Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium ox...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.展开更多
Objective: The relationship between anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) expression in malignant pleural effusion(MPE) samples detected only by Ventana immunohistochemistry(IHC) ALK(D5F3) and the efficacy of ALKtyrosine ki...Objective: The relationship between anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) expression in malignant pleural effusion(MPE) samples detected only by Ventana immunohistochemistry(IHC) ALK(D5F3) and the efficacy of ALKtyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is uncertain.Methods: Ventana anti-ALK(D5F3) rabbit monoclonal primary antibody testing was performed on 313 cell blocks of MPE samples from Chinese patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to verify the ALK gene status in Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive samples. The follow-up clinical data on patients who received crizotinib treatment were recorded.Results: Of the 313 MPE samples, 27(8.6%) were confirmed as ALK expression-positive, and the Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive rate was 17.3%(27/156) in wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) MPE samples. Twenty-three of the 27 IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive samples were positive by FISH. Of the 11 Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive patients who received crizotinib therapy, 2 patients had complete response(CR), 5 had partial response(PR) and 3 had stable disease(SD).Conclusions: The ALK gene expression status detected by the Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) platform in MPE samples may predict tumor responsiveness to crizotinib in Chinese patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.展开更多
Background:Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years.This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer.Methods:Lung cancer incidence and morta...Background:Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years.This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer.Methods:Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database.Continuous data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends were used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 using Joinpoint regression,and average annual percent changes were calculated.The association between the Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by linear regression.Results:An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)ranged from 36.8 per 100,000 in Demark to 5.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.The age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)varied from 32.8 per 100,000 in Poland to 4.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.Both ASIR and ASMR were approximately twice higher in men than in women.The ASIR of lung cancer showed a downward trend in the United States of America(USA)between 2000 and 2012,and was more prominent in men.The age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer for ages of 50 to 59 years showed an upward trend in China for both men and women.Conclusions:The burden of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory,especially in developing countries like China.Considering the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries,such as the USA,there is a need to strengthen health education,accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations,and improve early cancer screening awareness to reduce the future burden of lung cancer.展开更多
Immune escape mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)can disrupt every step of the anti-cancer immune response.In recent years,an increased understanding of the specific mechanisms fueling immune escape has al...Immune escape mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)can disrupt every step of the anti-cancer immune response.In recent years,an increased understanding of the specific mechanisms fueling immune escape has allowed for the development of numerous immunotherapeutic treatments that have been introduced into the clinical practice.The advent of immunotherapy has dramatically changed the current treatment landscape of advanced or metastatic NSCLC because of its durable efficacy and manageable toxicity.In this review,we will first present a brief overview of recent evidence on immune escape mechanisms in NSCLC.We will then discuss the current promising immunotherapeutic strategies in advanced or metastatic NSCLC tumors.展开更多
The cycloaddition reactions of methane and ethylene mediated by Ir^(+) have been designed and studied by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations.Studies have shown that Ir^(+) ...The cycloaddition reactions of methane and ethylene mediated by Ir^(+) have been designed and studied by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations.Studies have shown that Ir^(+) can mediate the cycloaddition reaction of CH4and two C_(2)H_(4) to generate a half-sandwich structure IrHCp^(+)(Cp=η^(5)-C_(5)H_(5))including pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand by continuous dehydrogenation reaction with the forming of three C-C bonds and seven C-H bonds.The orbital analysis indicates the mechanism of the cyclization reaction to generation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand with odd number carbon atom depends on the overlap ofπorbitals in-C_(2)H_(2) and carbene,which is more difficult than the forming of cyclobutadiene ligand and benzene.This study may help to understand the reaction mechanism in the cycloaddition reactions of organic compounds,which will be useful to guide the rational design of new catalysts with tailored selectivity and increased efficiency.展开更多
The numerical solution of blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations on unbounded spatial domains is considered.Applying the unified approach,which is based on the operator splitting method,we construct the efficie...The numerical solution of blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations on unbounded spatial domains is considered.Applying the unified approach,which is based on the operator splitting method,we construct the efficient nonlinear local absorbing boundary conditions for the nonlinear wave equation,and reduce the nonlinear problem on the unbounded spatial domain to an initial-boundary-value problem on a bounded domain.Then the finite difference method is used to solve the reduced problem on the bounded computational domain.Finally,a broad range of numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method,and some interesting propagation and behaviors of the blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations are observed.展开更多
