Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is required for lipid export in the midgut of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is a multifunctional endocytic receptor expressed in epithelial cells.In mammals,it acts as an endocytic receptor that mediates the cellular uptake of cholesterol-containing apolipoproteins to maintain lipid homeostasis.However,little is known about the role of LRP2 in lipid homeostasis in insects.In the present study,we investigated the function of LRP2 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria(LmLRP2).The mRNA of LmLRP2 is widely distributed in various tissues,including integument,wing pads,foregut,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules and fat body,and the amounts of LmLRP2 transcripts decreased gradually in the early stages and then increased in the late stages before ecdysis during the nymphal developmental stage.Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that the LmLRP2 protein is mainly located in cellular membranes of the midgut and hindgut.Using RNAi to silence LmLRP2 caused molting defects in nymphs(more than 60%),and the neutral lipid was found to accumulate in the midgut and surface of the integument,but not in the fat body,of dsLmLRP2-treated nymphs.The results of a lipidomics analysis showed that the main components of lipids(diglyceride and triglyceride)were significantly increased in the midgut,but decreased in the fat body and hemolymph.Furthermore,the content of total triglyceride was significantly increased in the midgut,but markedly decreased in the fat body and hemolymph in dsLmLRP2-injected nymphs.Our results indicate that LmLRP2 is located in the cellular membranes of midgut cells,and is required for lipid export from the midgut to the hemolymphand fat body in locusts.

Development and formation of wing cuticle based on transcriptomic analysis in Locusta migratoria during metamorphosis

Wings are an important flight organ of insects.Wing development is a complex process controlled by a series of genes.The flightless wing pad transforms into a mature wing with the function of migratory flight during the nymphto-adult metamorphosis.However,the mechanism of wing morphogenesis in locusts is still unclear.This study analyzed the microstructures of the locust wing pads at pre-eclosion and the wings after eclosion and performed the comparative transcriptome analysis.RNA-seq identified 25,334 unigenesand 3,430 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(1,907 up-regulated and 1,523 down-regulated).The DEGs mainly included cuticle development(LmACPs),chitin metabolism(Lm Idgf4),lipid metabolism-related genes,cell adhesion(Integrin),zinc finger transcription factors(LmSalm,LmZF593 andLmZF521),and others.Functional analysis based on RNA interference and hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining showed that the three genes encoded zinc finger transcription factors are essential for forming wing cuticle and maintaining morphology in Locusta migratoria.Finally,the study found that the LmSalm regulates the expression of LmACPs in the wing pads at pre-eclosion,and LmZF593 and LmZF521 regulate the expression of LmIntegrin/LmIdgf4/LmHMT420 in the wings after eclosion.This study revealed that the molecular regulatory axis controls wing morphology in nymphal and adult stages of locusts,offering a theoretical basis for the study of wing development mechanisms in hemimetabolous insects.

Sedimentary elements,evolutions and controlling factors of the Miocene channel system:a case study of the deep-water Taranaki Basin in New Zealand

Deep-water channel systems are important petroleum reservoirs,and many have been discovered worldwide.Understanding deep-water channel sedimentary elements and evolution is helpful for deep-sea petroleum exploration and development.Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data,the Miocene channel system in the deep-water Taranaki Basin,New Zealand,was analyzed by using seismic interpretation techniques such as interlayer attribute extraction and strata slicing.The channel system was divided into five composite channels(CC-I to CC-V)according to four secondary level channel boundaries,and sedimentary elements such as channels,slump deposits,inner levees,mass transport deposits,and hemipelagic drape deposits were identified in the channel system.The morphological characteristics of several composite channels exhibited stark variances,and the overall morphology of the composite channels changed from relatively straight to highly sinuous to relatively straight.The evolution of the composite channels involved a gradual and repeated process of erosion and filling,and the composite channels could be divided into three evolutionary stages:initial erosion-filling,later erosion-filling(multistage),and channel abandonment.The middle Miocene channel system may have formed as a consequence of combined regional tectonic activity and global climatic change,and its intricate morphological alterations may have been influenced by the channel's ability to self-regulate and gravity flow properties.When studying the sedimentary evolution of a large-scale deep-water channel system in the Taranaki Basin during the Oligocene-Miocene,which transitioned from a passive margin to plate convergence,it can be understood how tectonic activity affected the channel and can also provide a theoretical reference for the evolution of the deepwater channels in areas with similar tectonic conversion environments around the world.

