Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

Thoughts on Pairing Assistance to Tibet for Promoting Agricultural High-quality Development in Southern Tibet from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

In the new era,there is an urgent need to further promote pairing assistance to Tibet,promote the simultaneous construction of a strong agriculture in Tibet and the China's Mainland,and compose a Chinese-style modernization.Southern Tibet,located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region,includes Shannan City and Nyingchi City,is a region assisted by four provincial partners including Hubei Province.This paper introduces the agricultural environment in southern Tibet,studies its agricultural characteristics,and analyzes the main issues of its pairing assistance.Taking forging the strong consciousness of the Chinese national community as the main line,the paper explores strategies for promoting agricultural high-quality development in southern Tibet through pairing assistance to Tibet from the perspective of agricultural power,and proposes some strategies,such as inheriting agricultural cultural heritage,promoting the upgrading of modern seed industry,enhancing the characteristic advantages of highland barley(naked barley)and animal husbandry industries,and developing edible fungi and cold water fish industries.

Blockchain and Digital Transformation of University Asset Management

As educational activities realize value transmission and value realization through a digital form, the Digital transformation of universities continues to advance. The quantity of asset data continues to grow, with internal value reflected in education, management, and services, while external value is reflected in policies, resources and reputation. Therefore, effective management of university assets is particularly important. Blockchain is an important infrastructure for Digital transformation, which provides a trusted environment for the occurrence of various collaborations and will reshape many collaboration mechanisms. This paper discusses the current situation and problems faced by universities in the process of Digital transformation. We analyze the development opportunities brought about by Digital transformation and the specific problems faced by physical asset management in detail. We discuss the data platform optimization, asset data application, digital asset security, planning strategy, and construction path of digital transformation involved in the physical asset management of universities.

Study on the low mechanical anisotropy of extruded Mg-Zn-Mn-Ce-Ca alloy tube in the compression process

In this study,the extruded Mg-Zn-Mn-Ce-Ca alloy tube with a low compression anisotropy along the ED,45ED and TD was prepared.The effect of the second phases,initial texture and deformation behavior on this low mechanical anisotropy was investigated.The results revealed that the alloy tube contains the high content(Mg1-xZnx)11Ce phase and the low content of Mg12Ce phase.These second phases are respectively incoherent and coherent with the Mg matrix,and their influence can be ignored.Additionally,the alloy tube exhibited a weak basal fiber texture,where the c-axis was aligned along the 0°∼30°tilt from TD to ED.Such a texture made the initial deformation(at 1.0%∼1.6%strain)of the three samples controlled by comparable basalslip.As deformation progressed(1.6∼9.0%strain),larger amounts of ETWs nucleated and gradually approached saturation in the three samples,re-orienting the c-axis to a 0°∼±30°deviation with respect to the loading directions.Meanwhile,the prismatic and pyramidal<c+a>slips replaced the dominant deformation progressively until fracture.Eventually,the similar deformation mechanisms determined by the weak initial texture in the three samples contribute to the comparable strain hardening rates,resulting in the low compressive anisotropy of the alloy tube.

Reducing the yield asymmetry in Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn alloy by hot-extrusion and multi-pass rolling

Reducing the yield asymmetry is very important concern for wrought Mg-Li alloys.In this study,Mg-5Li-3Al-2 Zn(LAZ532)alloy was successfully produced by hot-extrusion followed by multi-pass rolling at 573 K.Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and yield asymmetry reducing of LAZ532 alloys at different rolling passes were studied.By observing microstructure using transmission electron microscopy showed that a small amount of ultra-fine Al Mg_(4)Zn_(11)and nano Li_(3)Al_(2) phases existed in the alloy.With the increasing of rolling passes,the grains of the alloys were obviously refined,and comprehensive mechanical properties were dramatically improved.Meanwhile,it also showed an excellent tension and compression yield symmetry(TYS/CYS was about 1).The results showed that the combined action of the weak{0001}basal lamellar texture,grain refinement and addition of Li element could effectively improve the yield symmetry.Furthermore,based on theoretical analysis,the yield strength in the alloys mainly depended on the strengthening contributions of LAGBs and HAGBs,and strengthening effect of HAGBs most(~50%)to the yield strength improvement.

Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg-1Al-12Y alloy containing long period stacking ordered phase

In this study, a systematic investigation on the effect of solution treatment time(2–8 h) at 540℃ on the microstructure and mechanical properties in as-cast Mg-1Al-12Y(AY112, wt.%) alloy was performed. The results showed that the solution treatment did not cause the growth of grains and the change of texture;however, the mechanical properties had been significantly improved, which was mainly attributed to the precipitation of 18R long period ordered stacking(LPSO) phase in the solution-treated alloys. In addition, the dissolution of β-Mg_(24)Y_(5)phase and the diffusion of solute atoms during the solution treatment were both beneficial to the mechanical properties. When the as-cast alloy was solution-treated at 540℃ for 4 h(T4-4h alloy), the mechanical properties of the alloy are optimal. Compared with the as-cast alloy,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and elongation of the T4-4h alloy are increased by ~23% and ~179%, respectively. The deformation of the T4-4h alloys was dominated by a combination of basal slip and non-basal slip, and the presence of the LPSO phase effectively inhibited the nucleation of extension twin. Besides, the LPSO phase can also hinder the activation of basal dislocations and the movement of non-basal dislocations. Therefore, the LPSO phase simultaneously improves the strength and plasticity of the alloy.

Wood use and forest management by Neolithic millet farmers at the Xinglong site,northern China

The origin and development of agriculture and its relationship with climate change are hotly debated topics among environmental archaeologists.In this study,we analyzed wood charcoal materials from the Neolithic Xinglong site in northern China in order to understand the woody vegetation around the site and how early millet farmers shaped local woodlands.Our results suggest that the area around the Xinglong sites during 8700-7000 yr BP was primarily woodlands,including Prunus sibirica shrubs,Ulmus and Acer forests,and Populus stands near waterways.From 8000 to 7000 yr BP,the warm and humid climate probably contributed to the expansion of Acer,Rhamnus,and Juniperus,and may have facilitated the development of early millet agriculture.Among these ancient wood fragments that we studied,the high percent of Prunus charcoal appears to indicate an abundance of fruit trees,which might have constituted the main component of local vegetation.Meanwhile,the wood taxa illustrate the existence of a variety of ecological habitats,and it is logical to assume that people made full use of the locally available wood resources.Notably,Populus and Ulmus were the dominant sources of fuel.The results of tree-ring curvature analyses indicate that people mainly collected trunks or large branches of Ulmus,Populus,Acer,and Juniperus timbers.We interpret the increasing use of Prunus twigs and the declining percentage of Prunus charcoal in the period between 8000-7000 yr BP as indicating that people started to protect and manage wild fruit trees.They may have started pruning to acquire more food resources as part of the cultural responses and adaptation strategies employed by these early millet cultivators.

Improving the high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy by optimizing the surface integrity through electric pulse combined with ultrasonic surface rolling process

To improve the surface integrity and high cycle fatigue property of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy,the electric pulse has been introduced into the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP),which is called electric pulse-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process(EUSRP).With the help of“electroplasticity”of the electric pulse,the thickness of the surface gradient deformation layer was about three times of the USRP specimens by adjusting the pulse current level.However,the surface hardness decreases due to the continuous effect of the pulse current and the“skin effect”during treatment.It is worth noting that the higher the applied pulse current,the more severe the softening.This paradox causes the fatigue performance of EUSRP specimens lower than that of USRP specimens.To break this paradox,the EUSRP treatment is followed by a USRP treatment.The EUSRP-2(with a pulse current of 200 A)+USRP specimens exhibit excellent surface hardness,a gradient deformation layer thickness of about 400μm,low surface roughness and high compressive residual compressive stress.Besides,the hardening mechanisms of the different surface strengthening specimens have been quantitatively analyzed in combination with microstructure analysis.The fatigue life of Ti6Al4V ELI alloy can be improved by about 25 times at 780 MPa using the EUSRP-2+USRP treatment,the main reason for the highest fatigue life is the deepest surface gradient layer and the deepest crack initiation site.The fatigue limit of the EUSRP-2+USRP specimens is not the highest because too much surface hardening causes compressive residual stress relaxation during cycling and the beneficial effect of compressive residual stress is eliminated.

