Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs s...Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.展开更多
Real-time seam tracking can improve welding quality and enhance welding efficiency during the welding process in automobile manufacturing.However,the teaching-playing welding process,an off-line seam tracking method,i...Real-time seam tracking can improve welding quality and enhance welding efficiency during the welding process in automobile manufacturing.However,the teaching-playing welding process,an off-line seam tracking method,is still dominant in automobile industry,which is less flexible when welding objects or situation change.A novel real-time algorithm consisting of seam detection and generation is proposed to track seam.Using captured 3D points,space vectors were created between two adjacent points along each laser line and then a vector angle based algorithm was developed to detect target points on the seam.Least square method was used to fit target points to a welding trajectory for seam tracking.Furthermore,the real-time seam tracking process was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.The trend of joint angles vs.time was logged and a comparison between the off-line and the proposed seam tracking algorithm was conducted.Results show that the proposed real-time seam tracking algorithm can work in a real-time scenario and have high accuracy in welding point positioning.展开更多
Background:Increased glycolytic activity and lactate production are characteristic features of triple‐negative breast cancer(TNBC).The aim of this study was to determine whether a subset of lactate‐responsive genes(...Background:Increased glycolytic activity and lactate production are characteristic features of triple‐negative breast cancer(TNBC).The aim of this study was to determine whether a subset of lactate‐responsive genes(LRGs)could be used to classify TNBC subtypes and predict patient outcomes.Methods:Lactate levels were initially measured in different breast cancer(BC)cell types.Subsequently,MDA‐MB‐231 cells treated with 2‐Deoxy‐Dglucose or L‐lactate were subjected to RNA sequencing(RNA‐seq).The gene set variation analysis algorithm was utilized to calculate the lactate‐responsive score,conduct a differential analysis,and establish an association with the extent of immune infiltration.Consensus clustering was then employed to classify TNBC patients.Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion,cibersort,single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis,and EPIC,were used to compare the tumor‐infiltrating immune cells between TNBC subtypes and predict the response to immunotherapy.Furthermore,a prognostic model was developed by combining 98 machine learning algorithms,to assess the predictive significance of the LRG signature.The predictive value of immune infiltration and the immunotherapy response was also assessed.Finally,the association between lactate and various anticancer drugs was examined based on expression profile similarity principles.Results:We found that the lactate levels of TNBC cells were significantly higher than those of other BC cell lines.Through RNA‐seq,we identified 14 differentially expressed LRGs in TNBC cells under varying lactate levels.Notably,this LRG signature was associated with interleukin‐17 signaling pathway dysregulation,suggesting a link between lactate metabolism and immune impairment.Furthermore,the LRG signature was used to categorize TNBC into two distinct subtypes,whereby Subtype A was characterized by immunosuppression,whereas Subtype B was characterized by immune activation.Conclusion:We identified an LRG signature in TNBC,which could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with TNBC and gauge their response to immunotherapy.Our findings may help guide the precision treatment of patients with TNBC.展开更多
基金Supported by American Cancer Society Institutional Research to Li C,No.11-053-01-IRGNational Institutes of Health grant HL128647
文摘Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
基金Supported by Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation(65822576)Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201310858004,KM201310858001)
文摘Real-time seam tracking can improve welding quality and enhance welding efficiency during the welding process in automobile manufacturing.However,the teaching-playing welding process,an off-line seam tracking method,is still dominant in automobile industry,which is less flexible when welding objects or situation change.A novel real-time algorithm consisting of seam detection and generation is proposed to track seam.Using captured 3D points,space vectors were created between two adjacent points along each laser line and then a vector angle based algorithm was developed to detect target points on the seam.Least square method was used to fit target points to a welding trajectory for seam tracking.Furthermore,the real-time seam tracking process was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.The trend of joint angles vs.time was logged and a comparison between the off-line and the proposed seam tracking algorithm was conducted.Results show that the proposed real-time seam tracking algorithm can work in a real-time scenario and have high accuracy in welding point positioning.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82303823Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:42023kf0226。
文摘Background:Increased glycolytic activity and lactate production are characteristic features of triple‐negative breast cancer(TNBC).The aim of this study was to determine whether a subset of lactate‐responsive genes(LRGs)could be used to classify TNBC subtypes and predict patient outcomes.Methods:Lactate levels were initially measured in different breast cancer(BC)cell types.Subsequently,MDA‐MB‐231 cells treated with 2‐Deoxy‐Dglucose or L‐lactate were subjected to RNA sequencing(RNA‐seq).The gene set variation analysis algorithm was utilized to calculate the lactate‐responsive score,conduct a differential analysis,and establish an association with the extent of immune infiltration.Consensus clustering was then employed to classify TNBC patients.Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion,cibersort,single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis,and EPIC,were used to compare the tumor‐infiltrating immune cells between TNBC subtypes and predict the response to immunotherapy.Furthermore,a prognostic model was developed by combining 98 machine learning algorithms,to assess the predictive significance of the LRG signature.The predictive value of immune infiltration and the immunotherapy response was also assessed.Finally,the association between lactate and various anticancer drugs was examined based on expression profile similarity principles.Results:We found that the lactate levels of TNBC cells were significantly higher than those of other BC cell lines.Through RNA‐seq,we identified 14 differentially expressed LRGs in TNBC cells under varying lactate levels.Notably,this LRG signature was associated with interleukin‐17 signaling pathway dysregulation,suggesting a link between lactate metabolism and immune impairment.Furthermore,the LRG signature was used to categorize TNBC into two distinct subtypes,whereby Subtype A was characterized by immunosuppression,whereas Subtype B was characterized by immune activation.Conclusion:We identified an LRG signature in TNBC,which could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with TNBC and gauge their response to immunotherapy.Our findings may help guide the precision treatment of patients with TNBC.
