using a quantifiable methodology.