A novel micro-rolling&incremental sheet forming hybrid process:Deformation behavior and microstructure evolution

Thin-walled metal parts with functional micro-featured surface have broad application prospects in the fields of resistance reduction,noise reduction,etc.In this study,a novel micro-rolling&incremental sheet forming hybrid process(μR-ISF)is proposed to fabricate thin-walled metal parts with microgroove arrays.An analytical model which relates the rolling force and microgroove depth in the micro-rolling stage was first established.Then,the formation mechanism of microgroove morphology during both micro-rolling stage and macro-shape forming stage are investigated.After the micro-grooved sheet being incrementally formed,a significant reduction(between 21%to nearly 60%)is occurred in the depth of both transverse and longitudinal grooves compared to the flat sheet.Meanwhile,the width of transverse grooves decreases slightly by about 10%on average,while the width of longitudinal microgrooves increases significantly by more than 30%on average.After micro-rolling,85°{102}tensile twins appear on the micro-grooved sheet and the percentage of 65°{112}compressive twins increases.After incremental forming,the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries and the density of geometrically necessary dislocations in the formed part increase significantly,and the grain size distribution becomes more uniform.The present work provides a new strategy for the fabrication of 3D metal thin-walled components with surface micro-features.

Evaluation of Single Field Uniform Dose (SFUD) Proton Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) Planning Strategy for Lung Mobile Tumor Using a Digital Phantom

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate four different Proton SFUD PBS initial planning strategies for lung mobile tumor. Methods and Materials: A virtual lung patient’s four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) was generated in this study. To avoid the uncertainties from target delineation and imaging artifacts, a sphere with diameter of 3 cm representing a rigid mobile target (GTV) was inserted into the right side of the lung. The target motion is set in superior-inferior (SI) direction from ?5 mm to 5 mm. Four SFUD planning strategies were used based on: 1) Maximum-In-tensity-Projection Image (MIP-CT);2) CT_average with ITV overridden to muscle density (CTavg_muscle);3) CT_average with ITV overridden to tumor density (CTavg_tumor);4) CT_average without any override density (CTavg_only). Dose distributions were recalculated on each individual phase and accumulated together to assess the “actual” treatment. To estimate the impact of proton range uncertainties, +/?3.5% CT calibration curve was applied to the 4DCT phase images. Results: Comparing initial plan to the dose accumulation: MIP-CT based GTV D98 degraded 2.42 Gy (60.10 Gy vs 57.68 Gy). Heart D1 increased 6.19 Gy (1.88 Gy vs 8.07 Gy);CTavg_tumor based GTV D98 degraded 0.34 Gy (60.07 Gy vs 59.73 Gy). Heart D1 increased 2.24 Gy (3.74 Gy vs 5.98 Gy);CTavg_muscle based initial GTV D98 degraded 0.31 Gy (60.4 Gy vs 60.19 Gy). Heart D1 increased 3.44 Gy (4.38 Gy vs 7.82 Gy);CTavg_only based Initial GTV D98 degraded 6.63 Gy (60.11 Gy vs 53.48 Gy). Heart D1 increased 0.30 Gy (2.69 Gy vs 2.96 Gy);in the presence of ±3.5% range uncertainties, CTavg_tumor based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 57.99 Gy (+3.5%) 59.38 Gy (?3.5%), and CTavg_muscle based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 59.37 Gy (+3.5%) 59.37 Gy (?3.5%). Conclusion: This study shows that CTavg_Tumor and CTavg_Muscle based planning strategies provide the most robust GTV coverage. However, clinicians need to be aware that the actual dose to OARs at distal end of target may increase. The study also indicates that the current SFUD PBS planning strategy might not be sufficient to compensate the CT calibration uncertainty.

Effect of REs(Y,Nd)addition on high temperature oxidation kinetics,oxide layer characteristic and activation energy of AZ80 alloy

The oxidation behaviors of AZ80,AZ8O-0.32 Y and AZ8O-0.38 Nd(wt.%)alloys were researched at 413℃,420℃,427v and 433℃for up to 6 h in air environment via a high precision analytical balance,a laser confocal microscope,differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)analysis,X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis.The results show that the weight gain and oxidation rate of AZ80 are reduced significantly,the initiation form and propagation of cracks in oxide layer are changed.Compact and protective oxide layer forms on alloy surface with Y or Nd addition.And the activation energies of AZ80,AZ80-0.32Y and AZ8O-0.38Nd alloys calculated via Arrhenius equation are 82.556 kJ/mol,177.148kJ/mol and 136.738 kJ/mol,respectively.