Formation of Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) on the Yingguang-I device

As a hybrid approach to realizing fusion energy,Magnetized Target Fusion(MTF)based on the Field Reversed Configuration(FRC),which has the plasma density and confinement time in the range between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion,has been recently widely pursued around the world.To investigate the formation and confinement of the FRC plasma injector for MTF,the Yingguang-I,which is an FRC test device and contains a multi-bank program-discharged pulsed power sub-system,was constructed at the Institute of Fluid Physics(IFP),China.This paper presents the pulsed power components and their parameters of the device in detail,then gives a brief description of progress in experiments of FRC formation.Experimental results of the pulsed power sub-system show that the peak current/magnetic field of 110 kA/0.3 T,10 kA/1.2 Tand 1.7 MA/3.4 Twere achieved in the bias,mirror and q-pinch circuits with quarter cycle of 80 ms,700 ms and 3.8 ms respectively.The induced electric field in the neutral gas was greater than 0.25 kV/cm when the ionization bank was charged to 70 kV.With H_(2) gas of 8 Pa,the plasma target of density 10^(16) cm^(-3),separatrix radius 4 cm,half-length 17 cm,equilibrium temperature 200 eV and lifetime 3 ms(approximately the half pulse width of the reversed field)have been obtained through the q-pinch method when the bias,mirror,ionization and θ-pinch banks were charged to 5 kV,5 kV,55 kV and ±45 kV respectively.The images from the high-speed end-on framing camera demonstrate the formation processes of FRC and some features agree well with the results with the two-dimension magneto hydrodynamics code(2D-MHD).

Amino acid permease 6 regulates grain protein content in maize

Grain protein content(GPC)is an indicator of cereal nutritional quality.Identification of genes involved in the regulation of GPC provides targets for molecular breeding for crop protein quality.We characterized a maize gene encoding the putative amino acid transporter ZmAAP6,a gene expressed mainly in immature seeds,especially in the basal endosperm transfer layer.Total protein and zein contents were decreased in ZmAAP6 null mutants and increased in ZmAAP6 overexpression(OE)lines,consistent with their changed in the size of protein bodies.Metabolic and transcriptomic analysis supported the regulatory role of ZmAAP6 in amino acid transportation.These results suggest that ZmAAP6 functions as a positive regulator of GPC in maize,shedding new light on the genetic basis of GPC regulation.

Tetraploid Induction and Cytology Identification of Clematis heracleifolia

[ Objective] This study aimed to induce the tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia. [ Method ] Mixture of 0.2% colchicine solution and 1% agar were heated into a gel smeared on the apical meristem top bud of Clematis heracleifolia seedling to induce its tetraploid. The induction lasted for 24, 48 and 72 h respectively in three treatments to determine the best induction time. Finally, the morphological and cytological characteristics were identified and compared between the mutants and the controls. [Result] The variation rate was the highest, up to 80% when the induction time was 48 h. Compared with controls, the leaf of mutant was longer, wider and thicker, and the leaf index was smaller. The stomata size and density of lower leaf epidermis between the mutants and controls were significantly different. Chloroplast number in guard cells and chlorophyll content of mutants were all increased significantly compared with the controls through microscope observation of lower leaf epidermis and SPAD value. Chromosome number of most mutants was 32 （2n =4x）, while that of controls was 16 （2n =2x） by cytology observation of root tip cells. [ Conclusion] Tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia was successfully obtained.

Tetraploid Induction and Identification of <i>Gossypium arboreum</i>

Gossypium arboreum (2n = 26, A2) is a diploid species with limited production in acreage com-pared with G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. However, its unique traits such as insect and disease resistance contribute an important germplasm to cotton breeding. So polyploid manipulation for G. arboreum is an effective approach of germplasm development. This research focused on tetraploid induction of G. arboreum by colchicine. Morphology and cytology identifications for obtained mutants were also conducted. The seedling growth and development of all mutants was more stunted than controls. According to preliminary morphological characteristics, mutant rates in different treatment were statistically estimated and the highest mutant rate was 42.31% under the treatment of 0.1% colchicine for 24 hours. The chromosome number of most mutants was 2n = 4x = 52, while the chromosome number of diploid controls was 2n = 2x = 26 by cytology observation of root tip cells. By microscope observation of low leaf epidermis, there were significant differences for stoma area between tetraploids and diploids. The meiosis behavior of the induced tetraploid was much more complex than that of the diploid. At diakinesis, some univalent, trivalent and polyvalent were also observed besides bivalent and quadrivalent. There were different kinds of polyad in tetraspore period of mutants. The dissociate chromosomes existed during metaphase I and II, the unbalance separation of chromosomes existed during anaphase I and II. As a result, tetraploid mutants of G. arboreum were identified and their desirable traits would be further evaluated to incorporate into next breeding program.