The paper is concerned with the numerical solution of Schr¨odinger equations on an unbounded spatial domain.High-order absorbing boundary conditions for one-dimensional domain are derived,and the stability of the...The paper is concerned with the numerical solution of Schr¨odinger equations on an unbounded spatial domain.High-order absorbing boundary conditions for one-dimensional domain are derived,and the stability of the reduced initial boundary value problem in the computational interval is proved by energy estimate.Then a second order finite difference scheme is proposed,and the convergence of the scheme is established as well.Finally,numerical examples are reported to confirm our error estimates of the numerical methods.展开更多
We propose an artificial boundary method for solving the deterministic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in one-,two-and three dimensional unbounded domains.The exact artificial boundary conditions are obtained on the arti...We propose an artificial boundary method for solving the deterministic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in one-,two-and three dimensional unbounded domains.The exact artificial boundary conditions are obtained on the artificial boundaries.Then the original problems are reduced to equivalent problems in bounded domains.A fi-nite difference method is applied to solve the reduced problems,and some numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD)uses molecular biological techniques to genetically diagnose embryos beforein vitro fertilization.The information obtained through PGD can help clinicians select healthy embryos f...Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD)uses molecular biological techniques to genetically diagnose embryos beforein vitro fertilization.The information obtained through PGD can help clinicians select healthy embryos for implantation,prevent the transmission of inherited diseases and help affected families have healthy children.This paper reviews the development of PGD technology,the history of its application to hereditary hearing loss,and the general process of how PGD is applied to screen for hereditary hearing loss.The aim of this review is to demonstrate the reliability of PGD in the primary prevention of hereditary hearing loss,assist clinicians in counseling patients at risk of transmitting an inherited disease,and explore the journey from PGD toin vitro fertilization.Given that the application of PGD technology to hereditary hearing loss varies in different countries and regions,there is still a long way to go before PGD is routinely applied for the primary prevention of hereditary hearing loss.展开更多
基金the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the Key R&D project of Liaoning Province of China(2020JH2/10300079)+2 种基金the“Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”(2018921006)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1908034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571132).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(D141100000214003)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81641114)
文摘Objective: The relationship between anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) expression in malignant pleural effusion(MPE) samples detected only by Ventana immunohistochemistry(IHC) ALK(D5F3) and the efficacy of ALKtyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is uncertain.Methods: Ventana anti-ALK(D5F3) rabbit monoclonal primary antibody testing was performed on 313 cell blocks of MPE samples from Chinese patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to verify the ALK gene status in Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive samples. The follow-up clinical data on patients who received crizotinib treatment were recorded.Results: Of the 313 MPE samples, 27(8.6%) were confirmed as ALK expression-positive, and the Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive rate was 17.3%(27/156) in wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) MPE samples. Twenty-three of the 27 IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive samples were positive by FISH. Of the 11 Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3)-positive patients who received crizotinib therapy, 2 patients had complete response(CR), 5 had partial response(PR) and 3 had stable disease(SD).Conclusions: The ALK gene expression status detected by the Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) platform in MPE samples may predict tumor responsiveness to crizotinib in Chinese patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-012)
文摘Background:Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years.This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer.Methods:Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database.Continuous data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends were used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 using Joinpoint regression,and average annual percent changes were calculated.The association between the Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by linear regression.Results:An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)ranged from 36.8 per 100,000 in Demark to 5.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.The age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)varied from 32.8 per 100,000 in Poland to 4.9 per 100,000 in Mexico.Both ASIR and ASMR were approximately twice higher in men than in women.The ASIR of lung cancer showed a downward trend in the United States of America(USA)between 2000 and 2012,and was more prominent in men.The age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer for ages of 50 to 59 years showed an upward trend in China for both men and women.Conclusions:The burden of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory,especially in developing countries like China.Considering the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries,such as the USA,there is a need to strengthen health education,accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations,and improve early cancer screening awareness to reduce the future burden of lung cancer.