Study of the characteristics of rocket-triggered lightning energetic radiation and its relationships with the discharge parameters

Through the use of the independently developed Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Observation System(TEROS),observation experiments of rocket-triggered lightning energetic radiation(RLER)were conducted for the first time at the Field Experiment Base on Lightning Sciences,China Meteorological Administration from May 2021 to July 2021.A total of 17 X-ray bursts were detected during all of the 22 leader/return strokes.In this study,the energy,time,and direction characteristics of Xray burst and its relationships with the corresponding discharge parameters,such as the return stroke peak current,half-peak width,rise time,and interstroke time interval,as well as the associated physical processes,are analyzed and discussed.Results showed that energetic radiation is ubiquitous in triggered lightning and is closely related to the last downward leader phase before the return stroke.The photon energies were concentrated in tens to hundreds of ke V,and the average duration of RLER was approximately 27μs.Moreover,RLER exhibited directional property inconsistent with a vertical downward beam,which may be related to the development orientation of the lightning leader.The intensity of RLER was positively correlated with the return stroke peak current,indicating that it directly depends on the lightning intensity,but it would be modulated by the lightning channel conditions.The 17 RLER events showed 3 different time distribution patterns,namely,discrete,continuous,and discrete/continuous pulses,of which the discharge parameters were also different.The discrete pulse event had the longest duration,a small half-peak width,and a long interstroke time interval.Furthermore,all of these events occurred during the last several leader/return strokes.The continuous pulse event had a short duration and a small peak current.The discrete/continuous pulse event had a moderate duration and a large half-peak width and peak current.These three distinct time distribution patterns may be determined by different development types of lightning leaders.Our observations support the leader high-field runaway mechanism.

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites

Graphene nanoplates(GNPs)-reinforced magnesium matrix composites have been attracted great attention.However,knowledge is lack for the hot deformation behavior of GNP-reinforced magnesium(GNPs/Mg)composite.In this study,the fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy process followed by extrusion.The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite were investigated by hot compression test and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD).The hot compression tests of the composite were conducted at temperatures between 423 and 573 K with the strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s^(-1).The strain compensated power law equation was established to describe the hot deformation behavior of the composites.The stress exponent and activation energy of the composite are 7.76 and 83.23 kJ/mol,respectively,suggesting that the deformation mechanism is grain boundary slip controlled dislocation climb creep.The abnormally high stress exponent and activation energy are unattainable in the composite due to the fine grain size of the composites and the absence of Zener pinning and Orowan effects of GNPs reinforcement.The grain size increases with the decrease in Zener-Hollomn(Z)parameter,which can be well fitted by power-law relationship.With the increase in grain size and decrease in Z parameter,the geometrically necessary dislocation density decreases,which shows the approximately power-law relationship.A random and weak texture was formed after hot compression.The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism dominated the DRX behavior at 473 K/0.001 s^(-1) and 573 K/0.001 s^(-1),respectively.

Investigation of Portevin–Le Chatelier effect in rolled α-phase Mg-Li alloy during tensile and compressive deformation

Avoiding the Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)effect is very important concern for wrought Mg-Li alloys.In this study,the special PLC effect was found in rolled Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn(LAZ532)alloy during tensile and compressive deformation.By observing microstructure evolution of the alloy during tensile and compressive deformation,it was found that prismaticand pyramidalslips were activated during tensile deformation,resulting in plenty of dislocation accumulation.In the deformation process after compressive yielding,the deformations in coarse grains and fine grains were dominated by{1012}extension twinning and grain boundary slip,respectively.Based on experimental result analysis,the sudden appearance of PLC effect in the later stage of axial tensile deformation(along rolled direction)was caused by interaction between solute atoms and dislocations.In the process of axial compressive deformation(along rolled direction),PLC effect presented the complex and changeable phenomenon of appeared-disappeared-appeared,which was mainly caused by the continuous nucleation of twin in the material,the activation of grain boundary slip and the shear deformation of twin,respectively.