雪诺酮阴道凝胶用于冻融胚胎移植周期黄体支持：中国人群中的前瞻随机临床试验

为比较在冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期中使用雪诺酮（Crinone）阴道孕酮凝胶和肌肉注射补充孕酮用于黄体期支持的效果，于2010年9月至2013年1月期间在中国上海一家医院对符合标准的FET患者进行了一项随机前瞻性研究。从子宫内膜分泌期转化日（第0天）开始，给凝胶组患者使用雪诺酮阴道凝胶（90mg／d），给肌注组患者肌肉注射孕酮（40mg／d），每组750个周期。所有患者口服地屈孕酮（20mg／d）和戊酸雌二醇（4～8mg／d）。两组患者均移植冷冻前评分最高的D3胚胎，然岳比较临床结果。此研究包括1500个周期（每组750个周期）。在凝胶组和肌注组分别有29个周期24个周期退出。在凝胶组和肌注组之间，年龄、内膜厚度、内膜准备时间或移植胚胎数均无显著性差异。两组患者间活产率（32．6％VS．31．7％，P=0．71）、临床妊娠率（40．1％VS．40．6％，P=0．831）、胚胎植入率（25．8％VS．25．3％，P=0．772）、流产率（16．3％VS．18．3％，P=0．514）及异位妊娠率（2．8％VS．4．4％，P=0．288）未发现显著性差异。多变量回归分析显示，凝胶组相对于肌注组的活产率、临床妊娠率、流产率和异位妊娠率的比值比（oddsratios）（95％置信区间）分别为1．036（0．8291．295）、0．971（0．7851．200）、0．919（0．5951．420）和0．649（0．2611．614）。本研究结果表明，在FET周期使用雪诺酮阴道凝胶可获得与肌肉注射孕酮相似的妊娠结果，提示阴道凝胶是肌肉注射剂的可替代选择。

Genetic variation in a heat shock transcription factor modulates cold tolerance in maize

Understanding how maize(Zea mays)responds to cold stress is crucial for facilitating breeding programs of cold-tolerant varieties.Despite extensive utilization of the genome-wide association study(GWAs)approach for exploring favorable natural alleles associated with maize cold tolerance,few studies have successfully identified candidate genes that contribute to maize cold tolerance.In this study,we used a diverse panel of inbred maize lines collected from different germplasm sources to perform a GWAS on var-iations in the relative injured area of maize true leaves during cold stress-a trait very closely correlated with maize cold tolerance.We identified HsF21,which encodes a B-class heat shock transcription factor(HSF)that positively regulates cold tolerance at both the seedling and germination stages.Natural varia-tions in the promoter of the cold-tolerant HSF21Hap1 allele led to increased HSF21 expression under cold stress by inhibiting binding of the basic leucine zipper bziP68 transcription factor,a negative regulator of cold tolerance.By integrating transcriptome deep sequencing,DNA affinity purification sequencing,and targeted lipidomic analysis,we revealed the function of HsF21 in regulating lipid metabolism homeo-stasis to modulate cold tolerance in maize.In addition,we found that HsF21 confers maize cold tolerance without incurring yield penalties.Collectively,this study establishes HsF21 as a key regulator that en-hances cold tolerance in maize,providing valuable genetic resources for breeding of cold-tolerant maize varieties.