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-050)Beijing Hospital Project(No.BJ-2019-145)
文摘Immune escape mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)can disrupt every step of the anti-cancer immune response.In recent years,an increased understanding of the specific mechanisms fueling immune escape has allowed for the development of numerous immunotherapeutic treatments that have been introduced into the clinical practice.The advent of immunotherapy has dramatically changed the current treatment landscape of advanced or metastatic NSCLC because of its durable efficacy and manageable toxicity.In this review,we will first present a brief overview of recent evidence on immune escape mechanisms in NSCLC.We will then discuss the current promising immunotherapeutic strategies in advanced or metastatic NSCLC tumors.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2214064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21603037,21688102,92161115,21973016,91545122)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JB2015RCY03,JB2019MS052)supported by the fund of North China Electric Power University。
文摘The cycloaddition reactions of methane and ethylene mediated by Ir^(+) have been designed and studied by the techniques of mass spectrometry in conjunction with theoretical calculations.Studies have shown that Ir^(+) can mediate the cycloaddition reaction of CH4and two C_(2)H_(4) to generate a half-sandwich structure IrHCp^(+)(Cp=η^(5)-C_(5)H_(5))including pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand by continuous dehydrogenation reaction with the forming of three C-C bonds and seven C-H bonds.The orbital analysis indicates the mechanism of the cyclization reaction to generation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand with odd number carbon atom depends on the overlap ofπorbitals in-C_(2)H_(2) and carbene,which is more difficult than the forming of cyclobutadiene ligand and benzene.This study may help to understand the reaction mechanism in the cycloaddition reactions of organic compounds,which will be useful to guide the rational design of new catalysts with tailored selectivity and increased efficiency.
基金supported by FRG of Hong Kong Baptist University,and RGC of Hong Kong.
文摘The numerical solution of blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations on unbounded spatial domains is considered.Applying the unified approach,which is based on the operator splitting method,we construct the efficient nonlinear local absorbing boundary conditions for the nonlinear wave equation,and reduce the nonlinear problem on the unbounded spatial domain to an initial-boundary-value problem on a bounded domain.Then the finite difference method is used to solve the reduced problem on the bounded computational domain.Finally,a broad range of numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method,and some interesting propagation and behaviors of the blow-up problems for nonlinear wave equations are observed.
基金supported by FRG of Hong Kong Baptist University,RGC of Hong Kong,Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 10871044)Singapore AcRF RG59/08(M52110092)NRF 2007IDM-IDM002-010.
文摘The paper is concerned with the numerical solution of Schr¨odinger equations on an unbounded spatial domain.High-order absorbing boundary conditions for one-dimensional domain are derived,and the stability of the reduced initial boundary value problem in the computational interval is proved by energy estimate.Then a second order finite difference scheme is proposed,and the convergence of the scheme is established as well.Finally,numerical examples are reported to confirm our error estimates of the numerical methods.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Hong Kong Research Grants Council and FRG of Hong Kong Baptist University.
文摘We propose an artificial boundary method for solving the deterministic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation in one-,two-and three dimensional unbounded domains.The exact artificial boundary conditions are obtained on the artificial boundaries.Then the original problems are reduced to equivalent problems in bounded domains.A fi-nite difference method is applied to solve the reduced problems,and some numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the method.
基金supported by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Major Project No.81830028,Youths Program Nos.81900951 and 81900950)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation Youth Projects(No.7204312)National Key Research and Development Project(No.2020YFC2005201)。
文摘Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD)uses molecular biological techniques to genetically diagnose embryos beforein vitro fertilization.The information obtained through PGD can help clinicians select healthy embryos for implantation,prevent the transmission of inherited diseases and help affected families have healthy children.This paper reviews the development of PGD technology,the history of its application to hereditary hearing loss,and the general process of how PGD is applied to screen for hereditary hearing loss.The aim of this review is to demonstrate the reliability of PGD in the primary prevention of hereditary hearing loss,assist clinicians in counseling patients at risk of transmitting an inherited disease,and explore the journey from PGD toin vitro fertilization.Given that the application of PGD technology to hereditary hearing loss varies in different countries and regions,there is still a long way to go before PGD is routinely applied for the primary prevention of hereditary hearing loss.