Decentralized control of two DC microgrids interconnected with tie-line

This paper examines the interconnection of two DC microgrids(MGs) with tie-line. The voltages at respective MG buses are controlled to manage the powerflow across the tie-line. Formation of such a DC MG cluster ensures higher reliability of power supply andflexibility to manage distributed energy resources and loads in the system. Two MGs consist of photovoltaic and battery units interfaced by power electronic converters. The bus voltages of two DC MGs act as an indicator for the powerflow monitoring the supply-demand balance. A decentralized control approach is proposed to control each MG and bus voltage fluctuation in an allowable range. Furthermore,a mode adaptive decentralized control approach is proposed for seamless mode transition in order to assign microgrid operation modes and for the power management of DC MGs. The effectiveness of the proposed concept is validated by simulation and experimental results.

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming(ISF)in industrial field.As a novel approach,the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF.However,the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood.In this paper,the influences of process variables(i.e.tool diameter,step size and thickness of interpolators)on the forming process(e.g.surface roughness,forming force and geometric error)are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design(CCD)in two-point incremental sheet forming(TPIF).It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path.Nevertheless,the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters(tool diameter and step size)is limited.Meanwhile,the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank.In addition,the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter.Finally,the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of thecontact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force.Meanwhile,the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.

Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski(M–K)model is widely used to predict material's forming limit curve(FLC).The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress.However,it cannot be neglected in some forming processes.Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress.In addition,based on Nakazima test process,the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived,which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path.Here,initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered.In this paper,uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy.Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model,the prediction model of FLC was established.The increase of thickness can enhance FLC.Meanwhile,it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model.On the left side of FLC,the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness.On the right side of FLC,the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness.On the right side of FLC,the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path.Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.

Increased winter-spring precipitation from the last glaciation to the Holocene inferred from a δ^(13)C_(org) record from Yili Basin(Xinjiang, NW China)

The nature and dynamics of climate change in central Asia since the late Pleistocene are controversial. Moreover,most of the published studies focus mainly on the evolution of moisture conditions, and there have been few attempts to address changes in seasonality. In this study, records of δ^(13)C_(org), TOC, TN, C/N and grain size were obtained from lacustrine sediments at Yili Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. Our aim was to reconstruct the trend in seasonality of precipitation from the last glaciation to the Holocene. The organic matter content of the sediments is derived predominantly from terrestrial plants. The δ^(13)C_(org)values vary from-19.4‰ to-24.8‰, indicating that the vegetation was dominated by C_3 plants. Winter-spring precipitation is identified as the factor determining the relative proportions of C_3 and C_4 plants in the region. A negative trend in δ^(13)C_(org)corresponding to an increase in the relative abundance of C_3 plants indicate a trend of increasing winter-spring precipitation from the last glaciation to the Holocene. The increased incidence of wintertime storms in the interior of Asia is suggested to result in the increase of winterspring precipitation in the Holocene.

Effects of proton irradiation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Amosic-3 silicon carbide minicomposites

One dimensional Amosic-3 silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites(SiCf/SiC minicomposites) prepared by chemical vapor infiltration were irradiated with 2.8 Me V proton ions. The ion fluences were 1.0 × 10^17 and 1.5 × 10^17cm^-2 at room temperature and 300℃, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated before and after proton irradiation. Raman spectra showed no evident change in Amosic-3 fibers regardless of irradiation temperature, which is confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy observation. Pyrolytic carbon interphase showed slightly expansion after 300℃ irradiation, however, no microstructure changes were observed in SiC matrix. Moreover, it can be deduced that no irradiation induced changes in mechanical properties were observed after present proton irradiation.

Formation mechanism and modeling of surface waviness in incremental sheet forming

mproving and controlling surface quality has always been a challenge for incremental sheet forming (ISF), whereas the generation mechanism of waviness surface is still unknown, which impedes the widely application of ISF in the industrial field. In this paper, the formation mechanism and the prediction of waviness are both investigated through experiments, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. Based on a verified finite element model, the waviness topography is predicted numerically for the first time, and its generation is attributed to the residual bending deformation through deformation history analysis. For more efficient engineering application, a theoretical model for waviness height is proposed based on the generation mechanism, using a modified strain function considering deformation modes. This work is favorable for the perfection of formation mechanism and control of surface quality in ISF.