Regulating the Electronic Structure of Fe^(3+)‑Doped BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)Solid Solution by an Amidoxime‑Functionalized Fibrous Support for Efficient Photocatalysis

BiOX(X=Cl,I,Br)has attracted intensive interest as a photocatalyst for environmental remediation,but its limited pho-tocatalytic activity versus visible light irradiation restricts its practical application.Herein,a Fe^(3+)-doped BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)solid solution(Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x))was synthesized in situ on an amidoxime-functionalized fibrous support via a one-pot solvothermal approach.Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations indicate that the robust chelated interaction between ami-doxime groups and Fe^(3+)greatly boosts the crystal growth of nanosized Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1–x)on the fibrous surface,simultaneously tunes its electronic structure for improved light harvesting and oxygen vacancy creation,and enables the fibrous support to act as an electron sink for efficient charge separation.These synergistic qualities result in high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic contaminants,which outperforms that obtained for unsupported Fe-BiOCl_(x)I_(1-x)and other fibrous samples by several times.Our findings highlight the importance of functionalized support design for the development of efficient BiOX photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘山西组2段海陆过渡相页岩高分辨率层序划分及勘探地质意义

针对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘山西组海陆过渡相页岩单层厚度薄、岩性复杂且频繁互层导致地层横向对比多解性强的难题,建立了一种将高分辨率层序地层与旋回地层相结合的地层划分方法。主要通过测井曲线辅助岩心及野外露头等资料,采用最大熵频谱分析技术对测井曲线处理得到的INPEFA曲线,结合小波变换提取的时频特征,完成了山西组2段(山2段)海陆过渡相页岩高分辨率层序界面识别及多井等时对比。相比常规自然伽马曲线(GR),GR-INPEFA曲线的整体和局部趋势拐点可明显提高中期及短期旋回界面识别的准确度;不同尺度因子的小波系数曲线和时频图谱分析则能够实现中期及短期旋回界面的识别与对比。综合INPEFA曲线和小波变换技术将山2段划分为3个中期旋回(自下而上依次为MSC1、MSC2和MSC3)及12个短期旋回(自下而上依次为SSC1-SSC12),3个中期旋回与山西组内部山_(2)^(1)—山_(2)^(3)亚段对应较好,短期旋回与沉积相序演化特征耦合关系较好。高分辨率层序、矿物成分及储层特征的耦合研究表明MSC1中期旋回中SSC1短期旋回对应优质页岩富集层段。通过多尺度多方法融合测井技术对岩性复杂区构建层序地层格架具有一定借鉴意义。

Spatio-temporal keyword query in semantic trajectories

1 Introduction With the development of the GPS positioning technology and the popularization of smart mobile devices,more and more trajectory data are collected continuously.Semantic trajectories can be obtained by adding semantic information such as landmarks and activities to raw trajectories.Keyword query in semantic trajectory database that returns the relevant places/routes has attracted increasing attention from researchers in recent years.[1]studies spatial keyword query which consists of a set of query locations and a set of query keywords representing user’s preference.[2]is the first work to study the activity query on semantic trajectories.The query is in the form of a sequence of query locations,each associated with a set of desired activities.[3]is an extended work of[2]to support approximate keyword search.However,these works only consider spatial and textual feature of keywords,which cannot answer the query with temporal requirements.Additionally,they match keywords only by string similarity without considering their semantic meanings.

Biomarker-targeted fluorescent probes for breast cancer imaging

Breast cancer has become a common tumor worldwide which seriously endangers people＇s health. Earlydiagnosis and treatment are particularly urgent in order to reduce the onset risk, mortality, and prolongthe five-year survival rate. Therefore, we need a kind of diagnosis and treatment technology with highspecificity, sensitivity and selectivity. In recent years, because of its unique properties in biologicalapplications, fluorescence imaging has become an attractive research subject. Fluorescence imagingoffers innovative ideas of targetable recognition of breast cancer cells, breast cancer imaging in vivoanimal models, anticancer drugs delivery for guiding the mammary surgery via a noninvasive way withhigh sensitively and specifically. In this review, we summarized the recent advances of fluorescent probesfor breast cancer imaging, which were classified according to different biomarkers the probes recognized.Moreover, we discussed the strengths, built-in problems as well as the challenges about the fluorescentprobe as a unique potential method for the better application in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.~ 2018 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

An Improved Algorithm of Harmonic Mean Filter

Rafael C. Gnzalez has mentioned an algorithm on adaptive local noise elimination filter in the book named Digital Image Processing. This paper points out the algorithm＇s deficiency and presents an improved harmonic mean filter algorithm which makes mean square error emse cutting quarter but SNR, SNPm and PSNR increasing a tenth more than original algorithm. This filter algorithm is verified to be effective by simulation experiment.