Growth,ROS Markers,Antioxidant Enzymes,Osmotic Regulators and Metabolic Changes in Tartary Buckwheat Subjected to Short Drought

Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is an important pseudocereal feed crop with medicinal and nutritional value.Drought is one of the main causes of reduced growth and yield in these plants.We investigated the growth,physiological,and metabolic responses of the widely promoted Tartary buckwheat variety Chuan Qiao No.1 to polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated drought stress.Drought significantly decreased shoot length,shoot biomass and relative water content.Root length,malondialdehyde content,electrolyte leakage,activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and amylase,and contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline were increased by PEG-mediated drought.Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 32 core metabolites in seedlings subjected to PEG-mediated drought,16 of which increased—including quercetin,isovitexin,cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside,L-arginine,and glycerophosphocholine,while the other 16 decreased—including 3-methoxytyramine,2,6-diaminopimelic acid,citric acid,UDP-alpha-D-glucose,adenosine,keto-D-fructose.The 32 core metabolites were enriched in 29 metabolic pathways,including lysine biosynthesis,citrate(TCA)cycle,anthocyanin biosynthesis,and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.Among them,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,flavor and flavor biosynthesis,indole alkaline biosynthesis,and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the four main metabolic pathways affected by drought.Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and metabolic response mechanisms of Tartary buckwheat to drought stress.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter in Broomcorn Millet

[Objective] To understand the effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and allocation dynamics in broomcorn millet. [Method] The accumulation and distribution of dry matter were studied using cultivars Jin Shu 7 and Huang Mizi at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage. [Result] The results showed that increasing N application led to the increase of green leaf area and the delay of leaf senescence, which was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter.Appropriate nitrogen application(90 kg/hm2) could coordinate the translocation rate of dry matter among different plant parts, thereby enhancing the yield of broomcorn millet; among different organs, the contribution rate of stem to kernel was greater than that of leaf to kernel; there was obvious correlation between dry matter and yield. For Jin Shu 7, leaf area and dry weight of spike showed significant negative correlation with yield. [Conclusion] The formation of grain yield of broomcorn millet involved the accumulation and allocation of dry matter, the appropriate amount of nitrogen application(90 kg/hm2) could improve the rates of translocation and contribution of dry matter, thereby promoting the yield of broomcorn millet.

Rapid Detection of Fat Content in Chenopodium quinoa Willd by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

This study was conducted to find a method for rapid determination of fat content in complete quinoa （ Chenopodium quinoa Willd） seeds. The near infrared spectra of 100 quinoa samples were collected, and a mathematic model was built using the near infrared spectra, so as to perform prediction. The results showed that within the wavelength range of 1 0 000-4 000 cm ^-1 , the quantification model of fat content built by first derivative ＋vector normalization spectral pre-processing had better calibration and prediction effects, and showed a determination coefficient of cross validation （ r cv^ 2 ） of 0.939 3 and a determination coefficient of validation （ rval^2 ） of 0.923 5. The near infrared spectral model of fat could be used for rapid detection of fat contents in quinoa.

Rapid Detection of Starch Content in Quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

This study was conducted to establish a method for rapid determination of crude starch content in complete quinoa （ Chenopodium quinoa Willd） seeds. The near infrared spectra of 100 quinoa samples were collected, and a mathematic model was built using the near infrared spectra within the wavelength range of 1 0 000-4 000 cm^-1 by first derivative ＋vector normalization spectral pre-processing. The results showed that the quantification model of starch content had better calibration and prediction effects, and showed a determination coefficient of cross validation （ r^2 cv ） of 0.914 7 and a determination coefficient of validation （ r^2 val ） of 0.903 1. The determination of starch content in complete quinoa seeds by near infrared spectroscopy is totally feasible.

山西糜子核心种质分子身份证构建

为快速鉴定糜子(Panicum miliaceum)资源,建立分子标记检测平台,以272份山西糜子核心种质为研究材料,利用85对简单重复序列(SSR)引物,应用ID Analysis 4.0软件,构建DNA分子身份证。结果表明,对85对SSR引物进行筛选,发现20对引物组合(RYW67、RYW53、RYW37、RYW65、RYW62、RYW77、RYW5、RYW49、RYW84、RYW19、RYW11、RYW40、RYW54、RYW28、RYW31、RYW7、RYW16、RYW8、RYW9和RYW18)可区分272份材料。共检测到等位变异(Na)60个,平均每个位点检出3个;Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.9578(RYW16)–1.0967(RYW5),平均值为1.0552;多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.6044(RYW77)–0.7530(RYW37),平均值为0.6921。利用20对引物构建山西糜子核心种质的字符串、条形码和二维码DNA分子身份证,可为种质身份标识和溯源提供实践路径。